Search Results for: Colite ulcerosa negli adulti: review

Annals of Internal Medicine, Ahead of Print.

Introduction
Frailty is widely acknowledged as a multidimensional construct encompassing physical, psychological and social aspects. However, the lack of consensus in defining and operationalising psychological frailty challenges the holistic approach to frailty advocated by health professionals. Consequently, there is a need to develop a comprehensive definition of psychological frailty based on contributions made by experts in the field, primarily existing frailty assessment tools. This scoping review will aim to identify the key psychological variables that are considered in frailty assessment tools used with older adults as well as to analyse how these psychological variables have been operationalised.

Methods and analysis
The study will be conducted in accordance with recommendations from several methodological frameworks for scoping reviews and will be reported following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews statement guidelines. A systematic literature search will be performed in the CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus and Web of Science databases, supplemented by a search in Google Scholar and reference lists. The focus will be on studies that describe the development of multicomponent frailty assessment tools including at least one psychological variable. Study selection and data extraction will be independently conducted by three reviewers working in pairs. Data will be presented in tabular form, and the data will be analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Ethics and dissemination
This study does not require ethical approval since it is based on secondary data analysis. The findings of the review will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and will be presented at conferences and seminars.

Trial registration number
The scoping review was registered in Open Science Framework on 29 March 2022 (https://osf.io/bn24y).

Introduction
Technologies such as health and fitness applications (apps) and wearable activity trackers have recently gained popularity and may play a key role in promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviours. Although several systematic reviews have investigated their efficacy in physical activity and sedentary behaviours, few studies have focused on their impact on work-related outcomes among workers. Here, to explore the effects of mHealth interventions designed to encourage physical activity and decrease sedentary behaviours on work-related outcomes, including absenteeism, presenteeism, productivity, work performance and workability among workers, we will conduct a systematic review based on recent articles and an extensive literature search.

Methods and analysis
The literature search will be performed using PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and the Japan Medical Abstracts Society from inception to 23 September 2023. We will select studies that (1) investigated the impact of mHealth interventions to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviours on work-related outcomes such as absenteeism, presenteeism, productivity, work performance and workability; (2) were designed as a randomised controlled trial (RCT) or non-randomised study of interventions (NRSI); (3) were conducted among workers and (4) were published as full-text original articles in Japanese or English. We will assess the review quality with the AMSTAR 2 tool. The risk of bias will be assessed with the RoB tool 2.0 and ROBINS-I.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval is unnecessary as the study will rely solely on previously published articles. The research results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.

Trial registration number
The study protocol has been registered with the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (ID=UMIN000052290).

Objectives
This scoping review maps the extant literature on students’ and graduates’ mental health experiences throughout their university-to-work transitions. The current review investigates the methodological features of the studies, the main findings, and the theories that the studies draw on to conceptualise mental health and transitions.

Design
This project used a scoping review methodology created and developed by Peters and colleagues and the Joanna Briggs Institute. The review searched academic databases and screened existing studies that met predetermined inclusion criteria.

Data sources
Seven academic databases and Google Scholar were searched with sets of search terms.

Eligibility
The included studies examined participants who were final-year university students or those who had graduated from university within a 3-year period. Studies published in English since 2000 and from any country were included. The review included studies examining the negative dimensions of mental health. The review excluded studies focusing on medical students and graduates.

Data extraction
Basic information about the studies and their findings on mental health and university-to-work transitions was retrieved. The findings are presented in tables and in a qualitative thematic summary.

Results
The scoping review included 12 studies. Mental health was often not explicitly defined and it’s theoretical foundations were not clearly articulated. The review identified factors, including a lack of social support and economic precarity, as sources of adverse mental health. Other protective factors in these studies—variables that guard against mental health problems—were identified, such as career preparedness and having a good job.

Conclusions
Despite the methodological focus on the negative aspects of mental health, people’s mental health experiences during university-to-work transitions are not uniformly negative. Clear conceptualisations of mental health in future studies will aid in developing resources to improve well-being.

Trial registration number
This scoping review adhered to a protocol previously published in this journal and that is registered on the Open Science Framework website (https://osf.io/gw86x).

Objective
To compare the efficacy and safety of different anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents combined with different delivery methods for neovascular glaucoma (NVG).

Design
Systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA).

Data sources
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, ISRCTN and Chinese databases including the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science Periodical Database (Wanfang Database), VIP Journal Integration Platform and China Biology Medicine Database were searched from inception to 5 September 2022.

Eligibility criteria
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the treatment of NVG using different anti-VEGF agents combined with various methods of drug administration, without any language limitations. All patients included underwent panretinal laser photocoagulation and there were no restrictions on prior glaucoma surgery.

Data extraction and synthesis
Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. Random-effect Bayesian NMA was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety and rank priority of anti-VEGF regimens. The source of heterogeneity and the related factors affecting the stability of the results were also explored. CINeMA (Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis) was used to assess the certainty of evidence.

Results
Our analysis included 17 RCTs involving a total of 1311 eyes from 1228 patients. We examined five different treatment regimens, which used three different anti-VEGF drugs. The following treatments showed a significant decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP) compared with the control group at 1 month after glaucoma surgery: simultaneous intravitreal and intracameral injection of conbercept (ICCIVC) (mean difference (MD)=–11.56, 95% credible interval (CrI) –20.8 to –2.24), intravitreal injection of conbercept (MD=–8.88, 95% CrI –13.93 to –3.78), intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (MD=–7.62, 95% CrI –10.91 to –4.33) and intravitreal injection of bevacizumab IVB) (MD=–5.51, 95% CrI –10.79 to –0.35). The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) analysis indicated that ICCIVC (82.0%) may be the most effective regimen in reducing IOP. In terms of safety, there were no statistically significant differences among the interventions. According to the SUCRA analysis, ICCIVC (68.0%) was considered the safest choice with the fewest complications. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses showed that mean age was the main source of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of the study results.

Conclusion
ICCIVC was more effective and safer than other anti-VEGF regimens for NVG. Simultaneous intravitreal and intracameral injection was found to be the best route of administration, and conbercept was found to be the superior drug selection when compared with ranibizumab and bevacizumab.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42022309676.

This Review summarizes the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of amyloidosis from transthyretin (ATTR) protein cardiomyopathy.

To the Editor Although the recent review of hyperthyroidism by Lee and Pearce was comprehensive, as specialists in maternal-fetal medicine, we have concerns regarding the authors’ overview of antithyroid medications during pregnancy.

To the Editor In a recent systematic review and meta-analysis, McPheeters and colleagues compared the efficacy and comparative efficacy of 9 therapies for alcohol use disorder from 118 clinical trials including 20 976 adults. The findings support the use of 50 mg/d of oral naltrexone and acamprosate as first-line pharmacotherapies for alcohol use disorder. However, I have several concerns about this article.

In Reply We agree that overt Graves disease hyperthyroidism requires treatment during pregnancy. As described in our review, risks for preeclampsia, low birth weight, miscarriage, and preterm delivery are increased without therapy, and as noted by Dr Watkins and colleagues, congenital anomaly risk is higher without treatment than when propylthiouracil is taken. For individuals who need treatment with antithyroid drugs during pregnancy, propylthiouracil is preferred over methimazole during the period of organogenesis.

The purpose of this American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute Clinical Practice Update (CPU) is to review the available evidence and provide expert advice regarding diagnosis and management of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome.

In Reply We appreciate the thoughtful letter by Dr Shi regarding our systematic review and meta-analysis of pharmacotherapies for alcohol use disorder. Regarding the meta-analyses that included multiple doses, the analyses were stratified by dose whenever possible (eg, 50-mg oral naltrexone and 100-mg oral naltrexone). More details are provided in the full evidence report.

About 6 million children in the US might be living with post–COVID-19 condition, also known as long COVID. A recent narrative review in Pediatrics parsed the existing research from the past 3 years about how long COVID presents in children and what the risk factors are for developing the condition.

Stroke, Ahead of Print. The impacts of accumulating atmospheric greenhouse gases on the earth’s climate are now well established. As a result, there have been increases in ambient temperatures and resultant higher frequency and duration of temperature extremes and other extreme weather events, which have been linked to a wide range of adverse health outcomes. This topical narrative review provides a summary of published evidence on the links between climate change and stroke. There is consistent evidence of associations between stroke incidence and mortality and increasing ambient temperature and air pollution. Associations have also been shown for changes in barometric pressure, wildfires, and desert dust and sandstorms, but current evidence is limited. Flooding and other extreme weather events appear to primarily cause service disruption, but more direct links to stroke may emerge. Synergies between dietary changes that reduce stroke risk and may also reduce carbon footprint are being explored. We also discuss the impact on vulnerable populations, proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms, mitigation strategies, and current research priorities. In conclusion, climate change increasingly impacts the stroke community, warranting elevated attention.

Remote consulting and digital triage have recently been adopted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and are changing the nature of consultations in primary care. These new modes of consultation unsettle the interaction between patient and clinician which lies at the core of general practice.Drawing on Bakhtin’s notion of language as dialogical we explore how these innovations open the consultation up to different voices and spatio-temporal arrangements.We used mixed methods to explore remote consulting and digital triage in three general practices. We undertook team ethnography over two separate weeks in each practice, complemented by go-along interviews with staff and narrative interviews with patients. We also reviewed patient records to map consultation activity over the previous two years.The findings demonstrate how digital triage and remote consulting disrupt the clinical consultation through spatio-temporal fragmentation coupled with the incorporation of multiple new voices. Before entering the consultation room, patients tell their problem(s) to receptionists and record them in online forms. Doctors review these accounts from patients (or receptionists), they liaise with colleagues about patients (in clinical meetings and triage rooms), send asynchronous text messages to patients (with or without the option to respond), and enter into synchronous conversation with patients via telephone (and sometimes face-to-face). This makes a ‘single’ consultation spatio-temporally dispersed, increasingly ‘crowded’, and ultimately more ‘heteroglossic’.We have traced how digital triage and remote consulting create and disrupt dialogue by incorporating the voices of receptionists, clinicians, technology developers and policy-makers across online and physical spaces. By unpacking how patients and doctors create meaning in a changed communicative landscape, we identify sites for potential improvement.

BackgroundThe impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on adolescent mental health has received growing attention, but the challenges that adolescents living with existing inequalities face are not well documented or addressed. Few collaborative solutions between academic and community organisations exist to recognise and address the support needs of vulnerable young people.AimThe EMPOWER-Islington Project co-created five mental health and life-skill workshops with and for young people in London Islington – a borough with high deprivation.MethodsWorkshops informed by a qualitative study of local authority-referred 14-to-25-year-olds’ (60% female) challenges and support needs during Covid-19 (Lee & Wong, under review) were uncovered by 1-on-1 semi-structured interviews (N=20) and focus groups (N=6; average group size = 2.83). The impact of the workshops on adolescents and the co-creation process are reported.ResultsThe five workshop themes included: opening up about mental health stories; body image and self-confidence; mindfulness and the arts; education and careers; and healthy routines and sleep habits. Young people provided positive feedback on workshop attendance through surveys and voice notes. Young people spoke about feeling equipped to explore different career options, developing better sleep routines, and enjoying feeding back on the end-of-project animation. However, overall attendance rate was lower than expected. We will share lessons learned, the importance of incentive, timing, and setting of the workshops.ConclusionsCollaborating with local organisations (i.e. the local council, youth centres), co-designing workshops, and involving young people opportunities to contribute to research has immediate short-term impacts for young people. Embedding young people’s voices throughout the project timeline and existing processes would be beneficial for future workshops, especially to reach young people less motivated to participate.

BackgroundRapid ethnographies (including focused, quick, rapid, and short-term, etc. ethnography) explore shared practices and meanings using a cultural lens and generate actionable findings using mostly qualitative methods in short timeframes. Despite being widely used in health and care research, rapid ethnographies are viewed by some as quick and dirty, a perspective likely sustained by their poor reporting. This study aimed to encourage consensus on the minimum criteria of reporting of rapid ethnographies.Methods100 experts were invited to take part in an online modified Delphi survey comprising three rounds. They were provided a briefing pack describing the characteristics of rapid ethnographies and areas of poor reporting identified in a prior scoping review. In Round 1, participants were asked to add to a 30-item checklist developed from the scoping review, which led to 15 new items. In Round 2 participants rated items, and in Round 3, they rated items in view of the group consensus. A meeting was then held among seven survey respondents and developers to finalise the checklist.ResultsThe modified Delphi survey achieved consensus (defined as >70% agreement to include, and