Risultati per: Le cause della polmonite nei bambini

Background and objectives
Circulatory system disease (CSD) patterns vary over time and between countries, related to lifestyle risk factors, associated in turn with socioeconomic circumstances. Current global CSD epidemics in developing economies are similar in scale to those observed previously in the USA and Australasia. Australia exhibits an important macroeconomic phenomenon as a rapidly transitioning economy with high immigration throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. We wished to examine how that historical immigration related to CSD patterns subsequently.

Methods and setting
We provide a novel empirical analysis employing census-derived place of birth by age bracket and sex from 1891 to 1986, in order to map patterns of immigration against CSD mortality rates from 1907 onwards. Age-specific generalised additive models for both CSD mortality in the general population, and all-cause mortality for the foreign-born (FB) only, from 1910 to 1980 were also devised for both males and females.

Results
The percentage of FB fell from 32% in 1891 to 9.8% in 1947. Rates of CSD rose consistently, particularly from the 1940s onwards, peaked in the 1960s, then declined sharply in the 1980s and showed a strong period effect across age groups and genders. The main effects of age and census year and their interaction were highly statistically significant for CSD mortality for males (p

Case presentation A 55-year-old man presented with abdominal distension, vomiting, fever for 3 days and weight loss. He smoked 40 cigarettes and drank 100 g of alcohol per day. He had no documented medical or drug history and no history of receptive anal intercourse. Abdominal examination revealed diffuse tenderness. Laboratory values disclosed neutrophilia (13 720/µL), normocytic anaemia (7.4 g/dL), hypoalbuminaemia (25.2 g/L) and elevated inflammatory markers (C reactive protein of 70.27 mg/L, procalcitonin of 5.200 ng/mL), without eosinophilia (140/µL). HIV serology was negative. Stool was positive for occult blood, but parasite examination was negative. CT of the chest indicated diffuse lung inflammation. Contrast-enhanced CT of the abdominal showed air-filled dilated bowel loops with fluid levels and extensive wall thickening suggestive of small bowel obstruction and active enteritis (figure 1). Gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a 0.5×0.6 cm pyloric ulcer (figure 2A), multiple shallow ulcers in the ileocecal junction (figure…

Objectives
This study aimed to examine the association between anxiety disorders and/or major depression disorder (ADs/MDD) and all-cause mortality in a 50-year perspective and to examine specific risk and health factors that may influence such an association.

Design
Observational population study, 1968–2019.

Setting
The Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden (PSWG).

Participants
In 1968–1969, 899 (out of 1462) women from PSWG were selected according to date of birth for a psychiatric investigation, including diagnostic evaluation. Eight hundred (89%) were accepted. Twenty-two women were excluded. Of the 778 included, 135 participants (17.4 %) had solely ADs, 32 (4.1%) had solely MDD and 25 (3.2%) had comorbid AD/MDD.

Primary and secondary outcome measures
Associations between ADs, MDD, comorbid AD/MDD and all-cause mortality with adjustments for potential confounding factors. Differences between the groups concerning health and risk factors and their association with mortality.

Results
In a fully adjusted model, ADs were non-significantly associated with all-cause mortality (HR 1.17, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.41). When examining age during risk time as separate intervals, a significant association between mortality and AD was seen in the group of participants who died at the age of 65–80 years (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.29). In the younger or older age interval, the association did not reach significance at the 95% level of confidence. Among confounding factors, smoking and physical activity were the strongest contributors. The association between smoking and mortality tended to be further increased in the group with ADs versus the group without such disorders (HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.60 to 2.75 and HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.56 to 2.12, respectively).

Conclusions
This study suggests potential links between ADs, age and mortality among women with 50 years of follow-up, but does not provide definitive conclusions due to the borderline significance of the results.

Objective
To investigate the association of fat and lean mass in specific regions with all-cause and cardiovascular-related mortality.

Design
Population based cohort study.

Setting
US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003–2006 and 2011–2018).

Participants
22 652 US adults aged 20 years or older.

Exposures
Fat and lean mass in specific regions obtained from the whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Main outcome measures
All-cause and cardiovascular-related mortality.

Results
During a median of 83 months of follow-up, 1432 deaths were identified. Associations between body composition metrics and mortality risks were evident above specific thresholds. For all-cause mortality, Android fat mass showed elevated HRs above 2.46 kg (HR: 1.17, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.34), while Android lean mass (ALM) had similar trends above 2.75 kg (HR: 1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.33), and Android total mass above 5.75 kg (HR: 1.08, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.16). Conversely, lower HRs were observed below certain thresholds: Gynoid fat mass (GFM) below 3.71 kg (HR: 0.72, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.93), Gynoid lean mass below 6.44 kg (HR: 0.77, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.92), and Gynoid total mass below 11.78 kg (HR: 0.76, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.84). Notably, below 0.722 kg, the HR of visceral adipose tissue mass (VATM) was 1.25 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.48) for all-cause mortality, and above 3.18 kg, the HR of total abdominal fat mass was 2.41 (95% CI 1.15 to 5.05). Cardiovascular-related mortality exhibited associations as well, particularly for Android fat mass (AFM) above 1.78 kg (HR: 1.22, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.47) and below 7.16 kg (HR: 0.50, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.69). HRs varied for Gynoid total mass below and above 10.98 kg (HRs: 0.70, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.93, and 1.12, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.23). Android per cent fat, subcutaneous fat mass (SFM), AFM/GFM, and VATM/SFM were not statistically associated with all-cause mortality. Android per cent fat, Gynoid per cent fat, AFM/GFM, and VATM/SFM were not statistically associated with cardiovascular-related mortality. Conicity index showed that the ALM/GLM had the highest performance for all-cause and cardiovascular-related mortality with AUCs of 0.785, and 0.746, respectively.

Conclusions
The relationship between fat or lean mass and all-cause mortality varies by region. Fat mass was positively correlated with cardiovascular mortality, regardless of the region in which they located. ALM/GLM might be a better predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular-related mortality than other body components or body mass index.

Nasce progetto Pet Co-therapy, visita dei calciatori del Bologna

Nasce progetto Pet Co-therapy, visita dei calciatori del Bologna

Domani la Giornata Mondiale della Prematurità

Circulation, Volume 148, Issue Suppl_1, Page A13855-A13855, November 6, 2023. Background:The American Heart Association recommended Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) as a simple cardiovascular health (CVH) metric. While optimal LE8 scores are associated with greater CVH and longevity, the mechanisms underlying these associations are unclear.Objective:To characterize the associations between LE8, epigenetic age scores, CVD, and all-cause mortality.Methods:LE8 scores were calculated for 5,669 participants in the Framingham Heart Study. Mixed proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the associations between LE8 score and CVD and all-cause mortality. We conducted mediation analyses to calculate the proportion of the association between LE8 score and CVD and all-cause mortality that is mediated by DNA methylation-based epigenetic age markers (GrimAge and PhenoAge). We performed stratified mediation analyses based on median-dichotomized polygenic risk score (PRS) of epigenetic age markers.Results:Higher LE8 scores, indicating better CVH, were associated with lower risk of CVD. One standard deviation (SD) increase in LE8 score was associated with a 35% decreased risk of CVD (95% CI: 27%, 41%,p=1.8E-15). One SD increase in LE8 was also associated with a 29% decreased risk of all-cause mortality (95% CI: 22%, 35%,p=7.0E-15). These associations were partly mediated by epigenetic age: the mean proportions of mediation by GrimAge and PhenoAge were 21% and 2% (p=0.23) for CVD and 67% and 6% for all-cause mortality, respectively. In our stratified analysis, potential mediation effects of GrimAge and PhenoAge were more profound in participants with a higher PRS. For GrimAge, the proportion of mediation for the association between LE8 and CVD was 39% (95% CI: 14%, 80%,p=8.8E-04) for participants in the upper half of higher GrimAge PRS whereas there was no significant mediation for those with low GrimAge PRS values. For the association between LE8 and all-cause mortality, the proportion of mediation by GrimAge was 81% (95% CI: 48%, 100%,p

Circulation, Volume 148, Issue Suppl_1, Page A15052-A15052, November 6, 2023. Background:In 2022, the American Heart Association (AHA) updated the list of modifiable lifestyle factors most important for cardiovascular health to include sleep. Sleep disturbances, such as insomnia and sleep apnea, have been associated with an increased risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the relationship between sleep duration and mortality remains to be fully elucidated.Methods:We used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data linked to National Death Index records to examine the association between sleep duration and CVD and all-cause mortality. A representative sample of 37,975 adults aged ≥20 years participated in the survey, which included assessments of social, behavioral, and metabolic factors, including usual weekday sleep duration. Sleep duration was categorized as (1) ideal (6-

Circulation, Volume 148, Issue Suppl_1, Page A18878-A18878, November 6, 2023. Background:Ca-NBTE primarily affects the mitral valve (MV) and aortic valve (AV), with rare involvement of the right heart valves. Premortem descriptions of this condition are limited to a few case reports. This study presents an initial clinical series focusing on patients with Ca-NBTE specifically affecting their right heart valves. We describe the underlying cancers, types of valve lesions, and associated embolic complications.Patients and Methods:A electronic search of medical records (March 31, 2002, to June 30, 2022) was followed by a manual review to identify adult patients with echocardiographically detected NBTE, active cancer, and no infectious endocarditis or lupus anticoagulant/antiphospholipid antibodies.Results:Out of 115 identified patients with Ca-NBTE (mean age 63.2±9.7 years, 66.1% female), there were 8 cases (7.0%) affecting right heart valves (mean age 64.5±12.1 years, 3 females) with underlying cancer: pancreatic (n=3), lung (n= 2), genitourinary (n=1), gastric (n=1) and neck sarcomatoid carcinoma (n=1). TV was affected in 8 patients and PV in one case; 4 patients had Ca-NBTE limited only to PV, 2 patients had MV and TV, 1 patient had mitral, aortic and TV, and 1 patient with pancreatic cancer had all four valves affected by NBTE. 5 patients had embolic complications to the brain with one patient in that group also experiencing emboli to the kidney and spleen. Out of 4 patients with NBTE limited to TV, two still had brain emboli, one had only pulmonary embolism, and one patient had no embolic complications.Conclusion:Around 7% of Ca-NBTE cases involve the right heart valves, with half of these cases limited to the TV. The cancer profile in these cases resembles that seen in left heart valve involvement.

Circulation, Volume 148, Issue Suppl_1, Page A18940-A18940, November 6, 2023. CASE DESCRIPTION:A 73-year-old male with HTN, HLD, CAD/MI status post PCI to the RCA and LAD (2021), and former tobacco use presented with acute, severe, left-sided chest pain with nausea, diaphoresis and dizziness. He started fasting and adjusted his sleep schedule 3 days prior for Ramadan, but did not miss any of his medications including isosorbide and ranolazine. He was chest pain free on arrival, but subsequently developed severe chest pain becoming bradycardic, hypotensive and hypoxic. At that time the EKG (Figure 1) showed ST elevation (STEMI) in leads II, III and aVF with high degree atrioventricular block. He was started on intravenous fluids and a vasopressor but had spontaneous resolution of symptoms within 10 minutes. Emergent coronary angiography revealed stable 70% stenosis of an ostial left circumflex (LCx) artery and non-obstructive CAD of the RCA. Labs revealed normal blood glucose, negative urine toxicology and mild elevation of troponin (trended serially). Echocardiogram was normal with no regional wall motion abnormalities. He was treated as vasospastic angina with addition of a calcium channel blocker without recurrence of his symptoms.DISCUSSION:Vasospastic angina is an important cause of acute coronary syndrome. Our patient had severe vasospastic angina while being treated for CAD for over 10 years. No prior studies have linked fasting to vasospasm. We hypothesize that fasting and a diurnal sleep schedule may contribute to worsened episodes in susceptible individuals due to hormonal changes including glucose shifts and an increase in catecholamines and cortisol. Increased catecholamine levels may induce spasm by stimulation of alpha receptors in the coronary arteries, and cortisol can induce vascular inflammation, potentiating negative effects. We highlight the importance of keeping high clinical suspicion for a diagnosis of vasospasm, as well as the need to further understand the complex pathophysiology to counsel patients in the future.

Circulation, Volume 148, Issue Suppl_1, Page A15930-A15930, November 6, 2023. Introduction:Primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (PP-ICD) are indicated in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 35% despite 3 months of maximally tolerated guideline directed medical therapy (GDMT), who are expected to survive at least 1 year. The Seattle Heart Failure Score, commonly used for evaluation of 1 year survival, only addresses heart failure mortality. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) is a validated model of comorbid conditions used to predict 1-year all-cause mortality.Objectives:We aimed to create a predictive model using the CCI to guide eligibility for PP-ICD based on predicted 1-year all-cause mortality in patients with severe cardiomyopathy.Methods:We analyzed clinical data from the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, a large multi-hospital system, between January 2010 and July 2021. Patients receiving PP-ICD were included. We used a logistical regression model based on patients’ CCI, age, race, mean number of GDMT medications, the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD), and baseline LVEF.Results:Of the total cohort of 2,864 patients (mean age 67±12 years; Male 69%; White 85%; LVEF 24±7%; CAD 62%), 235 (8.2%) patients died within 1 year. Patients were on average prescribed 2.0±0.8 GDMT agents and had a mean CCI of 1.4± 1.6. CCI was significantly associated with adjusted 1-year mortality (OR 1.41 per standard deviation of CCI, 95% CI 1.35-1.71, p< 0.001). A receiver operator curve was generated (Figure 1) and a CCI cutoff of 1.54, yielded a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 59% (AUC 0.70).Conclusions:Our data demonstrate that a model incorporating the CCI can predict 1-year all-cause mortality in PP-ICD recipients with modest accuracy and could therefore assist in shared-decision making around PP-ICD therapy. Future work should focus on refining the model for higher predictive accuracy.

Circulation, Volume 148, Issue Suppl_1, Page A14479-A14479, November 6, 2023. Case presentation:A 8-year-old male was diagnosed with severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) after a cardiac arrest from which he was successfully defibrillated. Maximal wall thickness was 23 mm (z-score 6.36) on echocardiography. An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) was implanted and atenolol was started. After 4 ventricular fibrillation-terminating ICD shocks in the following 2 months, further treatment is under consideration. A genetic test identified the likely pathogenic intronic variant (c.1927+337G >T) in the MYBPC3 gene. An additional variant in the same gene (p.Arg817Gly), of uncertain significance but potentially relevant for the phenotype, was also found. His 10-year-old sister was also diagnosed with severe HCM, genetic test identified the two previously referred variants and ICD was also implanted. In the 4-year-old one sister, who is apparently healthy, only the likely pathogenic intronic variant (c.1927+337G >T) was found. Regarding their parents, both with no evidence of cardiomyopathy, c.1927+337G >T variant was identified in the father, while p.Arg817Gly was present in the mother.Discussion:This clinical case is noteworthy as an example of compound heterozygosity in which each parent donates one alternate allele, being these alleles located at different loci within the same gen, which emphasizes the importance of family genetic testing. The variant of uncertain significance p.Arg817Gly appears to be a disease modifier, causing the phenotype to be expressed early and severely in the presence of the probably pathogenic intronic variant c.1927+337G >T in MYBPC3. This deep intronic variant has not been described previously but was found in thirteen index cases referred for HCM and a history of familial sudden death at an early age, being overrepresented in the cohort of HCM in the north of Spain. Being a carrier of both these two novel variants appears to cause an extremely aggressive childhood-onset phenotype.

Circulation, Volume 148, Issue Suppl_1, Page A15744-A15744, November 6, 2023. Introduction:Women referred for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have worse metabolic disorders. The latter are associated with adverse cardiovascular (CV) events and bear a worse prognosis in women. Yet, our understanding of the sex-specific impact of metabolic disorders on mortality after CABG is limited. Aim: To evaluate the interaction of sex with metabolic abnormalities on mortality after CABG, with the hypothesis that they would lead to higher mortality in women.Methods:In a prospective cohort (2006-19), we selected patients who underwent elective isolated CABG, excluding early (