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This study uses public US Food and Drug Administration lists to identify new drugs approved from 2015 through 2021 to examine recent estimates of compliance with and timing of pediatric testing requirements after passage of the Pediatric Research Equity Act.
Autore/Fonte: AISF/SID/SIO
In III Rapporto salute di Cittadinanzattiva più luci che ombre
Stroke, Ahead of Print. BACKGROUND:This study aims to perform a comprehensive analysis of stroke burden from the Global Burden of Disease 2021.METHODS:We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the burden, including prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life year rates, for stroke across 204 countries and regions from 1990 to 2021 using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021. We calculated the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and performed a joinpoint regression analysis to identify the trends. We also explored the association between the stroke burden and sociodemographic index.RESULTS:The age-standardized prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life year rates for stroke were 1099.310, 141.553, 87.454, and 1886.196 per 100 000 persons in 2021, respectively. The general stroke burden trends declined in EAPC analysis (age-standardized prevalence: EAPC, −0.37; age-standardized incidence: EAPC, −0.99; age-standardized mortality: EAPC, −1.81; and disability-adjusted life year: EAPC, −1.76). However, we found an increasing burden of stroke in East Asia and Southern Sub-Saharan Africa (EAPC >0). The global burdens of intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and ischemic stroke showed a similar trend. The stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and ischemic stroke burdens were heavier in men than in women, except for that of subarachnoid hemorrhage in women. Our joinpoint regression analysis revealed that the age-standardized burden rates of stroke decreased from 1990 to 2021 (average annual percent change 0). The burden of stroke was inversely proportional to the sociodemographic index (P
This Medical News article is an interview with emergency management and medical experts from Oregon and Washington who experienced the record-breaking heat wave in June of 2021.
Objectives
To assess the seroprevalence of infection-acquired SARS-CoV-2 and the mental health of school/daycare staff in the months after reopening of schools in Montreal, Quebec (Canada) in the Fall of 2020 and whether these varied by school and participant characteristics.
Design
A cross-sectional design based on a convenience sample of schools/daycares and staff was used as the originally planned longitudinal design was no longer feasible due to obstacles in recruitment, for example, teacher’s strike.
Setting
Forty-nine schools/daycares in four Montreal neighbourhoods from March to October 2021.
Participants
Three-hundred and sixty-two participants completed both questionnaires and serology tests.
Primary and secondary outcome measures
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and prevalence of anxiety, depression, resilience and burnout/emotional exhaustion.
Results
The seroprevalence estimate made representative to the Quebec population of educators was 8.6% (95% CI 5.2 to 13.0). The adjusted seroprevalence in high school was 20% that of elementary school (aRR=0.20, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.58). Thirty per cent of seropositive staff were exposed to a household member with confirmed COVID-19. Prevalence of high emotional exhaustion/burnout was 35%, 44% and 53% in daycare, elementary school and high school staff, respectively. However, moderate/severe anxiety and depression and low resilience did not exceed 18%. After adjusting for confounders, being very afraid of catching COVID-19 at school was associated with moderate–severe anxiety, moderate–severe depression and high emotional exhaustion (aRR=4.4, 95% CI 2.2 to 8.9; aRR=2.8, 95% CI 1.5 to 5.4; aRR=2.2, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.0, respectively).
Conclusion
The seroprevalence, anxiety and depression among school/daycare staff were comparable to the reported levels in the adult population of Quebec. The prevalence of emotional exhaustion/burnout was high across all school levels and exceeding the average across all occupations in the USA and in teachers in Germany.
This cross-sectional study uses data from the Youth Risk Behavior surveys to assess the association of state-level recreational marijuana laws and youth marijuana use.
This cross-sectional study estimates the number of children who lost a parent to drug overdose in the US from 2011 to 2021.
Circulation, Volume 150, Issue 5, Page e105-e105, July 30, 2024.
This population-based retrospective study uses data from the National Vital Statistics System to evaluate trends in risk factors for preeclampsia in the US between 2010 and 2021.
Annals of Internal Medicine, Ahead of Print.
Objectives
This study investigated changes in the length of stay (LoS) at a level III/IV neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and level II neonatology departments until discharge home for very preterm infants and identified factors influencing these trends.
Design
Retrospective cohort study based on data recorded in the Netherlands Perinatal Registry between 2008 and 2021.
Setting
A single level III/IV NICU and multiple level II neonatology departments in the Netherlands.
Participants
NICU-admitted infants (n=2646) with a gestational age (GA)
Annals of Internal Medicine, Ahead of Print.
Annals of Internal Medicine, Ahead of Print.
Objectives
The study aimed to understand the composition, epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of chronic non-communicable diseases and to evaluate the association between sociodemographic factors and chronic non-communicable diseases.
Design
A cross-sectional study.
Setting and participants
Medical records of 196 761 residents were collected from Dongfang disease surveillance system from January to December 2021.
Primary outcome
Prevalence and disability burden were recorded. Logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between sociodemography factors and diseases.
Results
Cardiovascular diseases, chronic lower respiratory diseases and other upper respiratory tract diseases were the main chronic non-communicable diseases. In multivariable analysis, men were associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (OR=1.210, 95% CI 1.162 to 1.261) and chronic lower respiratory diseases (OR=1.128, 95% CI 1.079 to 1.180). Older age was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (OR=83.952, 95% CI 58.954 to 119.550), whereas was associated with decreased risk of chronic lower respiratory diseases (OR=0.442, 95% CI 0.415 to 0.471) and other upper respiratory tract diseases (OR=0.450, 95% CI 0.411 to 0.493). The unemployed and poor household were associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases (OR=0.463, 95% CI 0.412 to 0.521 and OR=0.390, 95% CI 0.342 to 0.444, respectively), whereas were associated with increased risk of chronic lower respiratory diseases (OR=12.219, 95% CI 6.343 to 23.539 and OR=10.954, 95% CI 5.666 to 21.177, respectively) and other upper respiratory tract diseases (OR=2.246, 95% CI 1.719 to 2.936 and OR=3.035, 95% CI 2.308 to 3.991, respectively). Gender and age moderated the association between personnel category and major diseases.
Conclusions
The spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of chronic diseases observed in Dongfang is good evidence for developing prevention guides and health policies for region.
Objective
This study investigates the role of trust in shaping COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the Dominican Republic (DR) during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Design
Cross-sectional household survey.
Setting
Randomly selected households across 134 clusters in the DR, from 30 June 2021 to 12 October 2021.
Participants
5999 participants ≥16 years of age were enrolled.
Outcome measures
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (CVH) data were collected from participants ≥16 years of age and analysed as both an ordinal and binary variable.
Results
Overall, CVH was low (5.2% (95% CI 4.6% to 5.8%)), but more common among younger individuals, women and individuals of Mestizo ethnicity. Higher trust in local government, national government, scientists and local doctors (considered official sources) was associated with lower odds of CVH (OR 0.89 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.88), 0.89 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.98), 0.87 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.94) and 0.70 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.80), respectively). Higher trust in religious leaders, social media and traditional media (considered unofficial sources) was associated with higher odds of CVH, with respective ORs of 1.32 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.47), 1.30 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.41) and 1.08 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.22).
Conclusion
We report findings on CVH from a national household survey in the DR and identify overall low rates of CVH but marked heterogeneity by age, gender and ethnicity. Trust in unofficial versus official sources of information is associated with increased CVH. These findings highlight and quantify the importance of trust as a key parameter when considering public health communication strategies.
