Search Results for: Infezione da Helicobacter pylori: review

Infezione trasmessa attraverso puntura di zecca

Infezione trasmessa attraverso puntura di zecca

The purpose of this American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute Clinical Practice Update (CPU) is to summarize the available evidence and offer expert best practice advice on the incorporation of the functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) into clinical practice, specifically its utility in the evaluation of esophageal symptoms, esophageal motor dysfunction, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and eosinophilic esophagitis.

Il Virus Respiratorio Sinciziale (RSV) rappresenta un grave problema di salute pubblica globale. In Italia, ogni anno, tra gli over 60 si stimano 26mila ospedalizzazioni e 1.800 decessi in ambito ospedaliero. Come emerge dalla survey dell’Associazione Pazienti con BPCO, il 50% dei pazienti non conosce l’infezione

Un nuovo studio clinico randomizzato, pubblicato su JAMA Network Open, suggerisce che la vancomicina orale potrebbe ridurre il rischio di recidiva dell’infezione da Clostridioides difficile nei pazienti ad alto rischio in terapia antibiotica. Nonostante i risultati non siano statisticamente significativi, gli esperti sottolineano l’importanza di ulteriori ricerche su questa strategia preventiva.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have transformed obesity management, offering substantial weight loss and metabolic benefits. This review examines their expanding role, evaluating efficacy compared to alternative treatments, emerging indications, ongoing challenges, and future directions. Beyond obesity and type 2 diabetes, the therapeutic potential of GLP-1 RAs extends to a range of conditions such as cardiovascular disease, liver disease, neurodegenerative disease, and substance abuse disorders.

Our results suggest that postoperative IV iron supplementation reduces transfusion rates, while preoperative supplementation improves haemoglobin recovery. Clinicians may choose either strategy in an individualised, patient-centered manner. These conclusions should be interpreted with caution due to heterogeneity among included studies, limited data for subgroup analyses, and the absence of direct comparisons between preoperative and postoperative approaches.

This Review discusses the treatment and management of non–cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in adults.

This study summarizes evidence on the link between specific dietary items or patterns and the risk of IBD. These data will help inform the design of prevention trials that include a dietary component as well as prevention strategies overall.

Our findings may provide preliminary insights into future PRO assessment strategies for VEXAS syndrome. We also advocate for international concerted efforts for a rapid uptake of PRO evidence-based data that can help inform the development of patient-centric therapies for this rare disease.

This study highlights the significant burden of RSV in Asia, particularly among young children, and highlights substantial variation in seasonality and economic impact across the region. The findings emphasize the need for region-specific RSV data to inform targeted prevention strategies and healthcare resource allocation. High heterogeneity in cost estimates suggests variability in healthcare access and economic conditions, warranting further investigation.

Una recente review pubblicata su Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology ha messo in luce le nuove evidenze del possibile coinvolgimento del microbiota intestinale nella patogenesi della fibromialgia. Gli autori, tra cui compaiono due esperti italiani il prof. Piercarlo Sarzi Puttini e la prof.ssa Laura Bazzichi, sottolineano che in attesa di studi più approfonditi su tale coinvolgimento è importante adottare un approccio olistico che tengo conto anche della valutazione nutrizionale e di eventuali disbiosi.

Nel corso del congresso EULAR, sono stati presentati nuovi dati che suffragano l’impiego di avacopan nel trattamento di due vasculiti ANCA-associate (la granulomatosi con poliangioite e la poliangioite microscopica – GPA ed MPA). Il primo (AVAC-EUR), uno studio osservazionale multicentrico retrospettivo europeo, ha mostrato come la continuazione del trattamento con il farmaco si accompagni ad una riduzione delle ospedalizzazioni e dei tassi di infezione rispetto al quanto osservato con l’ìnterruzione del trattamento entro un anno. Il secondo, uno studio prospettico multicentrico italiano di real life, ha dimostrato l’efficacia precoce e duratura, la sicurezza e i miglioramenti nei punteggi della qualità di vita associati al trattamento con avacopan nella gestione delle vasculiti sopra indicate. in una coorte di pazienti italiani.

Over the past decade, measurable residual disease (MRD) has emerged as a critical tool for detecting and monitoring a variety of cancers, but particularly hematologic malignancies. The rapid adaptation of this novel approach to monitoring disease status is intuitively appealing: it offers significantly greater sensitivity than traditional methods for detecting the small population of malignant cells that persist after treatment, and which are undetectable by standard approaches such as monitoring abnormalities on radiographic scans or assessing morphologic or karyotypic changes from bone marrow sampling.

Introduction
Community-acquired pneumonia is the leading global cause of infection-related death. A subset of patients with pneumonia develops aberrant immune responses, resulting in harmful inflammation, tissue damage and significant mortality. Immunomodulatory therapies aim to blunt this dysregulated immune response and reduce resultant injury. No consensus exists on the use or impacts of immunomodulatory therapies in the management of community-acquired pneumonia. This protocol describes the methods we will use to undertake a systematic review and network meta-analysis of the effects of immunomodulatory therapies on the mortality of patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

Methods
We will undertake a systematic review and network meta-analysis investigating the use of immunomodulatory therapies in community-acquired pneumonia. Our protocol has been developed and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols guidelines and prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024565301). The primary objectives of this work are to compare the impact of immunomodulatory therapies on 28-day and 90-day mortality in adult patients admitted to hospital with a primary diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. The secondary objectives of this work are to identify any differences in the effectiveness of these immunomodulatory therapies in managing community-acquired pneumonia of differing aetiology and severity.
We will conduct a literature search of Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Global Health for all relevant articles until 30 June 2024. All observational, interventional and epidemiological studies published in English will be included, and each type of study design will be examined separately. All studies will have their titles and abstracts independently screened by two reviewers, followed by a full article eligibility review and data extraction. A third reviewer will adjudicate any disagreements. Data extracted will include, but not be limited to, the study design, country in which it was undertaken, patient characteristics (eg, age, sex, cause of CAP, severity of CAP), details regarding the immunomodulatory therapy and dosing used and the 28-day and 90-day mortality of each study arm.

Analysis
The risk of bias will be assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies – of Exposure tool for non-randomised studies and the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool for randomised control trials. The quality of evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations for network meta-analysis framework. A quantitative synthesis of data is planned for 28-day and 90-day mortality rates.
We will fit a random-effects network meta-analysis model that includes random effects for between-study heterogeneity and for inconsistency. This will be done using the metafor package for R. We will use a contrast-based approach, modelling estimated treatment effects using reference treatments. In the case of the primary objective, this will be the log odds ratio (OR) of mortality in one treatment compared with another.
Each type of study design will be examined separately. Treatments using the same immunotherapy at different doses may be grouped if appropriate.

Ethical approval and dissemination
This will be a systematic review of published literature; therefore, ethical approval is not required. To ensure communication of our findings, we will publish our results in a peer-reviewed journal and present our findings at appropriate local, national and international meetings.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42024565301.

RSV outbreaks have contributed significantly to global morbidity since the 1960s, with increasing reports over time. While the CFRs have decreased, they remain high in certain subgroups based on age, genotype, and outbreak setting. The pooled attack rate remains substantial, particularly in healthcare settings involving RSV-B genotypes and among immunosuppressed populations. This meta-analysis underscores the importance of targeted vaccination and treatment strategies for controlling RSV outbreaks worldwide in the future.