Cohort profile: characterisation, determinants, mechanisms and consequences of the long-term effects of COVID-19 – providing the evidence base for health care services (CONVALESCENCE) in the UK

Purpose
The pathogenesis of the long-lasting symptoms which can follow an infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus (‘long covid’) is not fully understood. The ‘COroNaVirus post-Acute Long-term EffectS: Constructing an evidENCE base’ (CONVALESCENCE) study was established as part of the Longitudinal Health and Wellbeing COVID-19 UK National Core Study. We performed a deep phenotyping case-control study nested within two cohorts (the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children and TwinsUK) as part of CONVALESCENCE.

Participants
From September 2021 to May 2023, 349 participants attended the CONVALESCENCE deep phenotyping clinic at University College London. Four categories of participants were recruited: cases of long covid (long covid(+)/SARS-CoV-2(+)), alongside three control groups: those with neither long covid symptoms nor evidence of prior COVID-19 (long covid(-)/SARS-CoV-2(-); control group 1), those who self-reported COVID-19 and had evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but did not report long covid (long covid(-)/SARS-CoV-2(+); control group 2) and those who self-reported persistent symptoms attributable to COVID-19 but no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection (long covid(+)/SARS-CoV-2(-); control group 3). Remote wearable measurements were performed up until February 2024.

Findings to date
This cohort profile describes the baseline characteristics of the CONVALESCENCE cohort. Of the 349 participants, 141 (53±15 years old; 21 (15%) men) were cases, 89 (55±16 years old; 11 (12%) men) were in control group 1, 75 (49±15 years old; 25 (33%) men) were in control group 2 and 44 (55±16 years old; 9 (21%) men) were in control group 3.

Future plans
The study aims to use a multiorgan score calculated as the cumulative total for each of nine domains (ie, lung, vascular, heart, kidney, brain, autonomic function, muscle strength, exercise capacity and physical performance). The availability of data preceding acute COVID-19 infection in cohorts may help identify the consequences of infection independent of pre-existing subclinical disease and also provide evidence of determinants that influence the development of long covid.

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Giugno 2025

[Articles] Incident cytopenia and risk of subsequent myeloid neoplasm in age-related clonal hematopoiesis: a multi-biobank case-control study

Longitudinal analysis across three large cohorts found that it is rare for patients with CHIP to develop MN without first developing cytopenia. The risk for MN among patients with CHIP resides almost entirely among those with cytopenia. These findings suggest that cytopenia is a critical step in progression from CHIP to MN, underscoring its utility as an endpoint in cancer prevention trials for CHIP patients.

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Giugno 2025

Antimicrobial prophylaxis for endourological procedures in Jordanian hospitals: a multi-centre qualitative study

Objectives
To explore urologists’ perceptions of barriers to, and facilitators of, adherence to international antimicrobial prophylaxis (AP) guidelines for endourological procedures in Jordan and to identify strategies to optimise guideline-concordant AP prescribing.

Design
The present study is a qualitative study undertaken through semi-structured interviews and inductive thematic analysis. Study results are reported per Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research.

Setting
Secondary and tertiary care across multiple public, private and academic hospitals in Jordan.

Participants
Nineteen practising urologists (all male; median age 32 years, IQR 8; nine residents, 10 specialists) who routinely prescribe AP for endourological procedures. Participants were recruited via convenience snowball sampling and interviewed until thematic saturation was reached.

Interventions
Not applicable.

Primary and secondary outcome measures
The main outcomes were themes describing perceived barriers to guideline adherence and potential facilitators to support appropriate AP use.

Results
Participants identified several barriers: (1) patient level, strong expectations for antibiotics post-procedure and concerns about procedure-site hygiene; (2) clinician level, fear of postoperative infections and litigation, lack of familiarity with updated guidance and doubts about applying international guidelines locally; (3) system level, hierarchical prescribing dynamics, referral communication gaps, high workloads and time pressures, and concerns over sterilisation practices. Facilitators included targeted professional training and regular guideline updates for urologists, development of local AP guidelines informed by local resistance data, enhanced patient education campaigns and active involvement of clinical pharmacists in preoperative antibiotic review and auditing.

Conclusions
Urologists in Jordan face multifaceted barriers to AP guideline adherence. Future stewardship programmes can use insights from this study to develop locally tailored guidelines, targeted clinician training and pharmacist-led audits. Pilot testing with metrics such as prescribing rates, guideline concordance, antibiotic consumption and postoperative infection incidence will be essential to validate their impact before wider implementation.

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Maggio 2025