Risultati per: Follow-up ottimale dopo embolia polmonare acuta

Objective
We undertook a systematic review of strategies adopted to scale up COVID-19 testing in countries across income levels to identify successful approaches and facilitate learning.

Methods
Scholarly articles in English from PubMed, Google scholar and Google search engine describing strategies used to increase COVID-19 testing in countries were reviewed. Deductive analysis to allocate relevant text from the reviewed publications/reports to the a priori themes was done.

Main results
The review covered 32 countries, including 11 high-income, 2 upper-middle-income, 13 lower-middle-income and 6 low-income countries. Most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) increased the number of laboratories available for testing and deployed sample collection and shipment to the available laboratories. The high-income countries (HICs) that is, South Korea, Germany, Singapore and USA developed molecular diagnostics with accompanying regulatory and legislative framework adjustments to ensure the rapid development and use of the tests. HICs like South Korea leveraged existing manufacturing systems to develop tests, while the LMICs leveraged existing national disease control programmes (HIV, tuberculosis, malaria) to increase testing. Continent-wide, African Centres for Disease Control and Prevention-led collaborations increased testing across most African countries through building capacity by providing testing kits and training.

Conclusion
Strategies taken appear to reflect the existing systems or economies of scale that a particular country could leverage. LMICs, for example, drew on the infectious disease control programmes already in place to harness expertise and laboratory capacity for COVID-19 testing. There however might have been strategies adopted by other countries but were never published and thus did not appear anywhere in the searched databases.

Introduction
The use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in clinical practice has the potential to promote person-centred care and improve patients’ health-related quality of life. We aimed to develop an intervention centred around electronic PROMs (ePROMs) for systematic follow-up in patients diagnosed with breast cancer and to evaluate its feasibility.

Methods and analysis
We developed a nurse-oriented and surgeon-oriented intervention in PROMs, including (1) an education programme for nurses and surgeons; (2) administration of BREAST-Q as proactive ePROMs during follow-up in patients diagnosed with breast cancer and (3) feedback to nurses and surgeons on PROM scores and a guidance manual for healthcare practitioners. Subsequently, we designed a non-controlled feasibility evaluation on the outcomes acceptability, demand, implementation, practicality and integration. The feasibility evaluation includes qualitative ethnographic studies exploring the user perspectives of patients, nurses and surgeons and quantitative studies to explore the characteristics of the patient population regarding demographic background, response rates and response patterns. The feasibility study was initiated in September 2021, will continue until 2024 and will include approximately 900 patients. EPROMs are collected at the following assessment time points: baseline (after diagnosis, before surgery), 1-year follow-up and 3-year endpoint.

Ethics and dissemination
The study will be conducted according to the General Data Protection Regulation and the fifth version of the Helsinki Declaration. The National Committee on Health Research Ethics approved the study according to the law of the Committee § 1, part 4. All data will be anonymised before its publication. The results of the feasibility study will be published in peer-reviewed, international journals.

Annals of Internal Medicine, Volume 175, Issue 12, Page 1756-1758, December 2022.

Annals of Internal Medicine, Ahead of Print.

Introduction
Wake-up stroke (WUS) is a type of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) that occurs during sleep with unknown time of symptom onset. The best treatment is usually not suitable for WUS, as thrombolysis is usually provided to patients who had a symptomatic AIS within a definite 4.5 hours, and WUS remains a therapeutic quandary. Efforts to explore the onset time characteristics of patients who had a WUS and the risk factors affecting poor prognosis support a role for providing new insights by performing multicentre cohort study.

Methods and analysis
This multicentre, nationwide prospective registry will include 21 comprehensive stroke centres, with a goal of recruiting 550 patients who had a WUS in China. In this study, clinical data including patient’s clinical characteristics, stroke onset time, imaging findings, therapeutic interventions and prognosis (the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Score and the modified Rankin Scale Score at different time points) will be used to develop prediction models for stroke onset time and prognostic evaluation using the fast-processing of ischemic stroke software. The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors influencing prognosis, to investigate the relationship between the time when the symptoms are found and the actual onset time and to establish an artificial intelligence-based model to predict the prognosis of patients who had a WUS.

Ethics and dissemination
This study is approved by the ethics committee of Shanghai Pudong Hospital (Shanghai, China) and rest of all participating centres. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.

PROSPERO registration number
ChiCTR2100049133.

Objective
The use of maternal health services is an important indicator of maternal health and socioeconomic development. Evidence on individual-level and community-level determinants of use of maternal health services in Benishangul Gumuz Region was not well known so far. Hence, this study fills this gap.

Design
A prospective follow-up study

Setting
This study was conducted from March 2020 to January 2021 in Northwest Ethiopia.

Participants
A total of 2198 pregnant women participated in the study.

Main outcome measures
A multistage random sampling technique was used to select study subjects. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews using pretested semistructured questionnaires. Collected data were coded, cleaned and analysed using Stata software. Multilevel regression models were applied to determine individual-level and community-level factors of use of maternal health services.

Results
This study found that the proportions of women who visited recommended antenatal care (ANC), received skilled delivery care and postnatal care (PNC) were 66.1%, 58.3% and 58.6%, respectively. Being rural (adjusted OR (AOR)=3.82, 95% CI 1.35 to 10.78), having information on maternal health services (AOR=2.13, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.75), with a history of pregnancy-related problems (AOR=1.83, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.92) and women with decision-making power (AOR=1.74, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.68) were more likely to attend fourth ANC visits. Similarly, women who attended tertiary school (AOR=4.12, 95% CI 1.49 to 11.33) and who initiated the first ANC visit within 4–6 months of pregnancy (AOR=0.66, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.96) were determinants of skilled delivery care. Finally, women whose partners attended tertiary education (AOR=3.67, 95% CI 1.40 to 9.58), women with decision-making power (AOR=1.8, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.97), women who attended the fourth ANC visit (AOR=10.8, 95% CI 6.79 to 17.2), women received iron–folic acid during pregnancy (AOR=1.96, 95% CI 1.11 to 3.49) and women who received skilled delivery care (AOR=1.63, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.42) were more likely to get PNC services.

Conclusion
The proportion of women who attended ANC, received skilled delivery services and PNCs was low. Different individual-level and community-level factors that influenced the use of these services were discovered. Therefore, community-based interventions should target those identified factors to improve maternal health services.

New England Journal of Medicine, Ahead of Print.

Objectives
Eliminating mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is central to WHO’s target of reducing hepatitis B infection in children to

Introduction
The National Health Service Insight Prioritisation Programme was established to accelerate the implementation and evaluation of innovation that supports post-pandemic working. Supporting this, the Academic Health Science Network and National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration in South London are testing and evaluating the implementation and scale-up of a type 2 diabetes (T2D) intervention.
T2D is estimated to be three times more prevalent in UK African and Caribbean communities than in white Europeans. To tackle ethnic inequities in T2D healthcare access, an evidence-based, culturally tailored self-management and education programme for African and Caribbean adults (Healthy Eating & Active Lifestyles for Diabetes, HEAL-D) has been codeveloped with people with lived experience. Initially a face-to-face programme, HEAL-D pivoted to virtual delivery in response to COVID-19.
The purpose of this study is to explore the (1) feasibility and acceptability of a virtual delivery model for HEAL-D in south London and (2) factors affecting its scale-up across other areas in England.

Methods and analysis
The study will have two strands: (1) mixed-methods prospective evaluation of HEAL-D virtual delivery in south London using routinely collected service-level data, service delivery staff and service user interviews and observations; and (2) prospective qualitative study of the scale-up of this virtual delivery comprising interviews and focus groups with members of the public, and diabetes services commissioners and providers across England. Qualitative data will be analysed using thematic analysis. Quantitative analysis will use descriptive statistics and reporting summary tables and figures. The study will be grounded in well-established implementation frameworks and service user involvement.

Ethics and dissemination
‘Minimal Risk Registration’ ethical clearance was granted by King’s College London’s Research Ethics Office (ref: MRA-21/22-28498). Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and summaries provided to the study funders and participants.

We read with interest the recent paper by Cannatelli et al1 describing the adverse events (AEs) following COVID-19 vaccination from a large inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cohort, which showed that patients with IBD had a similar rate of reported AEs to the general population but with a slightly higher rate of self-limiting gastrointestinal symptoms. However, the effects of COVID-19 vaccine on IBD activity, particularly severe flare resulting in hospitalisation and the interplay with the use of immunotherapy remain unknown. To address these questions, we analysed the territory-wide electronic medical records with vaccination linkage database in Hong Kong2–7 to examine the association between BNT162b2 vaccination and IBD flare. From 4 161 762 patient records with affirmed vaccination status between 6 March 2021 and 30 September 2021, we identified 941 patients with IBD with two completed doses of BNT162b2,…

This nonrandomized clinical trial examines toxic effects of treatment with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy in a large cohort from a Canadian population-based, provincial cancer program.

Circulation, Volume 146, Issue Suppl_1, Page A15218-A15218, November 8, 2022. Background:Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is most commonly caused by the infiltration of misfolded amyloid transthyretin (ATTR) or light chain (AL) molecules in the myocardium. The workup for CA requires serum assessment to exclude the rapidly progressive AL subtype before imaging to assess the more common and indolent ATTR form. The diagnostic algorithm has the potential to become complex as in this case about a woman with Sjogren’s syndrome which predisposes to plasma cell dyscrasias.Case:A 68-year-old female with congenital long QT syndrome requiring implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), bilateral carpal tunnel, and recent diagnosis of Sjogren’s syndrome was found to have new systolic heart failure during workup for interstitial lung disease. Labs revealed pancytopenia, abnormal kappa/lambda ratio (2.25), and polyclonal gammopathy on immunofixation. Echocardiogram showed moderately reduced systolic function with an ejection fraction of 35-40% and moderate concentric left ventricular hypertrophy.Decision-making:Cardiology obtained cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) that returned indeterminate due to ICD artifact. Hematology performed a bone marrow biopsy that was negative for plasma cell dyscrasia, though stained positive for amyloid on congo red with mass spectrometry revealing the valine 142 isoleucine (Val142Ile) amino acid substitution consistent with hereditary ATTR-CA. To definitively assess for endomyocardial ATTR involvement the patient was sent for cardiac scintigraphy using 99mTc-labeled pyrophosphate which returned negative with a cardiac to contralateral lung uptake ratio of 1.001 and visual grade of 0. With suspicion still high, an endomyocardial biopsy was pursued and stained positive for congo red with mass spectrometry confirming hereditary Val142Ile ATTR-CA, allowing for tafamidis initiation.Conclusion:We present a complex diagnostic case of ATTR amyloid in a patient who is at high risk for plasma cell dyscrasias with an abnormal kappa/lambda ratio, non-diagnostic CMR, and negative nuclear scan. Despite significant advances in imaging techniques allowing for less invasive diagnostics, this case highlights the role of endomyocardial biopsy in complicated cases.

Circulation, Volume 146, Issue Suppl_1, Page A11762-A11762, November 8, 2022. Background:Considering a paucity of pooled data on the influence of Body Mass Index (BMI) on long-term cardiac outcomes in individuals with Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy(HOCM), we conducted this systematic review.Methods:PUBMED, Scopus, EMBASE and Google Scholar were used to screen studies reporting Mortality/Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) and Sudden Cardiac Death(SCD) among obese vs nonobese HOCM patients. Pooled odds ratios(OR) and heterogeneity were assessed with random-effects models and I2statistics. Subgroup analysis was performed to assess the risk by study type, sample size, country and procedure. The leave-one-study-out method was used for sensitivity analysis.Results:Of the 178 titles screened, we included 13 studies published between 2016-2022 with a total of 2,409,397 HOCM patients followed for a median of 6 years (1.8-8.2 year range). The sample had a higher proportion of males (61.33%) with a mean age of 56.3 years (37-78 year range). The unadjusted [OR=1.55(1.09-2.21), I2=96%] and adjusted [OR=1.28 (1.06-1.54), I2=82.7%] pooled odds of all-cause mortality were significantly higher with increased BMI. On subgroup analyses, prospective studies showed higher odds [n=3, 1.79 (1.23-2.6), p=1000:OR=1.39(1.24-1.57)] but lower sample sizes from other countries [n

Circulation, Volume 146, Issue Suppl_1, Page A11732-A11732, November 8, 2022. Introduction:Recent data shows that when adults are discharged after hospitalization for acute heart failure (HF), a clinic follow up with either cardiology or general medicine within 7 days results in significantly lower chances of 30 day readmissions. We sought to analyze the trends of clinic follow up after acute HF hospitalization and the associated barriers and facilitators at our safety net hospital.Methods:Data was extracted from the electronic medical records using ICD 9,10 codes for acute HF admissions between Jan 2019 and Dec 2021. Quarterly trends of rates of clinic follow up were analyzed over the past 3 years; t-test was used to assess for statistical significance. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to test the association between patient level factors and clinic follow up after adjusting for sociodemographic factors. A p value < 0.05 was used to establish significance.Results:Of 1,037 patients admitted for acute HF between 2019-2021, 29.5% were 65 years or older, 64.7% were males, 48.7% were Black and 16.6% were uninsured. Only 8% and 23.1% had a 7 and 14 day clinic follow up respectively. Of those with scheduled follow up 65% and 56% showed up to their appointments at 7 and 14 days respectively. Overtime we noted an increase in the proportion of encounters with a 7 day follow up although the effective follow up (after accounting for no-shows) remained unchanged. Patients that had an inpatient cardiology consult had higher odds of getting a 7 day follow up (OR=1.42, p value = 0.001) after adjusting for age, gender, insurance status and race (black > white, OR = 1.34, p

Circulation, Volume 146, Issue Suppl_1, Page A10067-A10067, November 8, 2022. Introduction:Preeclampsia is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), and follow-up in women for CVD prevention is essential. We examined racial differences in follow-up with primary or cardiology care and assessed if social factors modified that association.Methods:We conducted our analysis in an administrative database (Optum’s de-identified Clinformatics® Data Mart) and identified women with preeclampsia diagnosed from 9/2014-9/2019. Odds of a follow-up visit with a primary care provider or cardiologist within 6 months after delivery were compared among Black versus White women using multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for age, comorbidities (by Elixhauser score), income, education, insurance type, and number of adults per household. We examined the effect modification of education and income on follow-up by race. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to compare time to follow-up.Results:Of 22,887 women with a diagnosis of preeclampsia (age 31.7±5.6 years), 2,736 (12.0%) were identified as Black race and 3440 (15.0%) Hispanic. Education, income, and comorbidities differed by race and ethnicity. Black women had lower odds of follow-up with a primary care provider or cardiologist within 6 months after delivery: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78-0.92] compared with White women and were 13% less likely to have follow-up in adjusted time to event models. Hispanic women also had lower odds of follow-up: aOR 0.84 [95% CI 0.78-0.91] and were 12% less likely to have follow-up compared with white women. There was an effect modification of education by race on follow-up (p for interaction=0.001), but not income (p for interaction=0.14).Conclusions:Black and Hispanic women have decreased odds of follow-up with a primary care provider or cardiologist than White women in the 6 months postpartum, a disparity that may be modified by socioeconomic factors. Improving follow-up care for Black women, particularly those with less than a college-level education, may enhance CVD prevention.

Circulation, Volume 146, Issue Suppl_1, Page A10049-A10049, November 8, 2022. Introduction:Telemedicine offers considerable opportunities to bring high-quality cardiovascular care. Its role in the ischemic-heart disease continuum in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) has not been previously evaluated.Hypothesis:Virtual visits (VV) can be used as an alternative to in-person (IV) follow-up office visits in patients with ACS.Methods:418 patients undergoing angiography for ACS (104 STEMI/314 NSTEMI) were randomized to follow-up via VV (n=208) using a free patient commercial platform or IV (n=210) between February and December 2020. Primary endpoints included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 1,6 and12 months and 1-year all-cause mortality. Secondary endpoints included 1-year adherence to guideline based-medical therapy including LDL-c < 70 mg/dl, dual antiplatelet therapy, beta-blockers, ACE/ARB/ARNI, Aldosterone antagonists for patients with EF