Search Results for: Sarcopenia

Objectives
To determine the association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with the incidence of sarcopenia.

Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational clinical studies.

Setting and participants
Adults with NAFLD.

Methods
Databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science were searched for eligible studies published from the inception of each database up to 4 April 2023. All cross-sectional studies on the association between NAFLD and sarcopenia were included in this study. The quality of the included studies and risk of bias was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality checklist. STATA V.15.1 software was used for statistical analysis.

Results
Of the 1524 retrieved articles, 24 were included in this review, involving 88 609 participants. Our findings showed that the prevalence of sarcopenia was higher in the NAFLD group than in the control group (pooled OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.17). In a subgroup analysis by region, patients with NAFLD showed an increased risk of sarcopenia (pooled OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.54 to 2.51) in the Asian group, whereas patients with NAFLD had no statistically significant association with the risk of sarcopenia in the American and European groups, with a pooled OR of 1.31 (95% CI 0.71 to 2.40) for the American group and a pooled OR of 0.99 (95% CI 0.21 to 4.69) for the European group. Similar results were observed in the sensitivity analysis, and no evidence of publication bias was observed.

Conclusions and implications
The current study indicated a significant positive correlation between NAFLD and sarcopenia, which may be affected by regional factors. This study provides the correlation basis for the relationship between NAFLD and sarcopenia and helps to find the quality strategy of sarcopenia targeting NAFLD.

Background
Dysphagia, particularly sarcopenic dysphagia, is frequent in frail older patients. Sarcopenic dysphagia is a swallowing disorder caused by sarcopenia, corresponding to a loss of muscle mass and strength. It frequently leads to inhalation and to the decrease of food intake, leading the patient to enter a vicious circle of chronic malnutrition and frailty. The awareness of the major health impacts of sarcopenic dysphagia is recent, explaining a low rate of screening in the population at risk. In this context, methods of prevention, evaluation and intervention of sarcopenic dysphagia adapted to the most at-risk population are necessary.

Methods
The DYSPHAGING (dysphagia & aging) pilot study is a prospective, multicentre, non-comparative study aiming to estimate the feasibility of an intervention on allied health professionals using the DYSPHAGING educational sheet designed to implement a two-step procedure ‘screen–prevent’ to mitigate swallowing disorders related to sarcopenic dysphagia. After obtaining oral consent, patients are screened using Eating Assessment Tool-10 Score. In case of a score≥2, procedures including positional manoeuvres during mealtimes, food and texture adaptation should be implemented. The primary endpoint of the study is the feasibility of this two-step procedure (screening–prevention measures) in the first 3 days after patient’s consent.
The study will include 102 patients, with an expected 10% rate of non-analysable patients. Participants will be recruited from acute geriatric wards, rehabilitation centres and long-term care units, with the hypothesis to reach a feasibility rate of 50% and reject a rate lower than 35%.

Ethics and dissemination
The study protocol was approved according to French legislation (CPP Ile-de-France VII) on 15 February 2023. The results of the primary and secondary objectives will be published in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number
NCT05734586.

Objectives
There are limited data on the relationship between sleep duration and possible sarcopenia. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the associations of sleep duration with possible sarcopenia and its defining components based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).

Design
A retrospective cohort study.

Setting
This study was conducted on participants aged over 45 years applying the 2011 baseline and 2015 follow-up survey from CHARLS covering 450 villages, 150 counties and 28 provinces.

Participants
Data from 5036 individuals (2568 men and 2468 women) free of possible sarcopenia at baseline were analysed.

Primary and secondary outcome measures
The dose-response relationship between sleep duration and possible sarcopenia.

Results
During 4 years of follow-up, 964 (19.14%) participants developed possible sarcopenia. Compared with participants who slept 6–8 hours per night, those with shorter sleep duration (8 hours per night) was not significantly associated with incident possible sarcopenia. The plots of restricted cubic splines exhibited an atypical inverse J-shaped association between sleep duration and possible sarcopenia. Subgroup analysis showed a stronger association between sleep duration and possible sarcopenia in participants aged 45–59 years and composed of male populations.

Conclusions
Short sleep duration was a potential risk factor for possible sarcopenia and low handgrip strength. The improvement of sleep duration should be considered a target in early preventive and administrative strategies against the development of handgrip strength decline and further reduced the occurrence of sarcopenia.

Objective
This review aims to provide an estimate of sarcopenia prevalence and its impact on clinical characteristics in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources
Embase, Medline, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systemically searched from inception to 24 May 2023.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies
We included observational studies that reported the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with SSc.

Data extraction and synthesis
Two reviewers independently performed study selection and data extraction using standardised methods. Risk of bias was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Scale and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was conducted using random effects models.

Results
A total of 4583 articles were screened and 9 studies with data from 815 patients were included in the analysis (8 cross-sectional studies and 1 retrospective cohort study). The overall prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with SSc was 22% (95% CI 17% to 28%). Patients with SSc with sarcopenia had a poorer quality of life (mean difference –12.02; 95% CI –19.11 to –4.93) and higher C reactive protein (CRP) levels (standardised mean difference 0.67; 95% CI 0.35 to 1.00).

Conclusions
Sarcopenia is common in patients with SSc. Patients with SSc with sarcopenia had a worse quality of life and higher CRP levels, based on our findings. Given the detrimental impact of sarcopenia on quality of life, future efforts aimed at early identification of sarcopenia in the clinical assessment of patients with SSc may have significance.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42022368326.

Introduction
Sarcopenia is the age-associated loss of muscle mass and strength. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) plays a central role in both mitochondrial function and cellular ageing processes implicated in sarcopenia. NAD concentrations are low in older people with sarcopenia, and increasing skeletal muscle NAD concentrations may offer a novel therapy for this condition. Acipimox is a licensed lipid-lowering agent known to act as an NAD precursor. This open-label, uncontrolled, before-and-after proof-of-concept experimental medicine study will test whether daily supplementation with acipimox improves skeletal muscle NAD concentrations.

Methods and analysis
Sixteen participants aged 65 and over with probable sarcopenia will receive acipimox 250 mg and aspirin 75 mg orally daily for 4 weeks, with the frequency of acipimox administration being dependent on renal function. Muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis and MRI scanning of the lower leg will be performed at baseline before starting acipimox and after 3 weeks of treatment. Adverse events will be recorded for the duration of the trial. The primary outcome, analysed in a per-protocol population, is the change in skeletal muscle NAD concentration between baseline and follow-up. Secondary outcomes include changes in phosphocreatine recovery rate by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy, changes in physical performance and daily activity (handgrip strength, 4 m walk and 7-day accelerometry), changes in skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory function, changes in skeletal muscle mitochondrial DNA copy number and changes in NAD concentrations in whole blood as a putative biomarker for future participant selection.

Ethics and dissemination
The trial is approved by the UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (EuDRACT 2021-000993-28) and UK Health Research Authority and Northeast – Tyne and Wear South Research Ethics Committee (IRAS 293565). Results will be made available to participants, their families, patients with sarcopenia, the public, regional and national clinical teams, and the international scientific community.

Protocol
Acipimox feasibility study Clinical Trial Protocol V.2 2/11/21.

Trial registration number
The ISRCTN trial database (ISRCTN87404878).

Objectives
The association between sarcopenia severity and fall history remains under-researched at present. Accordingly, this study was developed to evaluate the relationship between sarcopenic status and prior fall events in a multiethnic group of older community-dwelling adults in Western China.

Design
A retrospective survey study, the data comes from the West China Health and Aging Trend study.

Setting
The study was based in Western China.

Participants
In total, this retrospective analysis incorporated data from 2719 older adults (59.2% women).

Primary and secondary outcome measures
Grip strength, gait speed and skeletal muscle mass index values were analysed for all participants, and the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2014 and 2019 consensus criteria were leveraged to assess sarcopenia status in these individuals. Prior fall history was defined by any incidents in which an individual unintentionally came to rest on the floor within the past year. The association between sarcopenia status and fall history was examined through a binary logistic regression approach, with p

Introduction
Patients with end-stage liver disease awaiting orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) are generally classified as frail due to disease-related malnutrition and a progressive decline in musculoskeletal and aerobic fitness, which is associated with poor pre-OLT, peri-OLT and post-OLT outcomes. However, frailty in these patients may be reversable with adequate exercise and nutritional interventions.

Methods and analysis
Non-randomised clinical trial evaluating the effect of a home-based bimodal lifestyle programme in unfit patients with a preoperative oxygen uptake (VO2) at the ventilatory anaerobic threshold ≤13 mL/kg/min and/or VO2 at peak exercise ≤18 mL/kg/min listed for OLT at the University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG). The programme is patient tailored and comprises high-intensity interval and endurance training, and functional exercises three times per week, combined with nutritional support. Patients will go through two training periods, each lasting 6 weeks.
The primary outcome of this study is the impact of the programme on patients’ aerobic fitness after the first study period. Secondary outcomes include aerobic capacity after the second study period, changes in sarcopenia, anthropometry, functional mobility, perceived quality of life and fatigue, incidence of hepatic encephalopathy and microbiome composition. Moreover, number and reasons of intercurrent hospitalisations during the study and postoperative outcomes up to 12 months post OLT will be recorded. Finally, feasibility of the programme will be assessed by monitoring the participation rate and reasons for non-participation, number and severity of adverse events, and dropout rate and reasons for dropout.

Ethics and dissemination
This study was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the UMCG (registration number NL83612.042.23, August 2023) and is registered in the Clinicaltrials.gov register (NCT05853484). Good Clinical Practice guidelines and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki will be applied. Results of this study will be submitted for presentation at (inter)national congresses and publication in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number
NCT05853484.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can impact patients’ nutritional status. Poor oral intake, poor nutrient absorption, stool protein loss, and increased energy requirement all contribute. Poor nutritional status can manifest as inadequate growth, reduced weight gain, and sarcopenia, defined as decreased muscle mass and strength. Studies demonstrate decreased muscle mass in pediatric IBD patients leads to higher rates of therapy escalation, surgery, and post-operative complications. We sought to obtain the muscle mass at IBD diagnosis via cross-sectional imaging, compare to pediatric age- and sex-specific psoas muscle reference values for pediatric norms, and analyze muscle mass comparison between IBD subtypes and correlations with anthropometrics at diagnosis.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition that may result in malnutrition and alteration of body composition, such as the development of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is a known component of frailty, which is a driver of poor health outcomes and a significant independent predictor of mortality in patients with IBD. The purpose of this study was to determine whether grip strength, as a predictor of sarcopenia and frailty, is associated with clinical symptoms, endoscopic disease activity and disease-related disability in patients with IBD.

Introduction
Sarcopenia is characterised by age-related loss of skeletal muscle and function and is associated with risks of adverse outcomes. The prevalence of sarcopenia increases due to ageing population and effective interventions is in need. Previous studies showed that β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplement and vibration treatment (VT) enhanced muscle quality, while the coapplication of the two interventions had further improved muscle mass and function in sarcopenic mice model. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of this combination treatment in combating sarcopenia in older people. The findings of this study will demonstrate the effect of combination treatment as an alternative for managing sarcopenia.

Methods and analysis
In this single-blinded randomised controlled trial, subjects will be screened based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 definition. 200 subjects who are aged 65 or above and identified sarcopenic according to the AWGS algorithm will be recruited. They will be randomised to one of the following four groups: (1) Control+ONS; (2) HMB+ONS; (3) VT+ONS and (4) HMB+VT + ONS, where ONS stands for oral nutritional supplement. ONS will be taken in the form of protein formular once/day; HMB supplements will be 3 g/day; VT (35 Hz, 0.3 g, where g=gravitational acceleration) will be received for 20 mins/day and at least 3 days/week. The primary outcome assessments are muscle strength and function. Subjects will be assessed at baseline, 3-month and 6-month post treatment.

Ethics and dissemination
This study was approved by Joint CUHK-NTEC (The Chinese University of Hong Kong and New Territories East Cluster) Clinical Research Management Office (Ref: CRE-2022.223-T) and conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki. Trial results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at academic conferences.

Trial registration number
NCT05525039.

Objective
Protein–energy malnutrition and the subsequent muscle wasting (sarcopenia) are common ageing complications. It is knowing to be also associated with dementia. Our programme will test the cytoprotective functions of vitamin E combined with the cortisol-lowering effect of chocolate polyphenols (PP), in combination with muscle anabolic effect of adequate dietary protein intake and physical exercise to prevent the age-dependent decline of muscle mass and its key underpinning mechanisms including mitochondrial function, and nutrient metabolism in muscle in the elderly.

Methods and analysis
In 2020, a 6-month double-blind randomised controlled trial in 75 predementia older people was launched to prevent muscle mass loss, in respond to the ‘Joint Programming Initiative A healthy diet for a healthy life’. In the run-in phase, participants will be stabilised on a protein-rich diet (0.9–1.0 g protein/kg ideal body weight/day) and physical exercise programme (high-intensity interval training specifically developed for these subjects). Subsequently, they will be randomised into three groups (1:1:1). The study arms will have a similar isocaloric diet and follow a similar physical exercise programme. Control group (n=25) will maintain the baseline diet; intervention groups will consume either 30 g/day of dark chocolate containing 500 mg total PP (corresponding to 60 mg epicatechin) and 100 mg vitamin E (as RRR-alpha-tocopherol) (n=25); or the high polyphenol chocolate without additional vitamin E (n=25). Muscle mass will be the primary endpoint. Other outcomes are neurocognitive status and previously identified biomolecular indices of frailty in predementia patients. Muscle biopsies will be collected to assess myocyte contraction and mitochondrial metabolism. Blood and plasma samples will be analysed for laboratory endpoints including nutrition metabolism and omics.

Ethics and dissemination
All the ethical and regulatory approvals have been obtained by the ethical committees of the Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona with respect to scientific content and compliance with applicable research and human subjects’ regulation. Given the broader interest of the society toward undernutrition in the elderly, we identify four main target audiences for our research activity: national and local health systems, both internal and external to the project; targeted population (the elderly); general public; and academia. These activities include scientific workshops, public health awareness campaigns, project dedicated website and publication is scientific peer-review journals.

Trial registration number
NCT05343611.

Objectives
This study aims to explore the possible association between dietary knowledge and muscle mass in a Chinese population aged 60 years and above.

Design
Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.

Setting
Data from the 2006 and 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were used for this study.

Participants
A total of 1487 Chinese participants (44.38% males) aged 60 and above in the 2006 survey were included in the cross-sectional study. From the same study population, a total of 1023 participants (46.82% males) with normal muscle mass on the interview date of 2006 were included in the longitudinal study.

Outcome measures
Dietary knowledge was accessed by a validated CHNS questionnaire. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was calculated using a validated anthropometric equation derived from a representative Chinese population. Based on the 2021 Chinese consensus on sarcopenia, the appendicular skeletal muscle mass was categorised as ‘normal’ or ‘low’ using sex-specific cut-off values.

Results
The prevalence of low muscle mass in the study population was 31.20%, with a higher prevalence in females (34.22%). People with low muscle mass have a significantly lower dietary knowledge score (mean difference: –1.74, 95% CI –2.20 to –1.29). In the cross-sectional analysis, one score higher in dietary knowledge score was associated with a 4% lower odds of low muscle mass (OR=0.96, 95% CI 0.93 to 0.99). Compared with people in the lowest quartile of dietary knowledge, people in the highest quartile have a 44% lower odds of low muscle mass (OR=0.56, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.91). In the longitudinal analysis, no significant association was found between dietary knowledge and low muscle mass, yet the upper 95% CI was close to one (HR=0.97, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.01).

Conclusions
Sufficient dietary knowledge may play a protective role in maintaining normal muscle mass in Chinese adults aged 60 or above.

Circulation, Volume 148, Issue Suppl_1, Page A18222-A18222, November 6, 2023. Introduction:Mitochondria play a vital role in cellular metabolism and energetics and support cardiac function. FAM210A (family with sequence similarity 210 member A) is a novel hub gene in mouse cardiac remodeling. Human FAM210A mutations are associated with sarcopenia. However, the physiological and molecular function of FAM210A remain elusive in the heart.Hypothesis:We aim to determine the biological and molecular mechanism of FAM210A in regulating mitochondrial function and cardiac health.Methods and Results:Tamoxifen-induced conditional knockout ofFam210ain mouse cardiomyocytes (CMs) induced progressive dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure (HF), ultimately causing mortality. Fam210a deficient CMs exhibit severe mitochondrial morphological disruption and functional decline accompanied by myofilament disarray at the late stage of cardiomyopathy. Moreover, we observed increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, disturbed mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced respiratory activity in CMs at the early stage before contractile dysfunction and HF. Multi-omics analyses indicate that FAM210A deficiency persistently activates integrated stress response (ISR), resulting in transcriptomic, translatomic, proteomic, and metabolomic reprogramming, ultimately leading to pathogenic progression of HF. Mechanistically, mitochondrial polysome profiling analysis shows that FAM210A loss of function compromises mitochondrial mRNA translation and leads to reduced mitochondrial encoded proteins, followed by disrupted proteostasis. We observed decreased FAM210A protein expression in human ischemic heart failure and mouse myocardial infarction tissue samples. To further corroborate FAM210A function in the heart, AAV9-mediated overexpression of FAM210A promotes mitochondrial-encoded protein expression, improves cardiac mitochondrial function, and partially rescues murine hearts from cardiac remodeling and damage in ischemia-induced HF.Conclusions:These results suggest that FAM210A is a mitochondrial translation regulator to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and normal CM contractile function. This study also offers a new therapeutic target for treating ischemic heart disease.

Circulation, Volume 148, Issue Suppl_1, Page A16118-A16118, November 6, 2023. Introduction:Aging is the leading risk factor for multiple chronic diseases especially cardio and cerebrovascular and for a decline in physical and mental function. Progressive stiffening arterial wall, cognitive impairment and sarcopenia are hallmarks of aging. Due to the pleiotropic actions that have been discovered in vitamin D (VD), which include vascular ,muscular and cognitive effects, we hypothesized that VD3 supplementation might decrease vascular stiffness and could have beneficial effect on mental status and sarcopenia in a frailty elderly population.Methods:We randomized 42 residents (78±6.5 yo; 24 females) from a public geriatric institution, to receive either 100,000 IU of VD3 or placebo (P) every 15 days for 6 months. Arterial stiffness (AS) was evaluated through central systolic pressure (cSYS), central pulse pressure (cPP), and the augmentation index (AIx) a measure of systemic AS derived from the ascending aortic pressure waveform; using Uscom® device. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Clock-Drawing Test (CDT), which is simple and effective for this population. Skeletal muscle strength/sarcopenia, were assess with the up and go test (UGT), muscle strength with hydraulic dynamometer, body mass index (BMI) and mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) test.Results:VD group showed a statistically significant decrease in AS vs P. VD Δ cSYS -12.3 mmHg, Δ cPP -6.7 mmHg mmHg and Δ AIx -17.8 %, for all three parameters: p