Search Results for: Indicazioni per la terapia domiciliare del COVID-19

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Diagnostic performance of point shear wave elastography and vibration-controlled transient elastography in paediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective
This study aimed to comprehensively assess the diagnostic accuracy of point shear wave elastography (pSWE) and vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) in paediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach with random-effects models.

Data sources
PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Ovid (Medline), Cochrane, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang and OpenGrey were searched for publications from April 1989 to July 2024.

Eligibility criteria
The study included relevant records on the application of pSWE and VCTE in diagnosing MASLD in children (

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Heated tobacco product use prevalence and temporal trends among the German population: a series of representative cross-sectional household surveys, 2018-2023

Objectives
Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are electronic devices that heat tobacco instead of burning it to produce an inhalable aerosol. This study aimed to investigate usage patterns, sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, as well as co-use characteristics of people who use HTPs within the German population to inform interventions and preventive measures.

Methods
We conducted analysis with pooled cross-sectional data from the German Study on Tobacco Use (DEBRA) from June 2018 till November 2023. We estimated weighted, descriptive and bimonthly data on current and ever HTP usage and descriptive data on user patterns. To analyse the variance between people who ever versus people who never used HTPs in relation to user characteristics, we performed ² tests and calculated percentages and CIs.

Results
The proportions of both people who currently use and people who ever used HTPs have increased from 2018 (current user: 0.1% [95%CI:

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Epidemiological association of the COVID-19 pandemic on Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in children in Tianjin, China: a single-centre retrospective study (2017-2024)

Objective
To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and temporal-spatial distribution of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infections among paediatric inpatients with respiratory tract infections in Tianjin, China, across three distinct phases: pre-pandemic (2017–2019), pandemic (2020–2022) and post-pandemic (2023–2024). The primary hypothesis is that the COVID-19 pandemic altered the epidemiology of MP infections in children.

Design
Retrospective, single-centre study.

Setting
Secondary care paediatric hospital in a metropolitan area.

Participants
A total of 60 213 paediatric patients hospitalised with respiratory infections between January 2017 and December 2024 were included. The study population consisted of children aged 0–18 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.22:1.00. Selection criteria included children admitted with a diagnosis of respiratory infection, while those with incomplete clinical data or non-respiratory infections were excluded.

Primary and secondary outcome measures
The primary outcome was the overall positive detection rate of MP-RNA. Secondary outcomes included annual and seasonal variations in MP-RNA detection rates, differences by sex and age group, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on MP epidemiology. All statistical methods, including those used to control for confounding, involved the use of ² tests for comparing positive rates between groups.

Results
The overall positive detection rate of MP-RNA among children hospitalised for respiratory infections during the study period was 36.58% (22 023/60 213). The annual MP-RNA-positive detection rates from 2017 to 2024 were as follows: 50.74% (411/810) in 2017, 36.28% (1150/3170) in 2018, 27.41% (1459/5323) in 2019, 10.18% (222/2181) in 2020, 11.42% (928/8129) in 2021, 13.27% (579/4364) in 2022, 28.97% (3064/10575) in 2023 and 55.38% (14 210/25 661) in 2024. The highest annual positivity rate was observed in 2024 (55.38%, 14 210/25 661), while the lowest rate occurred in 2020 (10.18%, 222/2181). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in MP-RNA detection rates across different years (²=8331.511, p

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