Risultati per: Cambiamenti del microbioma intestinale legati ai polipi precancerosi del colon

Anche alcuni vaccini, tanti composti potrebbero aiutare le cura

Background
Tumourigenesis in right-sided and left-sided colons demonstrated distinct features.

Objective
We aimed to characterise the differences between the left-sided and right-sided adenomas (ADs) representing the early stage of colonic tumourigenesis.

Design
Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic datasets were analysed to reveal alterations between right-sided and left-sided colon ADs. Cells, animal experiments and clinical specimens were used to verify the results.

Results
Single-cell analysis revealed that in right-sided ADs, there was a significant reduction of goblet cells, and these goblet cells were dysfunctional with attenuated mucin biosynthesis and defective antigen presentation. An impairment of the mucus barrier led to biofilm formation in crypts and subsequent bacteria invasion into right-sided ADs. The regions spatially surrounding the crypts with biofilm occupation underwent an inflammatory response by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and an apoptosis process, as revealed by spatial transcriptomics. A distinct S100A11+ epithelial cell population in the right-sided ADs was identified, and its expression level was induced by bacterial LPS and peptidoglycan. S100A11 expression facilitated tumour growth in syngeneic immunocompetent mice with increased myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) but reduced cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Targeting S100A11 with well-tolerated antagonists of its receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) (Azeliragon) significantly impaired tumour growth and MDSC infiltration, thereby boosting the efficacy of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 therapy in colon cancer.

Conclusion
Our findings unravelled that dysfunctional goblet cells and consequential bacterial translocation activated the S100A11-RAGE axis in right-sided colon ADs, which recruits MDSCs to promote immune evasion. Targeting this axis by Azeliragon improves the efficacy of immunotherapy in colon cancer.

Un saggio del neuroscienziato Clayton Page Aldern, 7 anni di ricerche

Studio, dieta anti cancro da cereali integrali e verdura

Studio, dieta anti cancro da cereali integrali e verdura

The prospect of avoiding an invasive colonoscopy has helped fuel interest around new less-invasive alternatives to colorectal cancer screenings, such as stool-based tests and cell-free blood-based DNA tests, which received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) this past July. But traditional colonoscopies remain the best method for catching colorectal cancer early, according to a study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine.

Il programma viene esteso fino alla fascia 70-74 anni

Introduction
The standard of care for stage III colon cancer is 3 or 6 months of double-drug regimen chemotherapy following radical surgery. However, patients with positive circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) exhibit a high risk of recurrence risk even if they receive standard adjuvant chemotherapy. The potential benefit of intensified adjuvant chemotherapy, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, leucovorin and fluoropyrimidine (FOLFOXIRI), for ctDNA-positive patients remains to be elucidated.

Methods and analysis
This multicentre phase II randomised controlled trial aims to investigate the utility of ctDNA in monitoring chemosensitivity and to preliminarily assess whether intensified chemotherapy with FOLFOXIRI can increase ctDNA clearance and improve survival outcomes. A total of 60 eligible patients with stage III colon cancer exhibiting postoperatively positive ctDNA before and after two cycles of oxaliplatin and capecitabine (XELOX) will be randomly assigned to continue five additional cycles of XELOX (control arm) or switch to eight cycles of FOLFOXIRI (experimental arm). This sequential approach is designed to escalate treatment for patients with persistent ctDNA positivity while avoiding overtreatment in those who may respond well to standard chemotherapy. The primary endpoint is the change in ctDNA concentration, defined as the difference between the ctDNA concentration measured after two cycles of XELOX and after the completion or termination of chemotherapy. Secondary endpoints include the ctDNA clearance rate, 2-year disease-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, chemotherapy-related side effects and quality of life.

Ethics and dissemination
This trial has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the West China Hospital, Sichuan University (approval number: 20231998). The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at scientific conferences.

Trial registration number
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06242418, registered on 27 January 2024).

Virus salirebbe al cervello per il nervo vago favorendo malattia

Background
Colonic motility in constipation can be assessed non-invasively using MRI.

Objective
To compare MRI with high-resolution colonic manometry (HRCM) for predicting treatment response.

Design
Part 1: 44 healthy volunteers (HVs), 43 patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) and 37 with functional constipation (FC) completed stool diaries and questionnaires and underwent oral macrogol (500–1000 mL) challenge. Whole gut transit time (WGTT), segmental colonic volumes (CV), MRI-derived Motility Index and chyme movement by ‘tagging’ were assessed using MRI and time to defecation after macrogol recorded. Left colonic HRCM was recorded before and after a 700 kcal meal. Patients then proceeded to Part 2: a randomised cross-over study of 10-days bisacodyl 10 mg daily versus hyoscine 20 mg three times per day, assessing daily pain and constipation.

Results
Part 1: Total CVs median (range) were significantly greater in IBS-C (776 (595–1033)) and FC (802 (633–951)) vs HV (645 (467–780)), p

Cnr, nuovo approccio potrebbe migliore sopravvivenza pazienti

ERBB2-pathway activation, through amplification or activating mutations, represents a new target for colon cancer (CC) treatment. We compared molecular methods to the gold-standard for assessing ERBB2 status and determined the prognostic value of ERBB2 amplification, mutations, and expression using data from two phase III trials involving nearly 3,000 stage III CC patients.

Via a studio con Italia.Biopsia liquida per nuovo approccio cura

Al via uno studio con l’Italia. La biopsia liquida per un nuovo approccio di cura