Risultati per: Screening del cancro ai polmoni

Prior studies have shown that individuals with fecal hemoglobin (f-Hb) concentrations just below the positivity cut-off have an increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk compared to those with no or low f-Hb. Understanding the dose-response association between f-Hb in prior screening round and the detection of colorectal neoplasia is crucial for tailoring risk-based screening recommendations.

Introduction
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) affects 296 million people globally, causing 780 000 annual deaths. It has been estimated that 12–43 million individuals are co-infected with hepatitis D virus (HDV). In Spain, the prevalence of HBsAg in adults is 0.22%, with an anti-HDV prevalence of 7.7%, although not extensively documented since many HBsAg-positive cases are not tested for anti-HDV. The primary objective of this project is to optimise hepatitis D care by implementing a screening programme for anti-HDV in all HBsAg-positive individuals over a 1 year period in Catalonia. Secondary objectives include evaluating hepatitis D prevalence, establishing a digital registry for all anti-HDV positive cases, testing them for HDV-RNA in a centralised laboratory and offering linkage to care.

Methods and analysis
This prospective study will be performed in seven hospital centres in Catalonia, which attend to more than 95% of the adult population. Approximately, 9290 HBsAg-positive individuals are expected to be screened for anti-HDV in 1 year. All anti-HDV positive samples will be sent to a centralised laboratory for HDV-RNA quantification. All individuals testing positive for anti-HDV will be registered on an electronic platform and linked to care. The registry will collect data on demographics, infection stage, risk factors, disease awareness and previous diagnoses. No additional interventions will be conducted for those with adequate follow-up.

Ethics and dissemination
The Vall d’Hebron Hospital Ethics Committee (PR(AG)628/2023) and the Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices approved this study. These findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.

Trial registration study
Grant number: IN-ES-980–7058.

Objective
To understand what leads to the non-adherence to the cervical cancer screening (CCS) recommendations during a consultation.

Design
For this qualitative study, in-depth semistructured interviews were carried out with French healthcare professionals. An interview guide was developed and tested. It included the following themes: CCS recommendations, patients’ profiles, relationship with patients, emotional work, over-screening and under-screening. Interviews were carried out until data saturation (no new data, theoretical diversity reached). The grounded theory was used for data analysis.

Participants
Gynaecologists, midwives and general practitioners (GPs). The sample diversity was achieved using the following criteria: place of work, type of healthcare profession, type of patients, private-sector or hospital professional.

Setting
Interviews were conducted between July and December 2022 in six regions in France.

Results
In-depth semistructured interviews were carried out with 15 midwives, 24 GPs and 11 gynaecologists from six French regions. Their analysis highlighted that the following factors contributed to the non-adherence to the CCS recommendation: burden of caring for family members for some women, adhesion to the principle of yearly screening by healthcare professionals and patients, need of negotiating the respect of the CCS recommendations, use of emotions, and arbitration to prioritise what is needed for good health maintenance. The search for mutual emotional comfort led some healthcare professionals to adopt attitudes towards the CCS that avoid positioning conflicts, even if this means departing from the recommendations.

Conclusion
CCS can be correctly performed if healthcare professionals and patients agree on the need of actively taking care of their health, which is difficult for women from lower sociocultural backgrounds. During the one-to-one meeting with their patients, healthcare professionals may find difficult to apply the CCS recommendations, although they know and agree with them.

New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 391, Issue 20, Page 1947-1948, November 21, 2024.

New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 391, Issue 20, Page 1877-1889, November 21, 2024.

To the Editor We read with interest the recent study that compared the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) positivity threshold vs multitarget stool RNA (mt-sRNA) testing for colorectal cancer screening. However, we have concerns regarding the study methodology and the capability of FIT to fully replace the mt-sRNA panel.

This randomized clinical trial evaluates the effects of Helicobacter pylori stool antigen assessment plus fecal immunochemical testing (FIT), vs FIT alone, on gastric cancer incidence and mortality among adults in Taiwan.

In Reply Our study adjusted the FIT cutoff to yield the same overall positivity rate as reported for the mt-sRNA test (17%) to enhance comparability of diagnostic performance of both tests. Below we address each of the 3 points made by Drs Yang and Ma.

Circulation, Volume 150, Issue 21, Page 1656-1658, November 19, 2024.

Circulation, Volume 150, Issue 21, Page 1741-1744, November 19, 2024.

La Presidenza del Consiglio aderisce a ‘Illumina novembre’

Cherubini (Siedp) “evitabili in oltre 450 bimbi ogni anno”

The absolute number of annual cases of gastric cancer in Europe is rising. The Council of the European Union has recommended implementation of gastric cancer screening for countries or regions with a high gastric cancer incidence and death rates. However, as of 2024 no organised gastric cancer screening programme has been launched in Europe.
There are several ways to decrease gastric cancer burden, but the screen and treat strategy for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) seems to be the most appropriate for Europe. It has to be noted that increased use of antibiotics would be associated with this strategy.
Only organised population-based cancer screening is recommended in the European Union, therefore gastric cancer screening also is expected to fulfil the criteria of an organised screening programme. In this respect, several aspects of screening organisation need to be considered before full implementation of gastric cancer prevention in Europe; the age range of the target group, test types, H. pylori eradication regimens and surveillance strategies are among them. Currently, ongoing projects (GISTAR, EUROHELICAN, TOGAS and EUCanScreen) are expected to provide the missing evidence. Feedback from the decision-makers and the potential target groups, including vulnerable populations, will be important to planning the programme.
This paper provides an overview of the recent decisions of the European authorities, the progress towards gastric cancer implementation in Europe and expected challenges. Finally, a potential algorithm for gastric cancer screening in Europe is proposed.

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is plagued by failures across the cancer care continuum, leading to frequent late-stage diagnoses and high mortality. We evaluated the effectiveness of mailed outreach invitations plus patient navigation to promote HCC screening process completion in patients with cirrhosis.

Methods
Between April 2018 and September 2021, we conducted a multicentre pragmatic randomised clinical trial comparing mailed outreach plus patient navigation for HCC screening (n=1436) versus usual care with visit-based screening (n=1436) among patients with cirrhosis at three US health systems. Our primary outcome was screening process completion over a 36-month period, and our secondary outcome was the proportion of time covered (PTC) by screening. All patients were included in intention-to-screen analyses.

Results
All 2872 participants (median age 61.3 years; 32.3% women) were included in intention-to-screen analyses. Screening process completion was observed in 6.6% (95% CI: 5.3% to 7.9%) of patients randomised to outreach and 3.3% (95% CI: 2.4% to 4.3%) of those randomised to usual care (OR 2.05, 95% CI: 1.44 to 2.92). The intervention increased HCC screening process completion across most subgroups including age, sex, race and ethnicity, Child-Turcotte-Pugh class and health system. PTC was also significantly higher in the outreach arm than usual care (mean 37.5% vs 28.2%; RR 1.33, 95% CI: 1.31 to 1.35). Despite screening underuse, most HCC in both arms were detected at an early stage.

Conclusion
Mailed outreach plus navigation significantly increased HCC screening process completion versus usual care in patients with cirrhosis, with a consistent effect across most examined subgroups. However, screening completion remained suboptimal in both arms, underscoring a need for more intensive interventions.

Trial registration number
NCT02582918.