2022 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Pediatric Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; and First Aid Task Forces

Circulation, Ahead of Print. This is the sixth annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. This summary addresses the most recently published resuscitation evidence reviewed by International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Task Force science experts. Topics covered by systematic reviews include cardiopulmonary resuscitation during transport; approach to resuscitation after drowning; passive ventilation; minimizing pauses during cardiopulmonary resuscitation; temperature management after cardiac arrest; use of diagnostic point-of-care ultrasound during cardiac arrest; use of vasopressin and corticosteroids during cardiac arrest; coronary angiography after cardiac arrest; public-access defibrillation devices for children; pediatric early warning systems; maintaining normal temperature immediately after birth; suctioning of amniotic fluid at birth; tactile stimulation for resuscitation immediately after birth; use of continuous positive airway pressure for respiratory distress at term birth; respiratory and heart rate monitoring in the delivery room; supraglottic airway use in neonates; prearrest prediction of in-hospital cardiac arrest mortality; basic life support training for likely rescuers of high-risk populations; effect of resuscitation team training; blended learning for life support training; training and recertification for resuscitation instructors; and recovery position for maintenance of breathing and prevention of cardiac arrest. Members from 6 task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria and generated consensus treatment recommendations. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in the Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections, and priority knowledge gaps for future research are listed.

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Novembre 2022

2022 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Aortic Disease: A Report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines

Circulation, Ahead of Print. Aim:The “2022 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Aortic Disease” provides recommendations to guide clinicians in the diagnosis, genetic evaluation and family screening, medical therapy, endovascular and surgical treatment, and long-term surveillance of patients with aortic disease across its multiple clinical presentation subsets (ie, asymptomatic, stable symptomatic, and acute aortic syndromes).Methods:A comprehensive literature search was conducted from January 2021 to April 2021, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINHL Complete, and other selected databases relevant to this guideline. Additional relevant studies, published through June 2022 during the guideline writing process, were also considered by the writing committee, where appropriate.Structure:Recommendations from previously published AHA/ACC guidelines on thoracic aortic disease, peripheral artery disease, and bicuspid aortic valve disease have been updated with new evidence to guide clinicians. In addition, new recommendations addressing comprehensive care for patients with aortic disease have been developed. There is added emphasis on the role of shared decision making, especially in the management of patients with aortic disease both before and during pregnancy. The is also an increased emphasis on the importance of institutional interventional volume and multidisciplinary aortic team expertise in the care of patients with aortic disease.

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Novembre 2022

Abstract 13174: Cardio-Metabolic Traits of a Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Mouse Model

Circulation, Volume 146, Issue Suppl_1, Page A13174-A13174, November 8, 2022. Introduction:Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF, EF >50%) syndrome is often associated with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and diabetes. Morbidity and mortality in patients with HFpEF are similar to those with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, however therapies are scarce. Mouse models used to understand sarcomere dysfunction in HFpEF and to identify new targets are needed. In this study we challenged young mice with volume overload and metabolic perturbations induced by high fat diet (HFD) to harbor the conditions of HFpEF.Methods:C57BL/6N 16-weeks old female and male mice were treated with subcutaneous pellets of controlled released DOCA (Deoxycorticosterone Acetate, 0.71 mg/d), drinking water with 1% saline and HFD for a period of 3 weeks to induce obesity and mild hypertension. Cardiac function was evaluated at baseline (before treatment) and 2 and 3 weeks after treatment. Body weight, % fat mass, %lean mass, glucose tolerance test, and lipid profile were also evaluated at baseline and 3 weeks after treatment.Results (Table): Treatment induced diastolic dysfunction measurable by echocardiography at 3 weeks with slower peak myocardial relaxation velocity (e’), increased peak blood inflow velocity at early diastolic filling E/e’ ratio, increased E/A ratio, and increased isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT). Meanwhile ejection fraction is preserved. As expected HFD feeding elicited body weight increase with increased fat mass accumulation associated with decreased lean mass, glucose intolerance and hypercholesterolemia.Conclusions:This study describes a mouse model of HFpEF that only requires 3 weeks of treatment with DOCA, 1% saline drinking water and HFD. This model reproduces the most common comorbidities of HFpEF such as diastolic dysfunction, obesity, glucose intolerance, and hypercholesterolemia, and may be used to understand the molecular pathophysiology of HFpEF.

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Ottobre 2022

Abstract 13986: Efficacy and Safety of Cangrelor in Patients Undergoing PCI After Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation and/or Cardiogenic Shock. Results of the CAN-SHOCK Registry

Circulation, Volume 146, Issue Suppl_1, Page A13986-A13986, November 8, 2022. Background.Cangrelor is an intravenous P2Y12 inhibitor with an immediate onset of action and a short half-life. Its use seems especially attractive in patients who cannot swallow oral drugs, e.g. after CPR or in cardiogenic shock.Purpose.To determine the efficacy and safety of the intravenous P2Y12 inhibitor cangrelor undergoing PCI after prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and/or cardiogenic shock (CS) in real life.Methods:The CAN-SHOCK registry included patients undergoing PCI for acute myocardial infarction after CPR. Baseline characteristics, procedural features, and in-hospital outcomes were centrally collected and analysed. The primary endpoint was the incidence of stent thrombosis and/or myocardial reinfarction until 48 hours after PCI.Results.A total of 303 patients were included in 10 centers in Austria and Germany. The inclusion criteria were CPR before PCI (n=169, 55.8 %), cardiogenic shock (n=68, 22.4 %) and CPR and cardiogenic shock (n=59, 19.5 %). The baseline characteristics, in-hospital procedures and outcomes are listed in the table.Conclusions.In this large multicentre registry cangrelor in patients undergoing PCI after CPR and/or CS cangrelor was effective in preventing stent thrombosis and re-infarction and associated with an acceptable bleeding rate.

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Ottobre 2022