Risultati per: Acidi grassi Omega-3 e Omega-6 associati a un rischio inferiore di cancro

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Circulation, Volume 148, Issue Suppl_1, Page A14863-A14863, November 6, 2023. Rationale:Exposure to air pollution is associated with adverse health effects through systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. One mechanism of beneficial effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 FA) is mediated via their inflammation resolution process by generating bioactive lipid mediators known as oxylipins.Objective:This study examined the association between n-3 FA-derived bioactive oxylipins and short-term exposure to ambient air pollution in healthy adults.Methods:Fifteen healthy adults were enrolled into either high or low n-3 groups based on n-3 FA intake and the participants underwent 4-5 blood collections for lipidomic profile of 55 oxylipins. Associations between ambient ozone, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels and plasma oxylipins were assessed using mixed-effects models stratified by fatty acids levels.Results:Average concentrations of ozone (40.8±11.1 ppb), NO2(5.3±3.8 ppb), and PM2.5(10.2±4.1 μg/m3) were below national ambient air quality standards during the study period. Compared to the low n-3 group exposed to ozone and PM2.5, high n-3 group had significant reduction in arachidonic acids (AA) derived pro-inflammatory oxylipins produced by lipoxygenase (LOX). For instance, 12 HETE was negatively associated with ozone levels [for an IQR increase in ozone, -58.1% (95% CI:-96.8, -19.4) vs. 14.5% (95% CI:-33, 62)] and PM2.5concentrations [for an IQR increase in PM2.5, -29.6% (95% CI:-49.1, -10.1) vs. 28.5% (95% CI:-3.8, 60.9)] at lag4 in the high n-3 group while the association was null in the low n-3 group. In contrast, high n-3 group exposed to ozone and PM2.5had significant increases in EPA and DHA derived pro-resolving oxylipins produced by LOX and cytochrome p450 (CYP) and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) compared to the low n-3 group.Conclusions:We observed negative associations between short-term ambient air pollutants and pro-inflammatory oxylipins in the high n-3 groups, while the associations between short-term ambient air pollutants and pro-resolving oxylipins were positive in the high n-3 groups, suggesting that n-3 derived lipid mediators may mediate the inflammation resolution process in response to low levels of ambient air pollution in healthy adults.

Circulation, Volume 148, Issue Suppl_1, Page A13778-A13778, November 6, 2023. Background:Benefits of omega-3 administration in preventing cardiovascular (CV) events are controversial. In particular, while statins have been associated with significant reduction of revascularizations (Revasc), effects of omega-3 on Revasc are unclear.Aim:To metanalyze evidence on the effect of omega-3 administration on incident Revasc and CV events (myocardial infarction [MI], stroke, heart failure [HF], CV death).Methods:We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web-of-Science and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with ≥500 participants comparing the effects of omega-3 formulations [decosahexanoic acid+eicosapentaenoic acid (DHA+EPA) or EPA alone] versus placebo.Results:Seventeen RCTs with participants (both primary and secondary CV prevention) randomized to DHA+EPA (n=52,498) or EPA alone (n=13,415) and controls (n=65,771) were included. Follow-up ranged from 4.5 months to 7.4 years. Significant heterogeneity emerged among studies (Figure). Overall, compared to controls omega-3 supplementation was associated with reduced risk of Revasc (Figure) and MI [0.89, 95% CI 0.80-0.98; pheter=0.04; I2=45%; p=0.02] with no significant effect on stroke, HF, and CV death. Reduced risk of Revasc was still observed when most (≥60%) participants were already on statins (Figure). Compared to DHA+EPA, EPA alone was associated with a greater reduced risk of Revasc (Figure) and stroke [0.72, 95% CI 0.55-0.95], with no significant effect on HF and CV death. No significant differences were observed for DHA+EPA dose ≤0.9g/day vs >0.9g/day, or EPA alone ≤0.7 g/day vs >0.7 g/day.Conclusions:Omega-3 supplementation resulted in reduced risk of Revascularization, unaffected by background statin use. Use of EPA alone appeared to be associated with even greater benefits. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of omega-3 supplementation in preventing hard CV events

Circulation, Volume 148, Issue Suppl_1, Page A16764-A16764, November 6, 2023. Background:Elevated triglyceride levels are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA) are known to reduce triglyceride levels, but whether changes in triglycerides mediate any cardiovascular effects of n-3PUFA, remains unclear.Methods:In the randomized controlled OMEMI trial, 1014 elderly (70-82 years) patients with a recent acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were treated with 1.8 g/day of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or placebo (corn oil) for two years, and followed for the primary outcome of MACE (AMI, coronary revascularization, stroke, heart failure hospitalization or all-cause death). Relative changes in triglycerides from baseline to 3 months (n=920, 91%), were associated with incident MACE (N=175) using landmark Cox regression models.Results:The median (Q1-Q3) baseline triglyceride concentration was 97 (74-135) mg/dL, and higher levels were associated with higher BMI, diabetes and heart failure, in multivariable models. After 3 months of treatment, triglycerides decreased by median -10% and 0% in the n-3PUFA and placebo groups, respectively, followed by relatively stable levels at 12 and 24 months (Figure). Greater triglyceride reductions at 3-months were associated with a lower risk of MACE in the n-3PUFA group (HR 1.98 [95%CI 1.23-3.17] per doubling, p=0.004;Figure), and this persisted after adjusting for baseline triglycerides, age, sex, BMI and comorbidities (HR 2.34 [1.37-3.98], p=0.002). Changes in triglycerides did not associate with MACE in the placebo group (HR 1.13 [0.63-2.02], p=0.68).Conclusion:Treatment with 1.8 g/day of EPA/DHA modestly reduced triglyceride levels and greater on-treatment triglyceride-reductions were associated with a lower risk of MACE. Although the overall OMEMI-trial was neutral, these findings suggest that n-3PUFA-related triglyceride changes may play a role with respect to cardiovascular outcomes.

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