The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors, particularly monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1), has revolutionised cancer treatment across various malignancies. Despite this groundbreaking progress, a considerable cohort of patients fails to derive benefit from anti-PD(L)1 mAb therapy due to primary and secondary resistance mechanisms. The percentage of patients who respond to these treatments varies among different tumour types, ranging from 40% in more sensitive tumours, like metastatic melanoma, to virtually zero in less sensitive tumours such as glioblastoma.1 Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the deadliest solid tumours, emerges as a moderately sensitive tumour, where monotherapy with anti-PD(L)1 agents demonstrates a response in only about 15% of cases.2 These encouraging yet constrained clinical outcomes have elevated immunotherapy to a pivotal status in clinical practice, instigating evaluations of combinatory approaches with other agents alongside anti-PD(L)1 mAbs to…
Targeting metalloproteases is a promising strategy to enhance immunotherapy responses by overcoming immune exclusion in hepatocellular carcinoma
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Maggio 2024