A urine-based test involving 18 genes was more accurate at diagnosing high-grade prostate cancer than existing biomarker tests such as blood levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), according to a recent study published in JAMA Oncology.
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Development and Validation of an 18-Gene Urine Test for High-Grade Prostate Cancer
This report describes the development of an 18-gene urine panel for high-grade prostate cancer and validates its external performance relative to current guideline-endorsed biomarkers.
Urine Proteomics Profiling Identifies Novel Acute Pancreatitis Diagnostic Biomarkers in a Pediatric Population
Even Low Levels of Albumin in Urine Tied to Worsened Kidney Disease
For decades, researchers characterized normal albuminuria as a urine albumin-creatinine ratio of less than 30 mg/g. That has led some clinicians to believe that patients with lower ratios don’t need additional treatment. But a new study in Annals of Internal Medicine challenges that assumption by showing that even low levels of albuminuria are a risk factor for kidney failure in people with chronic kidney disease.
Cognitive stimulation for people with dementia in nursing homes: a protocol for a feasibility study examining a new 24/7 approach (CogStim24)
Introduction
Based on the available evidence, cognitive stimulation is recommended as an intervention for people with dementia (PwD). Currently, cognitive stimulation is regularly offered as a group programme in care facilities. However, some residents, such as those who are bedridden, cannot participate. Furthermore, group programmes were not feasible during the pandemic. A concept that accompanies everyday life and enables cognitive stimulation in everyday communication (ie, ‘24/7’) has been missing. Therefore, this feasibility study aims to (1) assess the feasibility of a new continuous 24/7 cognitive stimulation programme (CogStim24) based on a process evaluation and (2) examine the possible effects of CogStim24 on the primary outcome of global cognition in PwD and further PwD-related and staff-related outcomes.
Methods and analysis
The complex CogStim24 programme is developed to be conducted as an everyday intervention during routine care including cognitively stimulating techniques, such as reminiscence therapy, multisensory stimulation and physical activity. In this unblinded single-arm study with pre-assessments and post-assessments, four nursing homes with a total of N=20 nursing and care staff will participate in an 11-week CogStim24 training programme. The intervention will be conducted to N=60 PwD. Neuropsychological assessments will be conducted pre-staff and post-staff training, as well as after a 6-week implementation phase. A process evaluation will be performed.
Ethics and dissemination
Ethics approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. Although cognitive stimulation is known to be effective for enhancing global cognition and quality of life in PwD, it is currently undersupplied to PwD. Therefore, CogStim24 has the potential to reach many more PwD. This study has the potential to serve as a basis for a large multicentre cluster randomised controlled trial. An interdisciplinarity team and mixed-methods approach will help generate information on the practicality and mechanisms of impact of CogStim24. This is important for the further development of the intervention and for facilitating its implementation. The study results will be disseminated via presentations at scientific conferences and meetings for healthcare professionals and PwD and their relatives. Several manuscripts presenting results of the different study parts will be published in peer-reviewed journals.
Trial registration number
DRKS00024381.
Tenecteplase for Stroke at 4.5 to 24 Hours
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 390, Issue 18, Page 1729-1729, May 9, 2024.
Su1857 URINE METABOLOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
Sa2050 REVEALING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PURINE METABOLISM IN ACHIEVING REMISSION IN PEDIATRIC CROHN'S DISEASE THROUGH INTEGRATED OMICS ANALYSIS OF FECES, PLASMA, AND URINE.
24 TRACING PANCREATIC TUMOR EVOLUTION THROUGH SPACE AND TIME
349 LAPAROSCOPIC FUNDOPLICATION IMPROVES ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY IN PATIENTS WITH GERD – A HIGH-VOLUME SINGLE CENTER CONTROLLED STUDY IN THE ERA OF HIGH-RESOLUTION MANOMETRY AND 24-HOUR PH-IMPEDANCE
EP38 EVALUATING THE ROLE OF SYMPTOMS IN PATIENTS WITH GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE USING 24-HOUR PHIMPEDANCE MONITORING AND CHRONIC RESPIRATORY CONDITIONS
Mo1292 PERFORMANCE OF ADJUNCTIVE METRICS IN BORDELINE ACID EXPOSURE TIME PATIENTS ON 24 HOURS PH-IMPEDANCE: EXPLORATORY STUDY
Clinician and parent views on urine collection in precontinent children in the UK: a qualitative interview study
Objective
To explore the experiences of healthcare professionals (HCPs) and parents of urine collection methods, to identify barriers to successful sampling and what could improve the process.
Design
Qualitative research, using individual semistructured interviews with HCPs and parents. The interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed and thematically analysed.
Setting
UK-based HCPs from primary and secondary care settings and parents with experience with urine collection in primary and/or secondary care settings.
Participants
HCPs who were involved in aiding, supervising or ordering urine samples. Parents who had experience with urine collection in at least one precontinent child.
Results
13 HCPs and 16 parents were interviewed. 2 participating HCPs were general practitioners (GPs), 11 worked in paediatric secondary care settings (8 were nurses and 3 were doctors). Two parents had children with underlying conditions where frequent urine collection was required to rule out infections.
HCPs and parents reported that there were no straightforward methods of urine collection for precontinent children. Each method—‘clean catch’, urine bag and urine pad—had limitations and problems with usage. ‘Clean catch’, regarded as the gold standard by HCPs with a lower risk of contamination, often proved difficult for parents to achieve. Other methods had elevated risk of contamination but were more acceptable to parents because they were less challenging. Many of the parents expressed the need for more information about urine collection.
Conclusions
Current methods of urine collection are challenging to use and may be prone to contamination. A new device is required to assist with urine collection in precontinent children, to simplify and reduce the stress of the situation for those involved. Parents are key partners in the process of urine collection with young children. Meeting their expressed need for more information could be an important way to achieve better-quality samples while awaiting a new device.
Peripheral Oxygenation and Pulmonary Hemodynamics in Individuals With Fontan Circulation During 24-Hour High-Altitude Exposure Simulation
Circulation, Volume 149, Issue 18, Page 1466-1468, April 30, 2024.
Innovativo test delle urine per una accuratezza diagnostica del cancro alla prostata
Scaling hypertension treatment in 24 low-income and middle-income countries: economic evaluation of treatment decisions at three blood pressure cut-points
Objective
Estimate the incremental costs and benefits of scaling up hypertension care in adults in 24 select countries, using three different systolic blood pressure (SBP) treatment cut-off points—≥140, ≥150 and ≥160 mm Hg.
Intervention
Strengthening the hypertension care cascade compared with status quo levels, with pharmacological treatment administered at different cut-points depending on the scenario.
Target population
Adults aged 30+ in 24 low-income and middle-income countries spanning all world regions.
Perspective
Societal.
Time horizon
30 years.
Discount rate
4%.
Costing year
2020 USD.
Study design
Data sources
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation’s Epi Visualisations database—country-specific cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence, prevalence and death rates. Mean SBP and prevalence—National surveys and NCD-RisC. Treatment protocols—WHO HEARTS. Treatment impact—academic literature. Costs—national and international databases.
Outcome measures
Health outcomes—averted stroke and myocardial infarction events, deaths and disability-adjusted life-years; economic outcomes—averted health expenditures, value of averted mortality and workplace productivity losses.
Results of analysis
Across 24 countries, over 30 years, incremental scale-up of hypertension care for adults with SBP≥140 mm Hg led to 2.6 million averted CVD events and 1.2 million averted deaths (7% of expected CVD deaths). 68% of benefits resulted from treating those with very high SBP (≥160 mm Hg). 10 of the 12 highest-income countries projected positive net benefits at one or more treatment cut-points, compared with 3 of the 12 lowest-income countries. Treating hypertension at SBP≥160 mm Hg maximised the net economic benefit in the lowest-income countries.
Limitations
The model only included a few hypertension-attributable diseases and did not account for comorbid risk factors. Modelled scenarios assumed ambitious progress on strengthening the care cascade.
Conclusions
In areas where economic considerations might play an outsized role, such as very low-income countries, prioritising treatment to populations with severe hypertension can maximise benefits net of economic costs.