Search Results for: È confermato il legame tra la malattia di Alzheimer e microbiota intestinale

Basic scienceA bacteria-derived fatty acid amide hydrolase bridges the host physiology and gut microbiota Cheng J, Venkatesh S, Ke K, et al. A human gut Faecalibacterium prausnitzii fatty acid amide hydrolase. Science 2024;3866720:eado6828. doi: 10.1126/science.ado6828. The gut microbiota plays a role in regulating the host physiology, yet the mechanisms through which gut microbes communicate with the host remain a key question in the field. A recent study demonstrated that a microbiota-directed complementary food (MDCF) significantly improved growth in malnourished Bangladeshi children. Building on this research, Cheng et al focused on an MDCF-upregulated strain of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bg7063. The presence of this strain during MDCF administration led to a significant reduction in the intestinal levels of appetite-suppressing N-acylethanolamines, such as oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide, in germ-free mice. Researchers identified a strain-specific fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) from F. prausnitzii Bg7063, responsible for these changes in the human intestinal…

The colonisation and assembly of the neonatal microbiota is essential for the development and maturation of the immune system, and the early life from birth to 2 years of age is regarded as a crucial window period. Abnormal microbial colonisation and reduced gut microbiota diversity during this period are linked to the subsequent development of immune-mediated diseases. Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota in early life can promote dysfunction of the CD4+ T-cell population,1 impacting the development of the child’s immune system and increasing the risk of atopic diseases. Atopic diseases are excessive IgE-mediated immune responses that commonly affect the nose, eyes, skin and lungs. Of these, atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic and recurring inflammatory skin disease, affects at least 10%–20% of children, often starting in infancy and continuing into adulthood.2 The factors influencing AD are complex. Researchers have conducted meta-analyses of the various factors correlating to…

Reazione autoimmune alla base della progressione della malattia

Purpose
Epidemiological studies have reported that environmental factors from fetal period to early childhood can influence the risk of non-communicable diseases in adulthood. This concept has been termed the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). The Chiba study of Mother and Child Health (C-MACH) is a DOHaD concept-based birth cohort study which started in 2014. This study aims to investigate the effects of genetic and environmental factors, particularly fetal and postnatal living environment, on children’s health. We also aim to identify candidate biomarkers for their health status. Moreover, the second phase study of C-MACH which was initiated in 2021 aimed at expanding the sample size, especially for gut microbiota and epigenomic analysis; it also aimed at clarifying the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on children’s health.

Participants
This study consists of four hospital-based cohorts. Women who were

This Viewpoint discusses proactively preparing to make informed payer coverage decisions to help address current disparities in Alzheimer disease diagnosis and treatment.

Più di una malattia può contribuire alla mortalità

Ricoverato dal 22 novembre al 3 dicembre all’ospedale San Luca uomo di rientro dalla nazione africana. Dati trasmessi all’Istituto Superiore di Sanità

Valutazione in base a documenti ufficiali del Paese africano

Valutazione in base a documenti ufficiali del Paese africano

Si pensa a infezione respiratoria e a febbre emorragica. Si cerca di stringere il cerchio ma mancano i dati

Il ministero agli uffici Usmaf, verifiche sui punti di ingresso

“Preoccupa alta letalità, capire se è un elemento noto o nuovo”

Gli esperti:tempi non sono maturi fuori dai centri specializzati

Ascierto, +25% di sopravvivenza in forme malattia avanzate

Con l’esame esterno possibile anche un check-up della salute

Introduction
With advances in medicine and the resultant increased ageing population, dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, has become a leading cause of death in individuals aged over 65 years in nursing homes. The unpredictable trajectory of the disease, marked by cognitive and functional decline, necessitates intensive healthcare and poses challenges to end-of-life (EoL) care decisions, particularly because majority of the affected individuals become unable to make their own decisions. This highlights the importance of advance care planning (ACP) programmes that enable individuals with dementia to define and communicate their EoL care decisions in advance. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of ACP in nursing homes for patients with dementia and their caregivers.

Methods and analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis will include randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies that evaluate the effectiveness of ACP programmes in improving EoL outcomes in individuals with dementia and their caregivers in nursing homes. EoL outcomes include (1) quality of life; (2) caregiver satisfaction; (3) advance directives completion rate, which refers to the proportion of individuals with completed, documented EoL care preferences; (4) uptake of ACP discussion indicating the frequency or occurrence of these discussions between healthcare providers, patients and/or family members; and (5) comfort in the last week of life. Studies will be retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov between their inception and 31 January 2024. Eligible articles will be selected according to prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the included articles will be assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool 2.0 for RCTs and risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions for observational studies. The certainty of evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. Publication bias will be assessed using a funnel plot and Egger’s test to detect any asymmetry in the distribution of effect sizes across studies. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses will be conducted to address heterogeneity.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethics approval was not required for this systematic review and meta-analysis, as it involves the synthesis of existing literature without direct data collection or patient participation. The results of this study will be compiled into a detailed report, which will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Additionally, the findings will be shared with academic partners, healthcare professionals and organisations involved in dementia care, as well as policymakers and stakeholders in the field of long-term care for individuals with dementia.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42023489126.