Risultati per: GPG: Versione 5.7.5 (Novembre 2021)

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of pregnancy and associated factors among adolescent girls in Nguenyyiel Refugee Camp.

Design
Cross-sectional study was employed to conduct this study.

Setting
A community-based cross-sectional study was done in Nguenyyiel Refugee Camp.

Participants
Four hundred and fourteen adolescent girls participated in this study. The systematic random sampling technique was used to select respondents. Data were collected using a well-structured and pretested questionnaire. Pregnancy test was done using the human chorionic gonadotropin test. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was run to identify factors associated with adolescent pregnancy.

Results
The prevalence of pregnancy among adolescent girls in the Nguenyyiel Refugee Camp was 21.7% (95% CI: 17.6% to 25.6%). Factors associated with adolescent pregnancy were age (17–19 years) (AOR): 2.79; 95% CI: 1.55 to 5.05; educational status: primary education (AOR: 7.69; 95% CI: 3.55 to 16.68) and no formal education (AOR: 3.42; 95% CI: 1.59 to 7.36); and household living arrangement: living with none of the biological parents (AOR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.02 to 4.49) and living with either of the biological parent (AOR: 3.71; 95% CI: 1.76 to 7.81).

Conclusions and recommendations
This study showed that there is a high prevalence of pregnancy among adolescent girls in the study setting. Age (17–19 years), educational status and household living arrangement (living with none of the biological parents and living with either of the biological parents) were among the factors significantly associated with adolescent pregnancy. Hence, health workers and other stakeholders in the camps should focus on strengthening adolescent sexual health education giving special attention to late adolescents, uneducated and living without biological family.

Objective
With one in five children in England living with obesity, we mapped the geographical distribution and format of child weight management services provided by acute National Health Service (NHS) trusts across England, to identify breadth of service provision.

Design
A cross-sectional survey.

Setting
The survey was sent to acute NHS trusts (n=148) in England in 2020, via a freedom of information request.

Participants
Responses were received from 139 of 148 (94%) acute NHS trusts, between March 2020 to March 2021.

Outcome measures
The survey asked each acute NHS trust whether they provide a weight management service for children living with obesity. For those trusts providing a service, data were collected on eligibility criteria, funding source, personnel involved, number of new patients seen per year, intervention duration, follow-up length and outcome measures. Service characteristics were reported using descriptive statistics. Service provision was analysed in the context of ethnicity and Index of Multiple Deprivation score of the trust catchment area.

Results
From the 139 survey respondents, 23% stated that they provided a weight management service for children living with obesity. There were inequalities in the proportion of acute NHS trusts providing a service across the different regions of England, ranging from 4% (Midlands) to 36% (London). For trusts providing a service, there was variability in the number of new cases seen per year, eligibility criteria, funding source, intervention format and outcome measures collected. A multidisciplinary approach was not routinely provided, with only 41% of services reporting ≥3 different staff disciplines.

Conclusion
In 2020/2021, there were geographical inequalities in weight management service provision by acute NHS trusts for children living with obesity. Services provided lacked standardisation, did not routinely offer children multidisciplinary care and were insufficient in size to meet need.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among patients with diabetes in southern Ethiopia.

Design
Facility-based cross-sectional study.

Setting
Data collected from 1 March 2021 to 30 August 2021 at Arba Minch General Hospital.

Participants
Three hundred and sixty-five patients with diabetes attending care at Arba Minch General Hospital.

Main outcome measures
The magnitude and determinants of the MSDs.

Results
The prevalence of MSDs among patients with diabetes was 23.29% (95% CI 19.00 to 27.76). The likelihood of developing MSDs was 6.8 times higher among women than men (AOR=6.787, 95% CI 2.08 to 22.19). Rural participants were about 2.4 times (AOR=2.38, 95% CI 1.06 to 5.33) more likely to develop MSDs as compared with urban participants. Participants aged >50 years were 5.9 times more likely to develop MSDs as compared with those aged ≤50 years (AOR=5.864, 95% CI 2.663 to 12.914). The odds of developing MSDs was 6.2 times (AOR=6.247, 95% CI 1.158 to 33.702) and 5.5 times (AOR=5.451 95% CI 1.174 to 25.312) higher among participants who attended primary and secondary education as compared with those who attended college and above, respectively. Participants with cardiovascular disease were 3.9 times more likely to develop MSDs as compared with their counterparts (AOR=3.854, 95% CI 1.843 to 8.063).

Conclusions
This study showed that age, sex, educational status, place of residence and cardiovascular disease were found to be determinants of MSDs. Thus, clinical and public health interventions working on diabetes mellitus should consider these determinants.

Objective
To project future trajectories of the gastric cancer (GC) burden in China under different scenarios of GC prevention and identify strategies to improve affordability and cost-effectiveness.

Design
Using a cohort of Chinese men and women born during 1951–1980, we assumed that different prevention strategies were conducted, including eradication of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and endoscopy screening (one-time, annual, biennial, triennial or stratified according to personal risk). We performed a literature search to identify up-to-date data and populate a Markov model to project the number of new GC cases and deaths during 2021–2035, as well as resource requirements and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). We examined the impacts of general (among the whole population) and targeted (high-risk population) prevention.

Results
During 2021–2035, 10.0 million new GC cases and 5.6 million GC deaths would occur, with 7.6%–35.5% and 6.9%–44.5%, respectively, being avoidable through various prevention strategies. Relative to the status quo, Hp eradication was a cost-saving strategy. General annual screening dominated other screening strategies, but cost more than CNY 70 000 per QALY gained (willingness-to-pay) compared with Hp eradication. Among endoscopy strategies, targeted screening resulted in 44%–49% lower cost per QALY gained over the status quo than general screening. Among high-risk population, tailoring the screening frequency according to personal risk could reduce endoscopy-related resources by 22% compared with biennial screening and by 55% compared with annual screening,

Conclusion
Our findings provide important input for future decision-making and investment, highlighting the need and feasibility for China to include GC prevention in its national health plans.

Objective
To understand arrangements for healthcare organisations’ declarations of staff interest in Scotland and England in the context of current recommendations.

Design
Cross-sectional study of a random selection of National Health Service (NHS) hospital registers of interest by two independent observers in England, all NHS Boards in Scotland and a random selection of Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) in England.

Setting
NHS Trusts in England (NHSE), NHS Boards in Scotland, CCGs in England, and private healthcare organisations.

Participants
Registers of declarations of interest published in a random sample of 67 of 217 NHS Trusts, a random sample of 15 CCGs of in England, registers held by all 14 NHS Scotland Boards and a purposeful selection of private hospitals/clinics in the UK.

Main outcome measures
Adherence to NHSE guidelines on declarations of interests, and comparison in Scotland.

Results
76% of registers published by Trusts did not routinely include all declaration of interest categories recommended by NHS England. In NHS Scotland only 14% of Boards published staff registers of interest. Of these employee registers (most obtained under Freedom of Information), 27% contained substantial retractions. In England, 96% of CCGs published a Gifts and Hospitality register, with 67% of CCG staff declaration templates and 53% of governor registers containing full standard NHS England declaration categories. Single organisations often held multiple registers lacking enough information to interpret them. Only 35% of NHS Trust registers were organised to enable searching. None of the private sector organisations studied published a comparable declarations of interest register.

Conclusion
Despite efforts, the current system of declarations frequently lacks ability to meaningfully obtain complete healthcare professionals’ declaration of interests.

Objectives
With the ageing of our population, it seems plausible that the prevalence of both dementia and multimorbidity will increase in the following decades. The aim of this study is to examine the trends in prevalence and incidence of registered dementia and trends in multimorbidity in patients with dementia in general practice in Flanders.

Design
Retrospective, longitudinal cohort study.

Setting
Primary care practices across Flanders, Belgium.

Participants
Patients included in the Intego database.

Methods
Data were collected from the Intego database, a Belgian general practice registration network, from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2021. Joinpoint regression, the Cochran-Armitage test and Jonckheere-Terpstra test were used for the trend analysis.

Results
Data from 149 492 unique patients aged 65 years and older were available. From 2000 to 2021, 3835 incident cases of dementia were found. The age-adjusted prevalence of registered dementia significantly increased during this study period, from 1.19% to 2.43% (average annual percentage change (AAPC) 3.3; 95% CI 2.7 to 4.0). Incidence increased from 3.68 to 5.86 per 1000 patient years overall (AAPC 1.8, 95% CI –2.0 to 5.7), but declined in recent years (annual percentage change –8.1, 95% CI –14.8 to –0.8). Almost three-quarters of the patients with dementia (74.8%) suffered from multimorbidity (three or more comorbidities) and this increased significantly during the study period (p=0.0031). By 2021, 86.7% and 74.8% of the patients with dementia suffered from two or more or three or more chronic conditions, respectively. Hypertension (47.9%), osteoarthritis (29.7%) and lipid metabolism disorders (25.7%) were the most prevalent conditions.

Conclusions
The prevalence of registered dementia doubled over a 22-year time period, mirroring the increasing health burden by this disease globally. Furthermore, three-quarters of the patients with dementia suffered from multimorbidity, underlining the urgent need to implement comorbidity management and patient-centred care in dementia.

Circulation, Volume 146, Issue Suppl_1, Page A11426-A11426, November 8, 2022. Introduction:Timely treatment of ST elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] requires ongoing coordinated care between emergency departments, paramedics, and primary percutaneous coronary (PCI) intervention facilities.Methods:To provide a current view and a national benchmark, we examined 121,576 patient records submitted by 648 hospitals participating the GWTG-CAD registry from Q2 2018 through Q3 2021 [median age 63, women 29%, Black 11%, Hispanic 8%, admission cardiac arrest 5%, shock 7%, heart failure 7%, Covid 0.2%, presentation EMS 47%, walk in 27%, transfer 22%]Results:Reperfusion method for all patients included primary PCI 87%, fibrinolysis 5%, and no reperfusion 8% [increasing from 7 to 9% during the study period]. Median time from symptom onset to reperfusion was shortest for EMS patients 148 minutes, followed by walk-in 195 minutes, ground transferred 238 minutes, and air transferred 247 minutes. Process times did not improve during the study period. First medical contact to device times increased by 5 minutes for EMS and ground transferred patients in Q2 2020 corresponding with the pandemic onset, and adjusted mortality was significantly higher in the final 3 quarters compared to Q2 2018 [OR, 95% CI 1.28(1.07-1.53); 1.35(1.13-1.61); 1.23(1.03-1.48)]. Patients treated within guideline goals had significantly lower mortality [Figure].Conclusions:These data reaffirm the association between process times and lower mortality for STEMI patients. They also identify concerning trends and opportunities for improved care. Increasing delays in treatment, particularly for hospital transfer, greater numbers of untreated patients, and increased risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality all provide strong impetus for renewed focus on STEMI systems. Regional collaborative efforts led by coordinators and informed by a common data system have the potential to reverse these trends and improve survival.

Circulation, Volume 146, Issue Suppl_1, Page A14287-A14287, November 8, 2022. Introduction:Heart Failure (HF) is an important health care issue given its high prevalence, mortality, and cost of care. Despite numerous evidence-based strategies in the literature aiming at reducing HF readmissions, patients with HF remain at high risk for subsequent hospitalization with 20 to 25% readmitted within 30 days.Hypothesis:The UPMC Hospitalist and Cardiology leadership recognized the need to foster consistent inpatient hospitalist providers, which was lacking in the current model. The concept of a dedicated Heart Failure Hospitalist service line emerged.Methods:Patients with both primary HF: UPMC Hospitalist, Cardiologist, teaching service N= 4192 (70%); CHF hospitalist Team N=1785 (30%). Heart failure order set usage, length of stay, all-cause 30-day readmission rates, readmission with HF, cost per case were assessed between these two groups from 2018-2021.Results:All-cause 30-day HF readmission rates at UPMC (Harrisburg, West Shore, Community General Hospitals) for all providers is 21% from 2018-2021, matching the national average. HF Hospitalist team (only at Harrisburg Hospital) has consistently lower readmission rates: 9% (2018), 8.34% (2019), 8.6% (2020), 6.95% (2021). HF hospitalist length of stay was also consistently lower, by 0.5 to 0.9 days. Potential cost savings to UPMC hospitals is $1.5 million dollars since start of HF Hospitalist service line.Conclusions:Heart failure is a major health care issue. The HF Hospitalist service line was created to support an environment of patient-centered care by providing continuity of care for HF admissions and HF patients admitted for non-HF medical issues. The HF Hospitalists provide quality care with frequent daily rounding, optimization of HF medications, providing education to the patient and family to improve treatment plan adherence, as well as engaging in early discussion of palliative and hospice transition. At this community-based healthcare system, HF Hospitalist outcomes include decreasing length of stay; decreased 30 day all-cause readmission to an impressive 8.2%, and reduced 30 day HF readmissions 4.12%. This was done while reducing healthcare costs during the 4yrs of the HF Hospitalist service line at UPMC.

Circulation, Volume 146, Issue Suppl_1, Page A14349-A14349, November 8, 2022. Introduction:Diseases of despair (DoD) are a major cause of premature mortality in the United States (U.S.) and include substance use and sequela, and suicidality. How despair-related illnesses are associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and impact healthcare utilization in those with ASCVD is not established.Methods:International Classification of Diseases-10 codes were used to identify adults in the Highmark Health insurance claims database with ASCVD (composite of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, ischemic cardiomyopathy and peripheral vascular disease) from 2017-2021. In patients with ASCVD, baseline characteristics were compared between those with and without DoD. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the risk of ASCVD between those with and without DoD over 5-years of follow-up.Results:Among patients analyzed (n=983,513), 67,340 were diagnosed with ASCVD. Among those with ASCVD, 3.1% (2,059) had DoD. Those with DoD that developed ASCVD were younger (

Circulation, Volume 146, Issue Suppl_1, Page A14367-A14367, November 8, 2022. Introduction:Despite aggressive secondary prevention, a persistent risk of cardiovascular (CV) events exists among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). In addition to traditional risk factors, this residual risk results, at least in part, from persistent pro-inflammatory and metabolic contributors. This study evaluated the incidence of recurrent CV events in contemporary CV outcome trials between 2010-2021.Methods:A total of 45 randomised, controlled trials were included. Studies were categorized based on patient population and enrollment strategy into 3 groups: 1) Early post-ACS (enrolled within 72h of event), 2) late post-ACS (enrolled after 72h of event), and 3) chronic CAD or risk equivalent (type 2 diabetes or 2 or more CV risk factors). Due to a wide range of follow-up durations, data were normalized to events per 100 patient-years.Results:Follow-up duration ranged from 30 to 2957 days. Overall, recurrent CV events varied between 2% and 10%. Trials that enrolled patients within 72h of ACS demonstrated the highest risk for recurrent events with a median of 21.8 events per 100 patient-years (IQR 11.3-66.0). Patients enrolled >72h after ACS had significantly lower risk with a median of 3.4 events per 100 patient-years (IQR 2.9-4.1), likely due to a survival bias in those enrolled later after their index event. The rate of recurrent events was comparable between trials that enrolled patients 72h post-ACS and trials that enrolled patients with chronic CAD. There was no correlation between trial year and event rate.Conclusions:Despite standard of care therapy, there is a persistent residual risk of recurrent events especially early after ACS. Our study demonstrates a residual risk ranging from 3 to as high as 22 events per 100 patient-years. This risk is likely higher in a non-trial setting where medication adherence and follow-up are not strictly controlled. Novel strategies for secondary prevention comprise a major unmet need to further decrease this risk.

Circulation, Volume 146, Issue Suppl_1, Page A10477-A10477, November 8, 2022. Introduction:In 2021-22, Heart Failure (HF) guidelines endorsed quadruple therapy with beta blockers (BB),angiotensin-converting inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEi/ARB) or angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI), mineral receptor antagonists (MRA) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) as first-line medications to improve clinical outcomes. AHA 2022 HF guidelines specifically recommended SGLT2i even in patients without diabetes mellitus (DM) irrespective of left ventricular ejection fraction (HF).Hypothesis and Methods:Our analysis evaluated the hypothesis that prescription of guideline directed medical therapy (GDMT) is similar in patients with or without DM. We extracted TriNetX data for patients with HF encounters from May 2021-April 2022 in the University of Colorado health system which includes an ethnically diverse population of rural and urban residents. Patient on dialysis were excluded. GDMT use was compared by chi square.Results:Among 24890 patients with HF encounters, 9240 (37%) had reduced (HFrEF) and 8680 (35%) preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and 6970 (28%) unspecified HF. Mean age was 70+14y, 46% were female, 10% Latino in the whole cohort. Diagnosed DM was reported among 3260 (35%) with HFrEF and 3410 (39%) with HFpEF. Older drugs such as BB and ACEi/ARB were widely prescribed in both groups, particularly among patients with DM (Figure, p

This study uses employment census data to show trends in behavioral health employment during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Il convegno dell’Osservatorio nazionale nel Modenese

This narrative review discusses the implications of the 2021 updates to the World Health Organization (WHO) central nervous system (CNS) tumor classification relative to adult-type glioma diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.