Risultati per: Identificate le origini evolutive di SARS-CoV-2

The study by Lee et al1 showed that the short-term current use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for less than 1 month was associated with severe clinical outcomes for patients with COVID-19. The authors speculated that individuals taking PPIs had increased gastric pH, leading to higher SARS-CoV-2 viral loads associated with a severe course of COVID-19. Many studies suggested that a proportion of patients with COVID-19 experiencing GI symptoms such as diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting had overall more severe disease.2 However, it is not clearly understood how SARS-CoV-2 could survive the passage through the harsh gastric acidity and persist through the intestinal contents to infect the intestinal epithelia. It is known that the gastric pH varies greatly, depending on whether the individual is in a fasting or feeding state (between 1.23 and 6.7, respectively).3 Similarly, bile concentrations in the small intestine can fluctuate from…

We read with interest the article by Kennedy et al, which demonstrated adequate serological responses to two-dose regimens of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in individuals with IBD.1 However, a decay in antibody levels has been shown in the IBD population after two vaccine doses, with anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapies associated with a more rapid decline.2–4 Despite recommendations for three-dose vaccine regimens for individuals with IBD,5 the uptake has been low in this population.6 We examined the serological response following three doses of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in persons with IBD, the factors associated with antibody titres and the decay of antibody titres over time. Adults aged 18 years or older with a confirmed diagnosis of IBD who received three doses of an mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA (Comirnaty) or NIH-Moderna mRNA-1273 (Spikevax)) were recruited from 25 June 2021…

Circulation, Volume 147, Issue 10, Page 843-845, March 7, 2023.

Circulation, Volume 147, Issue 10, Page e653-e654, March 7, 2023.

Circulation, Volume 147, Issue 10, Page e655-e656, March 7, 2023.

Objective
To describe and synthesise studies of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence by occupation prior to the widespread vaccine roll-out.

Methods
We identified studies of occupational seroprevalence from a living systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42020183634). Electronic databases, grey literature and news media were searched for studies published during January–December 2020. Seroprevalence estimates and a free-text description of the occupation were extracted and classified according to the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) 2010 system using a machine-learning algorithm. Due to heterogeneity, results were synthesised narratively.

Results
We identified 196 studies including 591 940 participants from 38 countries. Most studies (n=162; 83%) were conducted locally versus regionally or nationally. Sample sizes were generally small (median=220 participants per occupation) and 135 studies (69%) were at a high risk of bias. One or more estimates were available for 21/23 major SOC occupation groups, but over half of the estimates identified (n=359/600) were for healthcare-related occupations. ‘Personal Care and Service Occupations’ (median 22% (IQR 9–28%); n=14) had the highest median seroprevalence.

Conclusions
Many seroprevalence studies covering a broad range of occupations were published in the first year of the pandemic. Results suggest considerable differences in seroprevalence between occupations, although few large, high-quality studies were done. Well-designed studies are required to improve our understanding of the occupational risk of SARS-CoV-2 and should be considered as an element of pandemic preparedness for future respiratory pathogens.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cohort of homeless people using survival analysis. Seroprevalence in the homeless community was also compared with that of the general population.

Design
Cohort study.

Setting
Data were collected across two testing sessions, 3 months apart, during which each participant was tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and completed a face-to-face survey.

Participants
All homeless adults sleeping rough, in slums or squats, in emergency shelters or transitional accommodation in Marseille were eligible.

Primary outcome measures
Occurrence of a seroconversion event defined as a biologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Local data from a national seroprevalence survey were used for comparison between homeless people and the general population.

Results
A total of 1249 people were included. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence increased from 6.0% (4.7–7.3) during the first session to 18.9% (16.0–21.7) during the second one, compared with 3.0% (1.9–4.2) and 6.5% (4.5–8.7) in the general population. Factors significantly associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection were: having stayed in emergency shelters (1.93 (1.18–3.15)), being an isolated parent (1.64 (1.07–2.52)) and having contact with more than 5–15 people per day (1.84 (1.27–2.67)). By contrast, smoking (0.46 (0.32–0.65)), having financial resources (0.70 (0.51–0.97)) and psychiatric or addictive comorbidities (0.52 (0.32–0.85)) were associated with a lower risk.

Conclusion
We confirm that homeless people have higher infection rates than the general population, with increased risk in emergency shelters. There is growing evidence that, in addition to usual preventive measures, public policies should pay attention to adapt the type of accommodation and overall approach of precariousness.

Trial registration number
NCT04408131

Objectives
To estimate the prevalence of long COVID symptoms in children with and without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to evaluate factors associated with long COVID.

Design
A nationwide cross-sectional study.

Setting
Primary care.

Participants
3240 parents of children aged 5–18 with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection completed an online questionnaire (11.9% response rate); 1148 and 2092 with/without a history of infection, respectively.

Primary and secondary outcome measures
Primary outcome was the prevalence of long COVID symptoms in children with/without a history of infection. Secondary outcomes were the factors associated with the presence of long COVID symptoms and with failure to return to baseline health status in children with a history of infection including gender, age, time from illness, symptomatic illness and vaccine status.

Results
Most long COVID symptoms were more prevalent in children with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection: headaches (211 (18.4%) vs 114 (5.4%), p

Annals of Internal Medicine, Ahead of Print.

A recent systematic review of studies found that people who have been vaccinated against COVID-19 and have had a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, known as having hybrid immunity, have better protection against the Omicron variant than those with only a previous infection.

To the Editor I have several concerns about the recent study that found no significant association of SARS-CoV-2 infection with autoimmunity related to type 1 diabetes in groups of children and adolescents from Colorado and from Bavaria, Germany.

This Medical News story discusses a study that found possible associations between postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection.

In Reply We welcome the opportunity to address the comments expressed by Dr Chang about our recent Research Letter, which found no association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and presymptomatic type 1 diabetes.

To the Editor We have several comments about the recent study that concluded that nasal swabs collected by children and adolescents have similar diagnostic performance to those collected by health care professionals.

This Medical News article discusses whether swabbing both the nose and the throat might improve the sensitivity of rapid antigen COVID-19 tests.

In Reply We appreciate the letter from Drs Hong and Sung about our study, which demonstrated the ability of children and adolescents to self-collect samples for respiratory virus testing and independently participate in their medical care.