Risultati per: Progressi nel trattamento della psoriasi: review

Background
Strengths-based interventions have great potential among individuals living with chronic illnesses, helping to improve patient outcomes and address the rapidly increasing burden of chronic diseases. The main objective of this systematic review is to synthesise the evidence on strengths-based interventions for patients with chronic diseases and/or caregivers.

Methods and analysis
Seven databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO and SCOPUS, will be searched. The literature screening and data extraction will be conducted independently by two researchers. A third researcher will be involved when a consensus is needed. The quality and risk of bias in the included studies will be assessed by using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. The systematic review protocol will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol checklists.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethics approval is not required. The findings of the systematic review will be disseminated in a conference and a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42024570495.

Objectives
Persons diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN) may receive care in general psychiatric inpatient care (GPIC) for several reasons including severity of their condition, comorbidities and lack of access to specialised inpatient care. However, scant research has explored how this specific setting may impact persons with AN, either positively or negatively. Additionally, there is limited evidence regarding the most effective form of care for AN within GPIC. This integrative literature review provides a comprehensive overview of research focusing on care for AN in GPIC settings, shedding light on person-centred care and power within this specific context.

Design
The review was conducted according to the methods of Whittemore and Knafl. We searched the academic databases PubMed, CINAHL and PsycInfo, with the latest search conducted in March 2025, in accordance with a specific search strategy and analysed the data using a constant comparison method. The review is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist for systematic reviews.

Results
The synthesis revealed three perspectives of care for persons with AN in the context of GPIC: management of the symptoms, treatment of the patient and support for the person. Overall, the findings suggest that GPIC can aid in weight gain, but the impact on recovery is unclear.

Conclusion
Research indicates that GPIC possesses the biomedical knowledge necessary to save lives, but there is a lack of research focusing on the perspectives of persons with AN. This gap in understanding may affect treatment outcomes, the possibility of recovery and the personal experience of care for those with AN in this context.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42023426095.

Objectives
To evaluate whether suicidality was documented prior to suicide in patients in contact with specialised somatic healthcare providers for physical conditions and to identify factors related to such documentation.

Design and settings
Retrospective cohort study in which medical records from specialised somatic (non-psychiatric) healthcare services (internal medicine, infectious disease, surgery, urology, etc) in 20 of Sweden’s 21 regions were reviewed up to 2 years before suicide.

Participants
Those who died by suicide in Sweden 2015 and had received specialised somatic healthcare for a diagnosed physical condition were included, n=468 (331 men and 137 women).

The outcome variable
Documentation of suicidality (ie, death wishes, suicidal thoughts, plans, attempts and notations of known suicidality or elevated suicide risk). Potential associations of patients’ characteristics and clinical factors with the outcome were tested in logistic regression models.

Results
Of the 468 patients, 111 (24%) were positive for the outcome variable Documentation of suicidality, regardless of whether they were assessed as suicidal or not. Elevated suicide risk was noted in 27 patients (6% of the total cohort). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that experience of distress (OR: 4.81; 95% CI: 1.96 to 11.81), contact with psychiatric services (OR: 4.68; 95% CI: 2.60 to 8.43), psychiatric comorbidity (OR: 4.33; 95% CI: 2.41 to 7.76) and female sex (OR: 2.91; 95% CI: 1.68 to 5.06) were independently associated with documentation of suicidality. A third (36%) had a doctor consultation in specialised somatic healthcare during their last month of life. Of these, 17% were assessed for suicidality, and elevated suicide risk was noted in 7%.

Conclusions
Documentation of suicidality was observed in one quarter of patients who received specialised somatic healthcare for physical conditions and subsequently died by suicide. These results indicate a need to increase clinician awareness of suicidal issues and assessments and to integrate questions about mental health into specialised somatic practice.

Background
Providing support to second victims in workplaces is crucial for maintaining high-quality performance. Peer support approach has proven to be one of the most effective and well-accepted approaches. However, the specific competencies required for peer supporters remain unclear. This review aims to address this gap by identifying and categorising these competencies.

Objective
This scoping review examines the competencies (skills, attitudes and knowledge) needed to support workers where the pressure of their roles may lead to errors that could cause harm to others. In such situations, these individuals may experience intense feelings of responsibility, potentially impacting their ability to perform their duties. In the healthcare sector, these workers are commonly referred to as ‘second victims’.

Eligibility criteria
This review includes studies that define the competencies necessary for peer supporters assisting second victims in any industry. It covers all professional roles susceptible to human errors affecting people’s well-being. The focus is on peer support and psychological first aid, encompassing relevant competencies, attitudes and knowledge for addressing safety-related incidents and workplace errors.

Sources of evidence
The scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Studies were identified through a comprehensive search of databases, including Embase, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. References from eligible studies were also considered.

Charting methods
Data were extracted and categorised into competency domains through a standardised process. Two reviewers independently performed data extraction, with discrepancies resolved by consensus.

Results
A total of 34 studies were included in the review. Across five identified domains, 91 specific and 30 general competencies were categorised. Additionally, the review identified 29 types of peer-based interventions designed to support professionals following incidents or stressful situations.

Conclusions
The findings underscore the need for well-defined competencies for peer supporters of second victims, emphasising training in communication, emotional support and role-specific knowledge. Tailoring peer support programmes to the professional context and industry-specific characteristics is essential for providing effective assistance.

Objectives
This scoping review aimed to explore the relationship between health locus of control (HLOC) and vaccine hesitancy among parents of children aged 0–18 years, focusing on the tools and methods used to assess these constructs.

Design
The review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines and adhered to established methodologies for scoping reviews, including systematic searches across four electronic databases.

Data sources
PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science and CINAHL were searched using a comprehensive search strategy to identify relevant studies on 24 September 2024.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies
Studies were included if they examined HLOC and vaccine hesitancy in parents, measured these constructs with validated tools and focused on childhood vaccination.

Data extraction and synthesis
Data were extracted into a structured table capturing study characteristics, HLOC and vaccine hesitancy measurements, and key findings. Results were synthesised narratively to highlight associations and patterns.

Results
Five studies involving a total of 11 758 parents and caregivers of children aged 0–18 years met inclusion criteria. Higher internal HLOC was consistently associated with lower vaccine hesitancy and higher compliance, while lower chance HLOC correlated with greater hesitancy. Powerful others HLOC (ie, trust in healthcare professionals) emerged as a key predictor of better vaccine adherence.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that internal HLOC and trust in healthcare providers are predictors of vaccine acceptance among parents. However, standardised tools and longitudinal studies are needed to further elucidate these relationships and inform targeted interventions to reduce vaccine hesitancy.

Background
Atypical Haemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS) is a rare but life-threatening thrombotic microangiopathy. If inadequately managed, aHUS can lead to progressive kidney failure, cardiovascular complications and multiorgan dysfunction, resulting in high healthcare costs and a substantial impact on patients’ quality of life. Novel complement inhibitors offer potential advantages, yet comprehensive evidence comparing their efficacy and safety is limited. This protocol elaborates the systematic review plans to evaluate the effectiveness and the drug safety of complement inhibitors in aHUS.

Methods
A systematic search will be conducted across PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus to identify relevant studies. Eligible studies include randomised controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies and case series with at least three aHUS patients treated with novel complement inhibitors. Two independent reviewers will perform data extraction and quality assessment using standardised tools, including the Risk of Bias Tool 2 for RCTs and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. A meta-analysis will be conducted if feasible, utilising a random-effects model to account for study heterogeneity.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval is not required as only previously published data will be used. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and conferences, targeting healthcare professionals and policymakers to support evidence-based decision-making in aHUS management.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42025629879.

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic had detrimental effects on routine health and social care as countries instituted widespread public health measures to control transmission of SARS-CoV-2. This affected care delivery for many chronic and non-communicable diseases, including oral health and dental diseases with implications in the postpandemic period.

Objectives
This scoping review, conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Review guidelines, aims to synthesise evidence regarding the impact of COVID-19 on access to dental services among children and their implications for future models of care, especially for children from low-income families, to inform policy decision making around subsidised dental services in Australia.

Data sources
PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.

Eligibility criteria
Primary studies of any design published between 1 January 2020 and 31 July 2024. Included studies described provision of paediatric dental services, considered components of access or utilisation and were published in English. Excluded studies were those that only evaluated maxillofacial services.

Data extraction and synthesis
Data were extracted using a standardised template in MS Excel then analysed to thematically classify findings based on key areas of impact. Quality assessment of studies was not conducted.

Results
54 articles from 17 countries were included. Studies identified reductions in service availability and utilisation, including patient and parent-driven demand. Changes to the configuration of services included greater rates of emergency treatment, reductions in use of aerosol-generating procedures and more use of teledentistry, as well as self-management and prevention approaches. Substantial delays to routine dental care, leading to more dental problems and ongoing need, especially untreated dental caries, were observed with a disproportionate impact on socioeconomically disadvantaged and vulnerable children and families.

Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic has had pronounced negative effects on the provision of primary and secondary dental care for children around the world. Access to care was affected by disruptions to service availability and by changes in demand for services related to parental anxiety around the risk of COVID-19 transmission. Delays in receipt of routine dental care and changes to oral health behaviours are likely to lead to an increased need for oral health services, with service adaptations needed to ensure this increased demand can be met.

Introduction
Child maltreatment (CM) is a major public health issue with lifelong consequences on mental health, quality of life, educational and economic prospects of children who experienced CM. Early identification of maltreated children is important to prevent further CM and ensure that children’s basic needs are met, as well as to address and avoid further consequences. However, above and beyond early identification, it is crucial to avoid the occurrence of CM. This may include the reduction of risk factors at the family and community level as well as creating supportive environments for growing up safely. Therefore, we need to understand the prevention of CM conceptually and view it not only from a medical perspective, but also from a population health perspective. The aim of this scoping review is to identify and describe theories, models or frameworks on the prevention of CM from a broad population health perspective, considering primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies.

Methods and analysis
A broad search in four databases (PubMed (NIH NLM), PsycInfo (Ovid), CINAHL Plus (EBSCOhost) and Web of Science (Clarivate)) will be conducted from 2009 to current. Additionally, the grey literature on websites from key public health organisations will be considered. Results will be reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews: Checklist and Explanation (2018). The review will include articles describing a theory, model or framework on prevention strategies for CM. Studies focussing on single interventions that do not describe prevention strategies conceptually, will be excluded. General characteristics of the frameworks, theories and models and information on types of prevention strategies they describe will be extracted. Findings will be presented in a structured table format as well as narratively.

Ethics and dissemination
As we will not collect any personal, confidential or sensitive data, ethical approval is not required. We will publish our results in a scientific journal, present them at conferences and use them for further knowledge translation activities. The scoping review is registered with the Open Science framework: https://osf.io/49g7z/.

The potential benefits of AI are evident, but there is a paucity of evidence in real-world settings, supporting cautiousness in how AI is perceived (e.g., as a complementary tool, not a solution). We outline wider implications for policy and practice and summarise evidence gaps.

This Review summarizes the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of chronic myeloid leukemia.

Introduction
Despite parents’ efforts, many children have nutrient-poor diets with insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption. Parents significantly influence children’s eating habits at home through their food parenting practices. Although previous systematic reviews have explored food parenting practices, they were conducted some time ago. Therefore, it is timely to investigate the relationship between autonomy-supportive practices and fruit/vegetable consumption in children aged 2 to 12.

Methods and analysis
The systematic review and meta-analysis protocol will be conducted by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines. The databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, EMBASE, LILACS and Google Scholar will be searched with no restrictions on publication year, country or language. In addition to the databases, the search will be supplemented by manual searches of reference lists from the included articles. Studies that assess at least one parental autonomy-supportive food practice and its relationship with fruit and vegetable consumption in healthy children aged 2 to 12 years will be included. Results will be organised in tables and figures. A meta-analysis will be conducted if data availability permits. Risk of bias will be assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute tools. All steps will be conducted independently by two reviewers.

Ethics and dissemination
Findings from this review will be important for understanding the influence of parental autonomy-supportive food practices on children’s fruit and vegetable consumption, potentially informing health practices that promote healthy eating habits from childhood. No ethical approval is required for this review, and we plan to publish the findings in a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42023442680.

Introduction
A traumatic childbirth can have severe negative effects on the mental health of the mother and can negatively impact the child and partner. Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) is a psychological intervention used to treat symptoms of trauma. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines for antenatal and postnatal mental health recommend that trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy or EMDR should be offered to women who suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from a traumatic birth. However, the use of EMDR for birth trauma has not been clearly outlined in the literature.

Objectives
The aim of this scoping review is to explore the extent of the currently available research and to identify knowledge gaps in the use of EMDR for treating birth trauma.

Methods and analysis
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines will be followed to provide a comprehensive scoping review of the use of EMDR for birth trauma. Several databases will be searched, such as PsychInfo, Pubmed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus and CINAHL, from the date the database was developed, until approximately August 2026. The grey literature sources will also be searched, and searches will be limited to include studies written in the English language. Two researchers will independently screen and extract data from both quantitative and qualitative studies, which meet the inclusion criteria. Data will be analysed in a descriptive and thematic manner. Data extraction may include study characteristics, data collection procedures, outcomes and results. Findings will be presented in tabular and narrative formats.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical Approval is not necessary for this review, as only secondary data will be used. It is expected that the review will be disseminated at psychological conferences and in relevant journal articles.

Trial registration number
This scoping review protocol has been registered on Open Science Framework. The registration DOI is: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/UJZ52.

Introduction
Healthcare systems face the challenge of managing limited resources while addressing the growing demand for care and the need for equitable access. Traditional cost-effectiveness analyses focus on maximising health benefits but often fail to account for how these benefits are distributed across various populations, potentially increasing health inequities. As a result, there is increasing interest in distributional cost-effectiveness analysis (DCEA), which incorporates equity considerations by explicitly assessing how health outcomes and costs are shared among diverse populations. This scoping review explores the practical application of DCEA methodology in evaluating programs and interventions. We seek to learn more about the barriers to DCEA’s application, highlighting its practical challenges, limited use globally and the steps necessary to integrate equity more effectively into implementing and adopting programs and interventions into healthcare policy and resource allocation.

Methods and analysis
To evaluate the use of DCEA in the literature, a scoping review will follow Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses—Scoping Review Extension guidelines. Systematic searches will be performed across scientific databases (MEDLINE, SCOPUS, BASE, APA Psych and JSTOR), grey literature sources (Google Custom Search Engine), and handsearching to identify eligible articles published from January 2015 to March 2025. No limits will be placed on language. Reviewers will independently chart data from eligible studies using standardised data abstraction. The collected information will be synthesised both quantitatively and narratively.

Ethics and dissemination
Formal ethical approval is not necessary as this study will not collect primary data. The findings will be shared with professional networks, published in conference proceedings and submitted for peer-reviewed publication.

Introduction
Despite parents’ efforts, many children have nutrient-poor diets with insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption. Parents significantly influence children’s eating habits at home through their food parenting practices. Although previous systematic reviews have explored food parenting practices, they were conducted some time ago. Therefore, it is timely to investigate the relationship between autonomy-supportive practices and fruit/vegetable consumption in children aged 2 to 12.

Methods and analysis
The systematic review and meta-analysis protocol will be conducted by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines. The databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, EMBASE, LILACS and Google Scholar will be searched with no restrictions on publication year, country or language. In addition to the databases, the search will be supplemented by manual searches of reference lists from the included articles. Studies that assess at least one parental autonomy-supportive food practice and its relationship with fruit and vegetable consumption in healthy children aged 2 to 12 years will be included. Results will be organised in tables and figures. A meta-analysis will be conducted if data availability permits. Risk of bias will be assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute tools. All steps will be conducted independently by two reviewers.

Ethics and dissemination
Findings from this review will be important for understanding the influence of parental autonomy-supportive food practices on children’s fruit and vegetable consumption, potentially informing health practices that promote healthy eating habits from childhood. No ethical approval is required for this review, and we plan to publish the findings in a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42023442680.

Introduction
A traumatic childbirth can have severe negative effects on the mental health of the mother and can negatively impact the child and partner. Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) is a psychological intervention used to treat symptoms of trauma. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines for antenatal and postnatal mental health recommend that trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy or EMDR should be offered to women who suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from a traumatic birth. However, the use of EMDR for birth trauma has not been clearly outlined in the literature.

Objectives
The aim of this scoping review is to explore the extent of the currently available research and to identify knowledge gaps in the use of EMDR for treating birth trauma.

Methods and analysis
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines will be followed to provide a comprehensive scoping review of the use of EMDR for birth trauma. Several databases will be searched, such as PsychInfo, Pubmed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus and CINAHL, from the date the database was developed, until approximately August 2026. The grey literature sources will also be searched, and searches will be limited to include studies written in the English language. Two researchers will independently screen and extract data from both quantitative and qualitative studies, which meet the inclusion criteria. Data will be analysed in a descriptive and thematic manner. Data extraction may include study characteristics, data collection procedures, outcomes and results. Findings will be presented in tabular and narrative formats.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical Approval is not necessary for this review, as only secondary data will be used. It is expected that the review will be disseminated at psychological conferences and in relevant journal articles.

Trial registration number
This scoping review protocol has been registered on Open Science Framework. The registration DOI is: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/UJZ52.

Introduction
Healthcare systems face the challenge of managing limited resources while addressing the growing demand for care and the need for equitable access. Traditional cost-effectiveness analyses focus on maximising health benefits but often fail to account for how these benefits are distributed across various populations, potentially increasing health inequities. As a result, there is increasing interest in distributional cost-effectiveness analysis (DCEA), which incorporates equity considerations by explicitly assessing how health outcomes and costs are shared among diverse populations. This scoping review explores the practical application of DCEA methodology in evaluating programs and interventions. We seek to learn more about the barriers to DCEA’s application, highlighting its practical challenges, limited use globally and the steps necessary to integrate equity more effectively into implementing and adopting programs and interventions into healthcare policy and resource allocation.

Methods and analysis
To evaluate the use of DCEA in the literature, a scoping review will follow Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses—Scoping Review Extension guidelines. Systematic searches will be performed across scientific databases (MEDLINE, SCOPUS, BASE, APA Psych and JSTOR), grey literature sources (Google Custom Search Engine), and handsearching to identify eligible articles published from January 2015 to March 2025. No limits will be placed on language. Reviewers will independently chart data from eligible studies using standardised data abstraction. The collected information will be synthesised both quantitatively and narratively.

Ethics and dissemination
Formal ethical approval is not necessary as this study will not collect primary data. The findings will be shared with professional networks, published in conference proceedings and submitted for peer-reviewed publication.