Risultati per: Screening del cancro del colon-retto

Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of preventable cancer and mortality in certain US populations. The most impactful way to reduce GC mortality is via primary prevention, namely Helicobacter pylori eradication, and secondary prevention, namely endoscopic screening and surveillance of precancerous conditions, such as gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM). An emerging body of evidence supports the possible impact of these strategies on GC incidence and mortality in identifiable high-risk populations in the United States.

Introduction
Early lung cancer screening (LCS) through low-dose CT (LDCT) is crucial but underused due to various barriers, including incomplete or inaccurate patient smoking data in the electronic health record and limited time for shared decision-making. The objective of this trial is to investigate a patient-centred intervention, MyLungHealth, delivered through the patient portal. The intervention is designed to improve LCS rates through increased identification of eligible patients and informed decision-making.

Methods and analysis
MyLungHealth is a multisite pragmatic trial, involving University of Utah Health and New York University Langone Health primary care clinics. The MyLungHealth intervention was developed using a user-centred design process, informed by patient and provider focus groups and interviews. The intervention’s effectiveness will be evaluated through a patient-randomised trial, comparing the combined use of MyLungHealth and DecisionPrecision+ (a provider-focused shared decision-making intervention) against DecisionPrecision+ alone. The first study hypothesis is that among patients aged 50–79 with uncertain LCS eligibility (eg, 10–19 pack-years or unknown pack-years or unknown quit date for individuals who used to smoke), MyLungHealth eligibility questionnaires will result in increased identification of LCS-eligible patients (n~26 729 patients). The second study hypothesis is that among patients aged 50–79 with documented LCS eligibility (20+ pack-years, quit within the last 15 years if individuals who used to smoke, and no recent screening or screening discussion), MyLungHealth education will result in increased LDCT ordering (n~4574 patients). Primary outcomes will be identification of LCS-eligible patients among individuals with uncertain LCS eligibility and LDCT ordering rates among individuals with documented LCS eligibility.

Ethics and dissemination
The protocol was approved by the University of Utah Institutional Review Board (# 00153806). The patient data collected for this study will not be shared publicly due to the sensitive nature of the patient health information and the fact that we will not be obtaining written informed consent to allow public sharing of their data. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.

Trial registration number
Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT06338592.

Objective
To explore the perceptions of migrant women, healthcare professionals and community workers regarding migrant women’s knowledge and attitudes about cervical cancer (CC) and screening and how these influence cervical cancer screening (CCS) uptake.

Design
Qualitative study with seven focus groups, using a semistructured guide.

Setting
Five focus groups were conducted online and two in community associations in Lisbon, Portugal.

Participants
This study included 23 migrant women, 12 healthcare professionals and 10 community workers.

Results
A lack of knowledge and negative attitudes towards screening among migrants were discussed as important factors leading to a lower CCS uptake. For participants, many migrant women are unaware of the disease and CCS. Feelings of uneasiness related to screening and reservation from their husbands towards consultations underlie negative attitudes towards CCS. Disparities among migrant women regarding uptake of CCS rooted on sociocultural factors were highlighted, with women from African origin and older tending to engage less. Healthcare professionals were identified as the preferred source of information; nevertheless, difficulties in delivering information on sensitive topics were reported by professionals. Additionally, participants agreed that peers and social networks may play a role in promoting screening among communities.

Conclusions
Healthcare professionals and community actors are paramount to promote CCS among migrant women, especially through culturally adapted awareness interventions and health-promoting activities engaging local communities and social networks of women. Training on cross-cultural communication skills of healthcare professionals may contribute to improving migrant women’s knowledge and uptake of CCS.

Introduction
A vestibular deficit can have a substantial impact on the overall development of children. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that vestibular-impaired problems are treated early and effectively through Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy (VRT). Although VRT is sufficiently proven and standardised in adults, there remains a lack of research examining its efficacy in children. To assess the effectiveness of VRT in vestibular-impaired children, the Vestibular Infant Screening-Rehabilitation (VIS-REHAB) protocol was developed with the following objectives: (1) to investigate the short-term effect of a combined postural control and gaze stabilisation protocol, compared with receiving no therapy and (2) to investigate the most important factors that may influence the effect of and outcome after application of the VIS-REHAB protocol in a group of vestibular-impaired children. This study aims to address lingering questions in the existing literature in a standardised manner, with the ultimate objective to establish evidence-based rehabilitation guidelines.

Methods and analysis
The VIS-REHAB study is a two-parallel group, superiority, randomised controlled crossover trial with 1:1 allocation ratio. The study includes patients aged 3–17 years old with identified peripheral vestibular dysfunction. Primary and secondary outcome measures assess gaze stability, postural stability, motor performance and quality of life. The effectiveness of the VIS-REHAB protocol will be evaluated through parallel group and crossover analyses using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Additionally, prespecified subgroup analyses will be conducted to assess influencing factors that may impact the outcome and effect of VIS-REHAB.

Ethics and dissemination
At the start of the VIS-REHAB study, an amendment will be submitted to the ethics committee of Ghent University Hospital for the following applications: (EC2018/0435), (EC2018/0959), (EC2015/1441) and (EC2015/1442). The trial is registered at Clinical Trials (clinicaltrials.gov) with registry name VIS-REHAB and identifier NCT06177132. All research findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number
NCT06177132.

Introduction
Eating disorders can be irreversible and, in many cases, fatal. However, the symptoms full recovery is possible, and early diagnosis is one, of many, important factors for the success of treatment. In this sense, the screening of risk behaviours arises as a relevant alternative to improve the prognosis of patients. This review will analyse the diagnostic accuracy of self-administered screening tests for eating disorders in adolescent and adult users of primary healthcare.

Methods and analysis
A systematic review will be performed by independent reviewers. The databases used will be Medline, Embase, the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Database and Google Scholar without restrictions on the year of publication and language. Studies that compared the results of self-administered screening tests for eating disorders in adolescents and adults in primary care with the results of clinical interviews will be included. Data extraction will consist of the identification of the publication, study and participant characteristics, general information about the tools and data on the diagnostic accuracy properties. The risk of bias in the studies will be assessed via the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. Qualitative data will be presented in narrative form. The meta-analysis will be conducted via the random effects model with the metadata command of Stata. The summary statistics for sensitivity and specificity, as well as their 95% CI, will be generated.

Ethics and dissemination
This systematic review is based on published literature; therefore, submission to an ethics committee is not necessary. The dissemination of the study will be carried out through technical reports, scientific articles, posters, meeting presentations, specific forums, national congresses and international media.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42023476156.

Conclusa II edizione del progetto “Carotidi in sicurezza”

Studies suggest that a longer interval would be reasonable, especially in people at lower risk.

Population-based observational studies suggest that endoscopic screening may reduce upper gastrointestinal cancer mortality. We aimed to quantify the effect of endoscopy screening.

This randomized cluster trial examines whether thrice-weekly symptom screening with symptom feedback and management care pathways, compared with usual care, improves overall self-reported symptoms in pediatric patients with cancer.

Emilia più attrattiva. Cittadinanzattiva, nodo malattie croniche

Emilia più attrattiva. Cittadinanzattiva, nodo malattie croniche

New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 391, Issue 23, Page 2273-2274, December 12, 2024.

Objective
To examine socioeconomic inequalities in the use of cervical cancer screening among women in sub-Saharan Africa.

Design
Secondary data from the Demographic and Health Survey data in sub-Saharan Africa.

Setting
Sub-Saharan Africa.

Participants
Women aged 15–64 years.

Outcome measures
Socioeconomic inequalities in cervical cancer screening uptake and the pooled prevalence of cervical cancer screening.

Results
The pooled prevalence of cervical cancer screening among women in sub-Saharan African countries was 10.51% (95% CI: 7.54% to 13.48%). Cervical cancer screening uptake showed a significant pro-rich distribution of wealth-related inequalities, with a weighted Erreygers normalised concentration index of 0.084 and an SE of 0.003 (p value

Objectives
To explore the experiences of women who have made the decision to decline breast screening and/or breast cancer treatment for overdiagnosis/overtreatment reasons after being invited to the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme (NHS BSP).

Design
Qualitative interview study using reflexive thematic analysis.

Setting
Participants were recruited via social media, online forums and word of mouth. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between May 2021 and April 2022.

Participants
20 women aged between 49 and 76 years old who had declined one or more of the following after receiving an invitation to participate in the NHS BSP: (1) screening investigation, that is, mammogram; (2) further investigations, for example, biopsy, ultrasound; (3) treatment, for example, mastectomy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and (4) any other medical intervention, for example, ongoing medication.

Results
The three main themes were as follows: (1) the perception that the NHS BSP information was biased towards uptake and so constrained choice; (2) taking an active role in decision-making by considering the benefits and harms of the NHS BSP and (3) navigating potential regret for having declined.

Conclusions
In-depth understanding of the potential harms of overdiagnosis and overtreatment influenced the decision to decline for these participants and contributed to their dissatisfactions with the way that information was presented in the invitation to the NHS BSP and the women felt confident in their assessments of the benefits and harms. These findings differ from previous studies, which have suggested that the vast majority lack knowledge and understanding of what overdiagnosis and overtreatment are whereas the participants in this study demonstrated high levels of health literacy. Findings have implications for the way informed choice is considered and constructed in relation to the NHS BSP.

Background
Colonic motility in constipation can be assessed non-invasively using MRI.

Objective
To compare MRI with high-resolution colonic manometry (HRCM) for predicting treatment response.

Design
Part 1: 44 healthy volunteers (HVs), 43 patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) and 37 with functional constipation (FC) completed stool diaries and questionnaires and underwent oral macrogol (500–1000 mL) challenge. Whole gut transit time (WGTT), segmental colonic volumes (CV), MRI-derived Motility Index and chyme movement by ‘tagging’ were assessed using MRI and time to defecation after macrogol recorded. Left colonic HRCM was recorded before and after a 700 kcal meal. Patients then proceeded to Part 2: a randomised cross-over study of 10-days bisacodyl 10 mg daily versus hyoscine 20 mg three times per day, assessing daily pain and constipation.

Results
Part 1: Total CVs median (range) were significantly greater in IBS-C (776 (595–1033)) and FC (802 (633–951)) vs HV (645 (467–780)), p