Risultati per: Le sigarette light sono più pericolose di quelle normali

Introduction
The effects of bariatric surgery have largely been studied from a medical viewpoint, seeking to measure changes in anthropometric, physiological or quality-of-life factors after the operation. Few studies, however, have focused on the dynamics of lifestyle changes. Yet we know that changing lifestyle habits—which are often part of the established social configurations at the origin of morbid obesity—is essential for a sustainable recovery from obesity. We also know that the major bodily transformations that occur in the six to twelve months following surgery produce a high degree of biographical uncertainty and affect social interactions. From a sociological perspective, the authors propose to study the processes of disruption and re-establishment of lifestyle habits in the first 24 months following bariatric surgery.

Methods and analysis
The ChiBarAPS study relies on a mixed-method longitudinal survey, comprising three components: qualitative, quantitative, literature and data review. It aims to document three main dimensions, which must be articulated to understand the dynamics of change: (1) the work undertaken by patients on themselves in order to identify and measure the evolutionary effects of surgery, as well as to adapt to them; (2) the experience of using pre- and post-surgery information and support systems, and evaluating their effects on the agency of the people who have undergone surgery; (3) the evolution of social participation and lifestyle habits. The qualitative component concerns a cohort of 30 patients, interviewed in depth (2 hours) on these three dimensions, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months after the operation. The quantitative part uses questionnaires applied to a second group of 200 patients, following the same timeline.

Ethics and dissemination
This study complies with reference methodology MR004 of the French National Data Protection Authority and was registered by the Data Protection Officer of the University of Montpellier on the activity registry of the institution (24 April 2024). Ethics approval has been obtained from the University of Montpellier ethics research board (n°UM2024-037). Informed consent will be obtained from all participants before data collection. The project has received funding from the French National Research Agency (n°ANR-23-CE41-0020-01) from February 2024 to the end of January 2028. The first results of the research will be disseminated from 2026 onwards to researchers, health professionals and patient support organisations. The results of the study will then be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals, both national and international.

Circulation, Volume 151, Issue 19, Page e1000-e1000, May 13, 2025.

Introduction
Circadian rhythm sleep–wake disturbances appear to be prevalent in psychiatric populations and may maintain and exacerbate psychiatric symptoms. Bright light therapy (BLT) is, in addition to exogenous melatonin, the treatment of choice for circadian rhythm disorders like delayed sleep–wake phase disorder (DSWPD) and has yielded promising results in patients with comorbid psychiatric illness. However, such patients are rarely offered this treatment in outpatient clinics. The aim of this randomised controlled trial is to investigate whether group BLT for psychiatric outpatients is superior to treatment as usual (TAU).

Methods and analysis
60 patients with moderate-to-severe psychiatric illness who meet the criteria for DSWPD will be recruited from an outpatient psychiatric clinic in Norway. They will be randomised (1:1) to a group-based Sleep School Wake Up! For Circadian (SSWU-C) programme conjointly with TAU or to TAU while on a wait list for SSWU-C. The SSWU-C will be delivered over four biweekly sessions, each lasting 120 min; hence treatment will last 6 weeks. Assessments will be collected at baseline (T1) and after the intervention (T2). The primary outcome will be changes in sleep timing using measures such as sleep diaries, actigraphy and dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) at 6 weeks postintervention. Secondary outcomes include changes in other sleep metrics, symptoms of depression, anxiety, fatigue, problems with work and social adjustment and well-being. Mixed models will be used for data analyses.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval was granted in 2020 by the Regional Ethics Committee in Western Norway (REK 2020/66304). Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and be presented at research conferences and in relevant media. The results may document the need for more specific sleep-directed treatments in psychiatric clinics as a way of treating not only circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders but also as a treatment to alleviate psychiatric symptoms.

Trial registration number
NCT05177055.

Circulation, Ahead of Print. The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans supports sitting less and moving more. Growing evidence suggests that a waking behavior profile with less sedentary behavior and more light-intensity physical activity is associated with more favorable cardiovascular health. Remarkably, little is known about how these behaviors relate to cardiovascular health during pregnancy. The purpose of this American Heart Association science advisory is to describe the existing evidence on device-measured sedentary behavior and light-intensity physical activity in relation to cardiovascular health during pregnancy and to make specific calls to action for future research to improve health outcomes and to promote health equity. Outcomes included adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and the American Heart Association’s Life’s Essential 8 health factor components (blood pressure, lipids, glucose, and gestational weight gain). Findings from observational studies are mixed, with preliminary evidence demonstrating an association between high sedentary behavior and increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, shorter gestational age at delivery, low or high birth weight, and elevated maternal blood pressure, lipids, glucose, and gestational weight gain. Findings for light-intensity physical activity are limited by fewer studies and are less compelling. Experimental evidence evaluating the impact of decreasing sedentary behavior or increasing light-intensity physical activity on pregnancy cardiovascular health is weak. Future observational studies with rigorous longitudinal designs and larger, diverse samples are needed to characterize associations and to inform the design of adequately powered randomized controlled trials testing the impact of decreasing sedentary behavior and increasing light-intensity physical activity on cardiovascular health during pregnancy.

Objective
We aimed to investigate the relationship between serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) and grip strength using data from the 2013–2014 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Design
Secondary analysis of cross-sectional, population-based data.

Setting
NHANES sample, 2013–2014.

Participants
We studied 1925 participants aged 20–75 years.

Outcome measures and analysis
We applied a multivariable generalised linear regression model, adjusted for several potential confounders, and restrictive cubic spline models to evaluate the association between serum NfL and grip strength. Subgroup analyses were conducted using stratified multivariable linear regression analysis.

Results
We included 1925 participants (average age: 44.8±0.44 years) from the NHANES database. Participants with higher serum NfL levels had a significantly higher prevalence of medical conditions (hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disorder, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cancer) compared with those with lower NfL levels (all p

Background
It remains unclear if the increased colorectal neoplasia detection rate in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by high-definition (HD) dye-based chromoendoscopy compared with HD white-light endoscopy is due to enhanced contrast or increased inspection times. Longer withdrawal times may yield similar neoplasia detection rates as found by HD chromoendoscopy.

Objective
To compare colorectal neoplasia detection rates for HD white-light endoscopy with segmental re-inspection and HD chromoendoscopy, using single-pass HD white-light endoscopy as an additional control group.

Design
In a multicentre, randomised controlled trial, IBD patients aged ≥18 years without active disease and scheduled for endoscopic surveillance were included. Patients were 2:2:1 randomised to HD white-light endoscopy with segmental re-inspection of each colonic segment (double pass), HD chromoendoscopy or single-pass HD white-light endoscopy. The primary outcome was colorectal neoplasia detection rate. Assuming equal colorectal neoplasia rates (non-inferiority margin of 10%) between segmental re-inspection and chromoendoscopy and superiority of segmental re-inspection vs single-pass HD white-light endoscopy, a sample size of 566 patients was required.

Results
In total, 563 patients were analysed per-protocol. Colorectal neoplasia detection rates were 10.3% (n=24/234) for HD white-light endoscopy with segmental re-inspection and 13.1% (n=28/214) for HD chromoendoscopy. This confirmed non-inferiority to HD chromoendoscopy (–2.8%, lower limit 95% CI –7.8, p

Introduction
The aim of this study was to investigate serum Neurofilament Light polypeptide (NfL) as a biomarker for diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Secondarily, to investigate vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency as a cause for DPN in adolescents with T1D.

Research design and methods
Cross-sectional study. Sixty Danish adolescents with T1D (age 15–18 years, diabetes duration >5 years) and 23 age-matched control subjects were included. Based on nerve conduction studies (NCS), intraepidermal nerve fibre density (IENFD) and neurological examination, patients were divided into three groups: (1) T1D without DPN, (2) T1D with subclinical DPN and (3) T1D with confirmed DPN. Blood levels of NfL, B12, B12-binding protein holotranscobalamin (HoloTC) and methylmalonic acid (MMA) were determined.

Results
Twenty-four of the adolescents were without DPN, twenty-one had subclinical DPN and eight had confirmed DPN. NCS was not conducted in three participants and four patients did not have blood samples taken. There were no significant differences in NfL levels or any of the B12 parameters between any of the groups.

Conclusions
NfL used in a cross-sectional manner was not found useful to distinguish between the adolescents with DPN and those without. Vitamin B12 deficiency did not contribute to neuropathy in Danish adolescents with T1D.

In Reply We read with interest the letter by Hirakawa. The author raised a concern about the methodology of our recently published meta-analysis assessing the effects of bright light therapy (BLT) for nonseasonal depression disorders. Hirakawa did not understand why a randomized clinical trial (RCT) conducted by Hirakawa et al in 2023 was not included in our systematic search. We thank the editorial board of JAMA Psychiatry for the opportunity to respond to the letter by Hirakawa.

To the Editor I read with interest the systematic review and meta-analysis in JAMA Psychiatry by Menegaz de Almeida et al, which reveals that bright light therapy (BLT) was an effective adjunctive treatment for nonseasonal depressive disorders. For this systematic review, trials were systematically searched from inception to March 25, 2024, and finally, 11 studies were included in this meta-analysis. I do not understand why the study by Hirakawa et al was not included. The study, published in December 2023, was a 4-week randomized clinical trial conducted on patients with mood disorders (including depression and bipolar disorder). Patients were randomly assigned to either a bright light exposure group (BL group; 10 000 lux) or a dim light exposure group (DL group; 50 lux). Although the primary outcome of our study was to investigate the effects of light therapy on the hippocampal dentate gyrus, we also assessed the change in clinical symptoms, evaluated using the 17-Item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) as a secondary outcome. The final sample in Hirakawa et al included 24 patients with mood disorders (BL group, n = 12; DL group, n = 12). In the BL group, the mean HAM-D score decreased from 9.1 to 4.9, and the mean BDI score decreased from 18.6 to 7.6 after 4 weeks of BLT. In the DL group, the mean HAM-D score decreased from 9.8 to 7.6, and the mean BDI score decreased from 20.9 to 14.3 after 4 weeks of BLT. Additionally, I can provide the response rate and remission rate for each group on reasonable request from the author.

Gastroenterologists are required to interpret visual data during endoscopy and make clinical decisions based on this data in real time. Room lighting is a key factor that affects this complex task. Hoff et al demonstrated that room light conditions affect the adenoma detection rate in screening colonoscopies.1 However, lighting remains a relatively unexplored feature of gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy.

Annals of Internal Medicine, Volume 178, Issue 2, Page JC21, February 2025.

Annals of Internal Medicine, Ahead of Print.

In a meta-analysis, bright light therapy was superior to placebo when added to antidepressant medication.

Stroke, Volume 56, Issue Suppl_1, Page AWP355-AWP355, February 1, 2025. Introduction:Variations in light exposure are associated with changes in inflammation. The risk of thrombotic events such as ischemic stroke have been found to oscillate with the day-light cycle.Aim:To investigate the impact of altering the light spectrum on ischemic stroke brain injury.Methods:Mice were exposed to ambient (mice-white, 300lux), red light (mice-red, 617nm) or blue light (mice-blue, 442 nm) with 12:12 hour light:dark cycle for 72 hours. After 72 hours of light exposure, male and female mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Stroke outcomes were assessed at 24 hours.Results:Exposure to long wavelength red light resulted in a significant reduction in infarct volume following stroke (mice-red 38.8±17.6 mm3 vs. mice-white 73.3±15.0 mm3; p