Search Results for: Linee guida su HIV, epatite e malattie sessualmente trasmissibili.

Uniamo, ‘decreto Lea ancora fermo. Intanto i bambini muoiono’

This study assessed hair samples to detect fentanyl exposure among people with or at risk of HIV reporting methamphetamine use without intention to use opioids concomitantly.

Carta valoriale per chi si prende cura degli altri

Objective
To assess HIV testing and status disclosure rates and explore their associated predictors among young adolescents (10–17 years) who received health education through the Orphans and Vulnerable Children programme in Nimule, South Sudan.

Design
A pre–post evaluation study with data collected at baseline (December 2020) and at the endline (December 2022).

Setting
The study was conducted in Nimule, a densely populated periurban town characterised by high HIV prevalence and substantial cross-border movement between Uganda and South Sudan, making it a relevant setting for an HIV prevention project.

Intervention
The primary intervention was HIV risk education delivered through forty peer-led health clubs. Adolescents were screened for HIV risk factors and referred for HIV and other sexually transmitted infection testing at health facilities.

Participants
The study included young adolescents aged 10–17 years recruited from HIV-affected households within 17 neighbourhoods in Nimule periurban town. Informed consent was obtained from both caregivers and adolescents.

Primary and secondary outcome measures
The primary outcome was self-reported HIV testing and status disclosure. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between the study outcome variables and associated sociodemographic factors.

Results
A total of 557 (73.0%) of the 768 enrolled adolescents were surveyed at baseline and endline, including 301 (54.0%) females and 276 (46.0%) males. The median age was 14 years (IQR: 11–16) at baseline and 15 years (IQR: 12–17) at endline.
HIV testing increased from 315 (56.7%) at baseline to 557 (100%). The odds of undisclosed HIV status were 49% lower at endline adjusted OR (aOR) 0.51 (95% CI 0.92, 0.67; p

Objectives
Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health encompasses their physical and emotional well-being, including their ability to avoid unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortions, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and any type of sexual violence and coercion. However, these risks may be mitigated through improved knowledge, encouraging positive attitudes, and adopting better practices. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) related to HIV, STI, family planning and pregnancy among adolescents residing in rural Thatta.

Design
A cross-sectional study.

Setting
62 villages from Thatta, Gharo and Jungshahi registered under the Global Network Maternal and Newborn Health Registry in Thatta, Pakistan.

Participants
632 adolescents aged 14–19 years.

Outcome measures
The association between sociodemographic factors and KAP was assessed using a modified version of the ‘Asking Young People about Sexual and Reproductive Behaviors’ tool. Statistical analysis was performed on Stata V.15.0 using multiple linear regression.

Results
Among 632 adolescents, 82.7% were females. No significant differences were found in mean scores of knowledge and attitudes between males and females. However, a difference of 0.13 (95% CI 0.005, 0.24) in practice scores was observed. In design-based multivariable analysis, adolescents’ marital status (β 5.13; 95% CI 1.34, 8.91) and father’s occupation (β 3.41; 95% CI 0.90, 5.93) were associated with knowledge. Marital status (β 1.34; 95% CI 0.82, 1.86), household income (β –2.36; 95% CI –4.64, –0.07), father’s occupation (β –1.42; 95% CI –2.52, –0.33) and mother’s education (β –1.41; 95% CI –2.71, –0.11) were associated with attitudes. Moreover, marital status (β 0.24; 95% CI 0.06, 0.41) and mother’s occupation (β 0.64; 95% CI 0.38, 0.90) were associated with practices.

Conclusion
No differences in knowledge and attitudes between male and female adolescents were found. These findings suggest that community awareness programmes should be implemented to improve sexual and reproductive health KAP for both male and female adolescents in Thatta.

Background
Inflammation is indicated as one of the factors that play a role in the development of schizophrenia, with several studies having found considerable inconsistencies in their results. Few have investigated the role of inflammation in primary psychosis in blood and cerebrospinal fluids simultaneously, the aim of this study being to investigate the expression of blood and cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory cytokines in treatment-naive first-episode psychotic participants.

Methods and analysis
This is a combined cross-sectional and prospective observational study, which is currently taking place in Durban, South Africa, will recruit 60 participants (30 cases and 30 matched controls). The primary objective is to describe baseline CSF and longitudinal expression/levels of inflammatory cytokines in the blood in persons diagnosed with first-episode psychosis (FEP) for 12 months. The secondary objective is to describe the associations between inflammatory cytokines and psychosis severity, neurocognitive performance, antipsychotic response and metabolic changes at different time points (baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months).

Interventions
We will collect the sociodemographic details of all participants, and the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Childhood Trauma Scale, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status Update, metabolic markers and inflammatory markers (venous blood and lumbar puncture cerebrospinal fluid) for those with FEP. Data from matched controls will only be collected at one point and no follow-ups (cross-sectional).

Ethics and dissemination
The study protocol has been approved by the University of KwaZulu-Natal Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (BREC/00004714/2022). The study is nested in an ongoing study titled the burden of HIV and Psychosis in an African setting: a longitudinal study of HIV-infected and non-infected patients with First-Episode Psychosis (BREC 571/18). The results will be actively disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publications and conference presentations.

Italiano esperto di malattie invecchiamento, da 20 anni in Usa

New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 392, Issue 13, Page 1344-1345, April 3, 2025.

Al San Carlo due giorni di convegno sulle malattie respiratorie

Annals of Internal Medicine, Volume 178, Issue 4, Page JC42, April 2025.

Annals of Internal Medicine, Ahead of Print.

In Reply On behalf of my coauthors, we appreciate the Letter by Garcia-Martinez and colleagues, which was written in response to our article published in JAMA Internal Medicine. Our study used pharmacy claims data to assess the degree to which patients of different physician specialties were more or less likely to pick up their initial HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prescription across the US population.

This cohort study compares the bleeding risks among warfarin, rivaroxaban, and apixaban users in a national US cohort with atrial fibrillation and HIV.

A man taking no regular medications had 1 month of small painless facial papules progressing over 1 week to vesicles and pustules. He reported unprotected sex with multiple partners and recent exposure to a person with active tuberculosis; rapid plasma reagin titer was normal; results of HIV and fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption tests were positive. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?

Un ANSA Incontra con i ricercatori sulla ricerca di frontiera