Risultati per: Come stress e attacchi di cuore sono collegati

Objectives
Understanding the pathway by which neighbourhood factors influence glycaemic control may be crucial to addressing health disparities in diabetes. This study aimed to examine if the pathway between neighbourhood factors and glycaemic control is mediated by stress.

Design
Structured equation modelling (SEM) was used to investigate direct and indirect effects in the relationship between neighbourhood factors, stress and glycaemic control, with standardised estimates to allow comparison of paths.

Participants
Data was obtained from 615 adults with type 2 diabetes in the Southeastern United States.

Primary and secondary outcome measures
The primary outcome variable was glycaemic control determined by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) within the prior 6 months. Neighbourhood factors included neighbourhood violence, aesthetic quality of the neighbourhood, access to healthy food, and social cohesion. Stress was measured using the perceived stress scale.

Results
In the final model (2(158)=406.97, p

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Ntlantsana V, Molebatsi K, Mashaphu S, et al. Post-traumatic stress disorder psychological interventions in sub-Saharan Africa: protocol for a systematic review of the literature. BMJ Open 2022;12:e052903. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052903.
The authors want to alert the readers on the updated Funding statement.
Funding: The publication was financially supported by the Schizophrenia Research Society (SIRS), and by the University of KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP).

Objective
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of perceived stress among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic period in Northwest Ethiopia.

Method
A cross-sectional study.

Setting
University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Participants
A total of 415 pregnant women were recruited by using a systematic random sampling technique from 28 April 2020 to 12 June 2020.

Measurement
The required data were collected through face-to-face interviews. The Perceived Stress Scale was used to assess perceived stress. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Oslo Social Support Scale 3 were used for associated factors. The data were analysed by using SPSS V.20. We also included sociodemographic, obstetrical and gynaecology, substance use and intimate partner-related factors. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated factors with perceived stress. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify the effect of each independent variable with the outcome variable. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results
A total of 415 pregnant women participated in the study with response rate of 98.57%. The prevalence of perceived stress is found to be 13.7% (95% CI=10.4% to 17.1%). According to the multivariable logistic regression result, being a student (adjusted OR (AOR)=9.67, 95% CI=2.739 to 34.183), being at the first and third trimesters of gestational age (AOR=3.56, 95% CI=1.065 to 11.885; AOR=4.80, 95% CI=1.851 to 14.479, respectively), and having antenatal depression (AOR=3.51, 95% CI=1.628 to 7.563) were factors positively associated with perceived stress.

Conclusion
The prevalence of perceived stress among pregnant people was relatively high. This study recommends that all pregnant people should be screened and treated for perceived stress particularly during the first and third trimesters. Emphasis should be given to early detection and treatment of antenatal depression. Pregnant students must be strongly evaluated and intervened for perceived stress.

Circulation, Volume 146, Issue 13, Page 1028-1031, September 27, 2022.

Introduction
Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) can be triggered following exposure to a traumatic event, such as violence, disasters, serious accidents and injury. Little is known about which interventions provide the greatest benefit for PTSS. This systematic review aims to estimate the effects of early interventions on PTSS following musculoskeletal trauma.

Methods/analysis
Development of this review protocol was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols checklist. This review will include randomised controlled trials and non-randomised controlled studies evaluating the effect of early (within 3 months of a traumatic event) non-pharmacological and non-surgical interventions on PTSS in adults (aged ≥18 years). MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, Zetoc, PROSPERO, Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar, as well as key journals/grey literature, will be searched from inception to 31 July 2022. Only articles published in English will be considered. Two independent reviewers will search, screen studies, extract data and assess risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool V.2 (RoB 2) and the Risk Of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I), respectively. Mean difference or standardised mean difference (SMD) will be extracted with accompanying 95% CIs and p values where these are reported. Group effect size will be extracted and reported. Symptoms of PTSS will be ascertained using SMDs (continuous) and diagnosis of PTSS using risk ratio (dichotomous). If possible, study results will be pooled into a meta-analysis. A narrative synthesis of the results will be presented if heterogeneity is high. The overall quality of evidence and risk of bias will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation, RoB 2 and ROBINS-I guidelines, respectively.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval is not required for this systematic review since data from published studies will be used. This review is expected to provide a better understanding of the effect of early intervention for PTSS following musculoskeletal trauma. Findings of this review will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and through national and international conferences.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42022333905

Introduction
Diagnosis and treatment represent distressing experiences for the families of children with cancer. Psychosocial challenges are faced by these families in China because of limited health services and resources for psychosocial oncology care. Effective interventions tailored to the knowledge level and cultural values of this population are needed. The goal of this study is to evaluate a smartphone-based care support (SBCS) programme for the families of children with cancer in China.

Methods and analysis
A parallel randomised controlled trial will be conducted to examine the efficacy of an evidence-based and culturally tailored SBCS programme for the families of children with cancer in China. A total of 180 families will be recruited. The intervention will consist of an introduction session and four main sessions and will be conducted sequentially on a single weekend day. Participating families will be included in the intervention group. The post-traumatic stress and quality of life of families will be evaluated at baseline, during the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and 2 and 6 months after the intervention.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval for this protocol has been obtained from the Nursing and Behavioural Medicine Research Ethics Review Committee, Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University (Protocol #: E2020125). The findings of the trial will be disseminated through conference presentations and publications in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number
ChiCTR2000040510.

Introduction
Postoperative imaging after neurosurgical interventions is usually performed in the first 72 hours after surgery to provide an accurate assessment of postoperative resection status. Patient frequently report that early postoperative examination after craniotomy for tumour and vascular procedures is associated with distress, exertion, nausea and pain. Delayed postoperative imaging (between 36 and 72 hours postoperatively) may have an advantage regarding psychological and physical stress compared with early imaging. The goal of this study is to evaluate and determine the optimal time frame for postoperative imaging with MRI and CT in terms of medical and neuroradiological implications and patient’s subjective stress level.

Methods and analysis
Data will be prospectively collected from all patients aged 18–80 years who receive postoperative MRI or CT imaging following a craniotomy for resection of a cerebral tumour (benign and malignant) or vascular surgery. Participants have to complete questionnaires containing visual analogue scores (VAS) for headache and nausea, Body Part Discomfort score and a single question addressing subjective preference of timing of postoperative imaging after craniotomy. The primary endpoint of the study is the difference in subjective stress due to imaging studies after craniotomy, measured just before and after postoperative MRI or CT with the above-mentioned instruments. Subjective stress is defined as a combination of the scores VAS pain, VAS nausea and 0.5* Body Part Discomfort core.
This study determines whether proper timing of postoperative imaging can improve patient satisfaction and reduce pain, stress and discomfort caused by postoperative imaging. Factors causing additional postoperative stress are likely responsible for delayed recovery of neurosurgical patients.

Ethics and dissemination
The institutional review board (Kantonale Ethikkommission Zürich) approved this study on 4 August 2020 under case number BASEC 2020–01590. The authors are planning to publish the data of this study in a peer-reviewed paper. After database closure, the data will be exported to the local data repository (Zurich Open Repository and Archive) of the University of Zurich. The sponsor (LR) and the project leader (MR.G) will make the final decision on the publication of the results. The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author LT. The data are not publicly available due to privacy/ethical restrictions.

Trial registration number
NCT05112575; ClinicalTrials.gov.

Introduction
The mental health status of nurses affects not only their well-being but also the organisational outcomes and the quality of patient care. Hence, stress management strategies are critical as a universal prevention measure that address an entire population and are not directed at a specific risk group to maintain nurses’ mental health in the workplace. No systematic review or meta-analysis has been conducted to evaluate the effect of cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) that specifically focuses on universal prevention. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness that is reported in published randomised controlled trial (RCT) studies.

Methods and analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis will analyse published studies selected from electronic databases (ie, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Web of Science and the Japan Medical Abstracts Society). The inclusion criteria for studies are that they (1) were conducted to assess the effect of CBT on the mental health of nurses as a universal prevention, (2) used an RCT design and (3) provided sufficient results (sample sizes, means and SD) to estimate the pooled effect sizes with 95% CIs. Studies will be excluded if they only targeted nurses who had been screened as being at high risk in terms of their mental health and indicated that they required the prevention. The methodological quality of the included studies will be assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval is not required because this study is based on information obtained from previous studies. The results and findings of this study will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed international scientific journal. Results from this study will be helpful when implementing CBT strategies for nurses as a universal preventative measure in the workplace and for managing stress-related outcomes.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42020152837.

Introduction
In traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, inflammatory processes and oxidative stress have been linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases, disability, increased rate of muscle catabolism, malnutrition, hospital stay and mortality. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that trehalose can decrease inflammatory and oxidative factors. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of oral trehalose consumption on this marker in critically ill TBI patients at intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods and analysis
This study is a pilot randomised, prospective and double-blind clinical trial. The study sample size is of 20 (10 patients in each group) TBI patients aged 18–65 years at ICU. Randomisation is performed by permuted block randomisation method. The allocation ratio is 1:1. An intervention group will receive 30 g of trehalose instead, as a part of the carbohydrate of daily bolus enteral feeding and the control group will receive standard isocaloric hospital bolus enteral feeding for 12 days. The inflammatory factors (C reactive protein, interleukin 6) and oxidative stress markers (glutathione, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, pro-oxidant–antioxidant balance, total antioxidant capacity) will be measured at the baseline, at the 6th day, and at the end of the study (12th day). Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, Nutrition Risk in the Critically ill scores, 28-day mortality, anthropometric assessments and the clinical and nutritional status will be measured. Each patient’s nutritional needs will be calculated individually. The statistical analysis would be based on the intention to treat.

Ethics and dissemination
The vice-chancellor of the research centre of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences is sponsoring this study. IR.MUMS.MEDICAL.REC.1400.113.

Trial registration number
Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) Id: IRCT20210508051223N1, Registration date: 26 July 2021.

Objective
This study was designed to explore the impact of occupational hazards and occupational stress on job burn-out among factory workers and miners. This study also aimed to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of job burn-out among factory workers and miners.

Design
A cross-sectional study based on the factory Workers and Miners of Urumqi, Xinjiang. Demographic biases, that is, confounding factors, were eliminated by the propensity score-matched analysis method.

Participants
An electronic questionnaire was used to survey 7500 eligible factory workers and miners in Urumqi, the capital of Xinjiang, and 7315 complete questionnaires were returned.

Primary outcome measures
A general demographic questionnaire, the Effort–Reward Imbalance (ERI) and the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory.

Results
The total rate of burn-out was 86.5%. Noise (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.64) and ERI (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.78 to 2.61) were the risk factors for job burn-out among factory workers and miners (p

This meta-analysis uses peripheral biological matrices and central nervous system markers to examine the association of nucleic acid damage from oxidative stress with psychiatric disorders in adults.

Objectives
Limited research has focused on the association between work stress and health behaviours in Asian countries. We aimed to explore the effect of work stress on two health behaviours among employees aged 45 years or above in two countries with ageing populations, Korea and Japan.

Design
A cross-sectional study.

Setting
This secondary data analysis was conducted on baseline data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA, 2006) and the Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement (JSTAR, 2007 and 2009).

Participants
Included in the analytical sample were 4982 responders without missing data aged 45 years or older who reported work positions and hours (KLoSA n=3478, JSTAR n=1504).

Main outcome measures
Work stress was represented by the short version of the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model. We used logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression to investigate the association between work stress and smoking (binary current smoking) and between work stress and drinking (categorical volume of alcohol). Socioeconomic and work-related characteristics were taken into consideration, and we examined the potential interaction between ERI and gender.

Results
Work stress as measured by ERI ratio was significantly associated with both smoking and drinking in the KLoSA analysis; after the model was fully adjusted, ORs were 1.45 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.80) and 1.44 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.90), respectively. In analysis of the data from JSTAR, the ERI ratio was associated with smoking (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.89) but not with drinking. No statistically significant interaction was found between ERI and gender in any model (p=0.82 in KLoSA data and p=0.19 in JSTAR data).

Conclusions
Statistically significant associations were found between work stress and both smoking and drinking behaviours in Korea and between work stress and smoking in Japan. Government integration of effort-reward balance programmes and health promotion programmes could effectively promote population health in these two Asian countries.

Objective
Test whether Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) was non-inferior to cognitive processing therapy (CPT) for treating symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among veterans via a parallel randomised controlled non-inferiority trial.

Setting
Outpatient Veterans Affairs healthcare centre.

Participants
85 veterans (75 men, 61% white, mean age 56.9) with symptoms of PTSD participated between October 2015 and March 2020: 59 participants completed the study.

Interventions
SKY emphasises breathing routines and was delivered in group format in a 15-hour workshop followed by two 1-hour sessions per week for 5 weeks. CPT is an individual psychotherapy which emphasises shifting cognitive appraisals and was delivered in two 1-hour sessions per week for 6 weeks.

Measures
The primary outcome measure was the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C). The secondary measures were the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS).

Results
Mean PCL-C at baseline was 56.5 (±12.6). Intent-to-treat analyses showed that PCL-C scores were reduced at 6 weeks (end of treatment) relative to baseline (SKY, –5.6, d=0.41, n=41: CPT, –6.8, d=0.58, n=44). The between-treatment difference in change scores was within the non-inferiority margin of 10 points (–1.2, 95% CI –5.7 to 3.3), suggesting SKY was not inferior to CPT. SKY was also non-inferior at 1-month (CPT–SKY: –2.1, 95% CI –6.9 to 2.8) and 1-year (CPT–SKY: –1.8, 95% CI –6.6 to 2.9) assessments. SKY was also non-inferior to CPT on the BDI-II and PANAS at end of treatment and 1 month, but SKY was inferior to CPT on both BDI-II and PANAS at 1 year. Dropout rates were similar (SKY, 27%, CPT, 34%: OR=1.36, 95% CI 0.51 to 3.62, p=0.54).

Conclusions
SKY may be non-inferior to CPT for treating symptoms of PTSD and merits further consideration as a treatment for PTSD.

Trial registration number
NCT02366403.

Introduction
Measures to mitigate the COVID-19 outbreak in the migrant worker dormitories in Singapore included lockdown and isolation of residents for prolonged periods. In this paper, we explore efforts to ease tensions and support mental health under these conditions.

Methods
Case study of dormitory residents under lockdown from April to August 2020 comprises a nested mixed-method approach using an online questionnaire (n=175) and semistructured interviews (n=23) of migrant workers sampled from the survey (August to September 2020). Logistic regression models were used to analyse survey data. Semistructured interviews were analysed using applied thematic analysis.

Results
Survey and interview data showed that mental health was largely protected despite initial rising tensions over restrictions during lockdown. Sources of tension negatively affecting low stress responses included job related worries, OR=0.07 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.18, p