Risultati per: Centri di riferimento HCV - SICILIA

Resolving chronic hepatic infections caused by hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) could be realised through two primary approaches: direct targeting of the virus or enhancement of the immune response, encompassing antiviral and immune-based therapies, respectively. Although direct-acting antiviral (DAA) medications exhibit remarkable efficacy in curing chronic HCV infection, the current approach to treating chronic HBV infection relies on long-term administration of nucleos(t)ide analogues, which inhibits viral replication but falls short of resolving the infection.1 The importance of functional virus-specific T cells in clearing HBV and HCV infections is suggested by the contrasting levels of virus-specific T cell immunity observed between individuals who successfully recover from acute hepatic viral infections and those who experience prolonged chronic infections. Chronic HBV and HCV infections manifest with diminished quantities of virus-specific T cells, which exhibit signs of exhaustion and functional impairment. The enhancement of virus-specific T cell functionality…

Sui fondi giochi aperti.Anelli:’Ora contratti, ma serve riforma’

Giochi aperti sui fondi. Anelli (Fnomceo):’Avviare vera riforma’

Operazione per sopperire alla mancanza di personale sanitario

Neonatologi, ‘necessità in aumento, garantirla in tutta Italia’

Neonatologi, ‘necessità in aumento, garantirla in tutta Italia’

Objective
The transcriptional response in the liver during HCV infection is critical for determining clinical outcomes. This issue remains relatively unexplored as tissue access to address this at scale is usually limited. We aimed to profile the transcriptomics of HCV-infected livers to describe the expression networks involved and assess the effect on them of major predictors of clinical outcome such as IFNL4 (interferon lambda 4) host genotype and sex.

Design
We took advantage of a large clinical study of HCV therapy accompanied by baseline liver biopsy to examine the drivers of transcription in tissue samples in 195 patients also genotyped genome-wide for host and viral single nucleotide polymorphisms. We addressed the role of host factors (disease status, sex, genotype, age) and viral factors (load, mutation) on transcriptional responses.

Results
We observe key modules of transcription which can be impacted differentially by host and viral factors. Underlying cirrhotic state had the most substantial impact, even in a stable, compensated population. Notably, sex had a major impact on antiviral responses in concert with IL28B (interleukin 28B)/IFNL4 genotype, with stronger interferon and humoral responses in females. Males tended towards a dominant cellular immune response. In both sexes, there was a strong influence of the underlying host disease status and of specific viral mutations, and sex-specific expression quantitative trait loci were also observed.

Conclusion
These features help define the major influences on tissue responses in HCV infection, impacting on the response to treatment and with broader implications for responses in other sex-biased infections.

‘But, where’s the beef?’, a colleague and friend asked me at a conference, right after a student from my group had presented our first transcriptional data set on T cells in viral hepatitis. I knew exactly what she meant. As scientists, we are accustomed to expect clear and definitive answers to specific questions that step by step prove or disprove a defined hypothesis developed on rigorous previous data. However, comprehensive and unbiased omics studies, like the analysis of genome-wide gene expression in liver tissue with HCV infection by Marchi et al in Gut,1 are in most instances neither aimed nor suited to deliver easy-to-grasp answers. This is especially true for cross-sectional analyses in humans with their inherent heterogeneity in mutable and immutable traits. The conversation mentioned previously happened almost 10 years ago, and studies using omics approaches in human cohorts have become commonplace in the meantime, but…

Sul sito dell’Osservatorio Nazionale la mappa dei servizi

Investimento da 4 milioni di euro per ampliare la dotazione

Censimento strutture che fanno sperimentazioni, oltre 50% al Nord

Ma gap al Sud. Al Meridione solo 3 a Napoli e 1 a Messina

Objective
A prophylactic vaccine is needed to control the HCV epidemic, with genotypes 1–3 causing >80% of worldwide infections. Vaccine development is hampered by HCV heterogeneity, viral escape including protection of conserved neutralising epitopes and suboptimal efficacy of HCV cell culture systems. We developed cell culture-based inactivated genotype 1–3 HCV vaccine candidates to present natively folded envelope proteins to elicit neutralising antibodies.

Design
High-yield genotype 1a, 2a and 3a HCV were developed by serial passage of TNcc, J6cc and DBN3acc in Huh7.5 cells and engineering of acquired mutations detected by next-generation sequencing. Neutralising epitope exposure was determined in cell-based neutralisation assays using human monoclonal antibodies AR3A and AR4A, and polyclonal antibody C211. BALB/c mice were immunised with processed and inactivated genotype 1a, 2a or 3a viruses using AddaVax, a homologue of the licenced adjuvant MF-59. Purified mouse and patient serum IgG were assayed for neutralisation capacity; mouse IgG and immune-sera were assayed for E1/E2 binding.

Results
Compared with the original viruses, high-yield viruses had up to ~1000 fold increased infectivity titres (peak titres: 6–7 log10 focus-forming units (FFU)/mL) and up to ~2470 fold increased exposure of conserved neutralising epitopes. Vaccine-induced IgG broadly neutralised genotype 1–6 HCV (EC50: 30–193 µg/mL; mean 71 µg/mL), compared favourably with IgG from chronically infected patients, and bound genotype 1–3 E1/E2; immune-sera endpoint titres reached up to 32 000.

Conclusion
High-yield genotype 1–3 HCV could be developed as basis for inactivated vaccine candidates inducing broadly neutralising antibodies in mice supporting further preclinical development.