Association of HIV and HCV Infection With Carotid Artery Plaque Echomorphology in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study

Stroke, Ahead of Print. BACKGROUND:HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are associated with increased risk of carotid artery atherosclerotic plaque and stroke. We examined associations of HIV- and HCV-related factors with echomorphologic features of carotid artery plaque.METHODS:This cross-sectional study included participants from the MACS (Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study)/WIHS (Women’s Interagency HIV Study) Combined Cohort Study who underwent high-resolution B-mode carotid artery ultrasound. Plaques were characterized from 6 areas of the right carotid artery. Poisson regression controlling for demographic and cardiometabolic risk factors determined adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% CIs for associations of HIV- and HCV-related factors with echomorphologic features.RESULTS:Of 2655 participants (65% women, median age 44 [interquartile range, 37–50] years), 1845 (70%) were living with HIV, 600 (23%) were living with HCV, and 425 (16%) had carotid plaque. There were 191 plaques identified in 129 (11%) women with HIV, 51 plaques in 32 (7%) women without HIV, 248 plaques in 171 (28%) men with HIV, and 139 plaques in 93 (29%) men without HIV. Adjusted analyses showed that people with HIV and current CD4+count

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Febbraio 2024

Abstract 13912: Insights From a Multi-Center Consortium for HCV-Viremic Donor Heart Transplant: Outcomes Are Excellent Across Regimens Often Without Major Changes to Statin or PPI

Circulation, Volume 148, Issue Suppl_1, Page A13912-A13912, November 6, 2023. Introduction:With the availability of pangenotypic direct-acting antivirals (DAA) for facile, curative treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, HCV-viremic donors are utilized regularly to partially address the shortage of suitable organs for heart transplant (HT). This multi-center, retrospective registry characterized HT outcomes from HCV-positive donors.Methods:Of 138 isolated HT recipients from 8 sites across the US, the most common DAAs were the pangenotypic antiviral combinations sofosbuvir-velpatasvir (SOF/VEL, n=39) and glecaprevir-pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB, n=76); these 115 cases were analyzed in terms of primary graft dysfunction (PGD), episodes of rejection ≥ pAMR1 and/or Grade 2R, post-transplant infection, sustained virologic response at 12 weeks post-treatment (SVR12), and survival up to 1 year.Results:Comparing these two most common pangenotypic regimens, HT recipients differed in their listing status (p

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Novembre 2023

Enolase: a metabolic checkpoint behind diverse exhaustion stages of CD8+ T cells in chronic HBV and HCV

Resolving chronic hepatic infections caused by hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) could be realised through two primary approaches: direct targeting of the virus or enhancement of the immune response, encompassing antiviral and immune-based therapies, respectively. Although direct-acting antiviral (DAA) medications exhibit remarkable efficacy in curing chronic HCV infection, the current approach to treating chronic HBV infection relies on long-term administration of nucleos(t)ide analogues, which inhibits viral replication but falls short of resolving the infection.1 The importance of functional virus-specific T cells in clearing HBV and HCV infections is suggested by the contrasting levels of virus-specific T cell immunity observed between individuals who successfully recover from acute hepatic viral infections and those who experience prolonged chronic infections. Chronic HBV and HCV infections manifest with diminished quantities of virus-specific T cells, which exhibit signs of exhaustion and functional impairment. The enhancement of virus-specific T cell functionality…

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Settembre 2023