Search Results for: World Alzheimer Report 2015

Luogo d’incontro nel parco della residenza protetta ‘Muzi Betti’

Circulation, Ahead of Print. BACKGROUND:Direct reprogramming of fibroblasts to cardiomyocytes is a potentially curative strategy for ischemic heart disease. However, current reprogramming strategies require excessive factors due to epigenetic barriers of adult mouse and human fibroblasts. Recently, we identified the epigenetic factor PHF7 from a screen of gene-regulatory factors as the most potent activator of adult fibroblast-to-cardiomyocyte reprogramming in vitro.METHODS:Through in vitro assays coupled with genome-wide studies, we interrogated the ability of PHF7 to induce reprogramming events with minimal reprogramming factors. Using in vivo murine models of myocardial infarction and intramyocardial reprogramming factor delivery coupled with genetic fibroblast lineage tracing, we delivered retroviral PHF7 cocktails to the murine heart and interrogated reprogramming events as well as the acute and chronic functional impact of these cocktails. Deployment of 10X multiomics in vivo generated a combinatorial single-nucleus transcriptomic and epigenomic atlas of PHF7 reprogramming in the infarcted heart.RESULTS:Genome-wide in vitro transcriptomic analyses revealed that addition of PHF7 to Tbx5 or Mef2c and Tbx5 in fibroblasts induced global reprogramming through upregulation of unique cardiac transcriptomes. Further, PHF7 itself upregulated cardiac master regulators when overexpressed in dermal fibroblasts. Delivery of PHF7 cocktails to the infarcted murine heart induced in vivo reprogramming events and improved cardiac function and remodeling in both acute and chronic heart failure. When delivered as a single factor to the infarcted heart, PHF7 improved survival, function, and fibrosis up to 16 weeks after injury. Genetic lineage tracing analyses revealed that PHF7 induced bona fide fibroblast-to-cardiomyocyte reprogramming events in vivo. Comprehensive multiomics of PHF7 cocktails in the infarcted heart exposed the impact of PHF7 on chromatin structure, generating population-level shifts in nonmyocyte and cardiomyocyte cellular identity.CONCLUSIONS:Here, we report the ability of a single epigenetic factor, PHF7, to induce reprogramming and improve cardiac function in the mouse heart following myocardial infarction. Together, these data support the premise that a single factor, when deployed into the infarcted mouse heart, can induce reprogramming events and recover function in the ischemic heart.

Objectives
Women with severe mental illness (SMI) face barriers to cervical cancer screening, leading to lower participation and poorer outcomes. This research aimed to develop and test an informed-choice tool to help women with SMI make informed decisions about screening attendance.

Design
The tool was developed using a realist review of physical health interventions and a systematic review of informed-choice tools for people with SMI. A mixed-methods approach informed its development. Usability and acceptability were assessed through semistructured interviews and the think-aloud method with service users (n=18), clinicians (n=16) and key informants. A preliminary proof-of-concept (n=25) evaluated the impact on decisional conflict—the uncertainty around making value-sensitive choices.

Setting and participants
Conducted in two National Health Service (NHS) Mental Health Trusts (urban and rural). Participants included women with SMI accessing secondary mental healthcare, clinicians and service user groups. A key informants’ group guided clinical content.

Intervention
A cervical screening informed-choice leaflet and an accompanying video.

Results
The tool was usable and acceptable, especially for women overdue or never screened. It may reduce decisional conflict and increase screening uptake, potentially improving survival. An National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR)-funded feasibility trial (Improving uptake of cervical screening in people with severe mental illness (OPTMISE)) is underway. The current UK government guidance on Support for people who find it hard to attend cervical screening due to having a mental health condition or having experienced trauma or abuse is based on this research.

Conclusions
Future research may involve further assessments of the real-world impact of the tool and its adaptation to other health-related decisions.

Introduction
The global population of individuals aged 60 years and older is growing rapidly, presenting multiple complex challenges, including frailty, cognitive decline, functional impairments, multimorbidity and polypharmacy. Consequently, addressing the rehabilitation needs of this age group poses significant difficulties in today’s world. There is some evidence that community-based rehabilitation approaches can meet the unique rehabilitation needs of older individuals. Therefore, this scoping review aims to explore the application of community-based rehabilitation approaches for the older adult population.

Methods and analysis
This scoping review will follow the methodological framework outlined by Arksey and O’Malley. The search will be conducted using academic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science, with the search terms ‘community-based rehabilitation,’ ‘aged,’ ‘older,’ ‘elder’ and ‘geriatric’. Additionally, Google Scholar will be used to identify relevant literature. Publications in English from inception to January 2025 that explicitly address community-based rehabilitation programmes for older adults will be eligible. Inclusion criteria encompass studies reporting on CBR interventions, outcomes or implementation targeting older adults with disabilities or vulnerabilities, across diverse geographic and socioeconomic contexts. Both peer-reviewed articles and grey literature (eg, reports, guidelines, theses) will be considered. Studies focusing solely on clinical or institutional rehabilitation without community components will be excluded. The study selection process will occur in two stages, involving the participation of three reviewers. A data extraction form will be used to systematically extract data from all included studies.

Ethics and dissemination
This scoping review was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (Code:IR.USWR.REC.1404.034), and the results will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.

Introduction
Social media sites are increasingly used to assess and treat different mental health problems in adolescents and young adults. However, it is still unclear which social network sites are the most used for this purpose and what interventions for tackling unhealthy body image have been validated. This systematic review will assess evidence on the effectiveness of social media interventions in improving unhealthy body image among adolescents and young adults.

Methods and analysis
Five databases, including Embase, Scopus, MEDLINE, Web of Science (Core Collection) and PsycINFO, will be consulted, with a publication window starting in 2011 and ending on 31 October 2024. Rayyan software will detect and eliminate duplicates. We will include only studies based on social media-based interventions for adolescents and young adults with body image problems. Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts and full-text articles, resolving conflicts through discussion with a third reviewer as needed. The two reviewers will complete the risk of bias assessments for each included study, using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklists for randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies. We will report on the characteristics of studies, participants and interventions in descriptive narrative form, along with the results from the assessment of social media interventions.

Ethics and dissemination
Universidad Cesar Vallejo’s ethics committee approved this systematic review protocol as part of a wider project (code 100-CEI-EPM-UCV-2022). Results will be shared via social media to engage stakeholders and promote awareness of body image issues.

Purpose
The SEV-IDF programme aims to track infants born before 33 weeks of gestation, with very low birth weight (VLBW), neonatal encephalopathy or severe birth anomalies and perinatal disease. It employs an open, prospective, multicentric, population-based cohort approach. This report aims to describe the methodology employed to establish and manage the programme, details regarding follow-up procedures, baseline characteristics of the included infants, and highlights new research opportunities emerging from the “Suivi des Enfants Vulnérables d’Ile-de-France” (SEV-IDF) programme.

Participants
The programme aims to (1) detect developmental anomalies early, (2) improve prevention using standardised data, (3) optimise follow-up care and (4) support multidisciplinary research.
Eligible participants are infants alive at discharge from the 59 maternities with a neonatal unit of the Île-de-France (IDF) region (France). A network of 567 trained physicians monitors the children’s development at 4 months, 1 and 2 years of corrected age, and 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 years of age. Collected data include sociodemographic, pregnancy and neonatal characteristics, and standardised child development scores.

Findings to date
The programme enrolled 21 175 participants between 2016 and 2023, with 16 461 (77.7%) having a gestational age less than 33 weeks, 1916 (9.0%) others having VLBW, 1525 (7.2%) having encephalopathy and 1273 (6.0%) having another severe birth anomaly.

Future plans
The collected data will enable the SEV-IDF scientific committee to describe high-risk infants in the IDF region, design evidence-based campaigns to improve the quality and effectiveness of the follow-up as well as conduct research on developmental anomalies in these high-risk infants. Ongoing research currently focuses on anticipating loss to follow-up and early detection of developmental anomalies.

To the Editor On behalf of our coauthors, we write to report an error in an immunoblot for BCL2 for patient 2 in Figure 1B of our article “Association of a MicroRNA/TP53 Feedback Circuitry With Pathogenesis and Outcome of B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia,” published in JAMA on January 5, 2011. Apparently, a careful reader brought concern about this figure panel to the attention of the journal editors, who shared the concern with us. First of all, we would like to thank the reader and the journal editors for bringing this issue to our attention. We take these concerns very seriously and we aim to preserve rigor in science.

Poetry catalyzes memory, as other poems featured in JAMA have variously demonstrated. It is used directly among patients with dementia in programs such as the Alzheimer’s Poetry Project to reproducibly beneficial effect. “Missing Father” offers another example of the connections between poetry and memory. The poem both describes actual memories while at the same time seeming to spark more of them. The paradoxical double meaning of the title both reports on and grieves for the lost voice of the storyteller father—he is both absent and an actively yearned-for presence—while the first line’s immediacy of “this morning being” ironically unleashes vivid memories, from the sound of his voice “rising/from the worn pages” of a picture book to the uncanny word-picture of the speaker and her twin sister eagerly awaiting his return from work, “pajamas hanging on us/like wilted petunias.” The poem reanimates them all together as they chant the names of the book’s characters, simultaneously recalling both the tenderness of a distant childhood and enacting poetry’s mooted origins in the passing down of community wisdom through incantatory language. Yet even as poetry facilitates such recollection, and helps sustain the more practical, trying search for “nursing homes close and affordable,” ultimately it cannot bring back the long-gone, stricken father; instead, it becomes an act of healing, remembering that brighter time of more bearable loss, “a day when the only problem/was a carrot missing from/Mister McGregor’s garden.”

The monoclonal antibody nirsevimab demonstrated strong real-world protection against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)—the leading cause of infant hospitalization in the US—in a meta-analysis published in The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health.

Lecanemab became the first disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer disease (AD) to receive traditional approval by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2023. Although the monoclonal antibody can remove amyloid-β plaques, the drug has been linked to brain changes known as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). A new study of patients with early symptomatic AD treated at an outpatient memory clinic suggests these and other adverse events are manageable in this population.

This May, the World Health Assembly (WHA) will vote on re-establishing a mandate for the WHO to address the health consequences of nuclear weapons and war.1 Health professionals and their associations should urge their governments to support such a mandate and support the new United Nations (UN) comprehensive study on the effects of nuclear war. The first atomic bomb exploded in the New Mexico desert 80 years ago, in July 1945. Three weeks later, two relatively small (by today’s standards), tactical-size nuclear weapons unleashed a cataclysm of radioactive incineration on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. By the end of 1945, about 213 000 people were dead.2 Tens of thousands more have died from late effects of the bombings. Last December, Nihon Hidankyo, a movement that brings together atomic bomb survivors, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for its ‘efforts to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons…

Message Subepithelial lesions (SLEs) are often detected incidentally during endoscopic examination. They represent a heterogeneous group of lesions including non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesion, the most relevant of which may be gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) and neuroendocrine tumours (NET). We report the biggest SELs database (4901 cases) on histology characteristics of different SELs resected endoscopically (mean size 1.45 cm, range 0.80–1.90 cm). In the oesophagus, leiomyomas comprised 95.7% of all lesions, while, in the stomach, GIST tumours were the predominant lesions (40.3%), but mostly in body (39.8%) and fundus (46.2%), much less so in the antrum (13.6%). Most of the gastric GISTs were of very low or low risk (93.1%). In the antrum, non-neoplastic lesions were most prominent (48.5%), and 20.1% lipomas were lipomas. Only a few lesions were resected in the duodenum (n=208), mostly non-neoplastic (35.6%), as were in the colorectum (n=592), with the vast majority being rectal NETs (55.9%)….

Objective
Marked gender differences have been observed in ‘deaths of despair’, with suicides, drug overdoses and alcohol-related diseases more common among men. The present study examines whether men use fewer mental healthcare services than women during the years before dying from diseases of despair.

Design
Retrospective cohort study: population-wide administrative register data, covering all registered inhabitants of Norway, are analysed using descriptive statistics, logistic regression and ordinary least squares linear probability models. The regression models are adjusted for age and sociodemographic covariates (marriage, immigrant background, education and employment status), measured at baseline (2008).

Setting
Norway 2008–2017.

Participants
Men (number of observations (n) = 1 593 044) and women (n=1 569 717) who fell within the 15–69 age range in 2008 and were still alive and residing in Norway in 2014.

Outcome measures
Mental healthcare utilisation during a 6-year period (2009–2014) is monitored in men and women who died prematurely (

Introduction
Severe perinatal asphyxia at term or near term remains a critical public health issue, associated with high risks of neonatal death and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). Despite improved clinical guidelines, suboptimal care persists in many cases, and previous audits have demonstrated that up to 50% of asphyxia cases could be associated with suboptimal care. OptiNeoCare is a French study which aims to assess the prevalence and determinants of suboptimal obstetric and neonatal care and evaluate its potential impact on neonatal outcomes.

Materials and methods
This prospective, population-based observational study will include newborns ≥36 weeks’ gestation with severe perinatal asphyxia across 12 French perinatal networks (213 maternity units). Inclusion criteria comprise neonatal death or moderate/severe HIE with confirmed biochemical markers of asphyxia. Data will be collected prospectively from labour wards, transport teams and neonatal intensive care units using an electronic case report form, and the in-situ team will be invited to complete a morbi-mortality review (MMR). Approximately 336 cases will be included over 12 months, with 25% randomly selected for confidential enquiry by two experts. The quality of care will be assessed based on a structured classification of medical errors (diagnostic, therapeutic, preventive and systemic) by a panel of experts including an obstetrician or midwife and a paediatrician. Root cause analysis will identify determinants of suboptimal care. A concordance analysis will compare findings from MMRs and confidential enquiries. Statistical analysis will include multivariable logistic regression to explore associations between care quality and neonatal outcomes.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee for Research in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Informed non-opposition is required from participants. Results will be shared with participating centres, healthcare professionals and through scientific dissemination.

Trial registration number
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06322732.

Objectives
Elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has been studied in patients who received thrombolysis or who were treated early in the primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) era; LVEDP was found to be a predictor of adverse outcomes in these retrospective post hoc analyses. The aim of the current analysis is to assess the prognostic value of the elevated LVEDP in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI in current contemporary practice.

Design
Prospective, single-centre study.

Participants
Our study enrolled STEMI patients with elevated LVEDP undergoing primary PCI at John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia.

Primary outcome measure
The primary endpoint was the combination of 12-month all-cause mortality and heart failure admissions, comparing different quartiles of LVEDP.

Results
A total of 997 patients underwent primary PCI at our hospital during the 5-year study period (age: 64±13 years, males: 73%; n=728) from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2019. The median LVEDP for the whole cohort was 27 mm Hg (IQR: 22–31 mm Hg). The median LVEDP was 17 mm Hg (IQR: 13–18 mm Hg) and 33 mm Hg (IQR: 30–36 mm Hg) for 1st and 4th quartiles respectively (p