Productive infection of primary human hepatocytes with SARS-CoV-2 induces antiviral and proinflammatory responses

We read with interest the article by Luxenburger and Thimme, summarising current knowledge about hepatic sequelae in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection.1 As acute liver injury is observed in one-third of the patients with hospitalised COVID-192 3 and chronic liver disease is associated with higher mortality rates,4 a detailed understanding of hepatic susceptibility and dysfunction in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection is of utmost importance. Previous studies have provided evidence of hepatic infection,5–7 however, the molecular mechanisms underlying acute liver injury associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection are not well understood. Here we show that primary human hepatocytes (PHH) can be productively infected with SARS-CoV-2. Donor-specific production kinetics were observed, with de novo viral secretion from PHH increasing in a time-dependent manner for four out of six donors (figure 1A). To explore virus replication and…

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Settembre 2024

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and mental health of school staff: a cross-sectional study of schools from four areas of Montreal, Quebec in 2021

Objectives
To assess the seroprevalence of infection-acquired SARS-CoV-2 and the mental health of school/daycare staff in the months after reopening of schools in Montreal, Quebec (Canada) in the Fall of 2020 and whether these varied by school and participant characteristics.

Design
A cross-sectional design based on a convenience sample of schools/daycares and staff was used as the originally planned longitudinal design was no longer feasible due to obstacles in recruitment, for example, teacher’s strike.

Setting
Forty-nine schools/daycares in four Montreal neighbourhoods from March to October 2021.

Participants
Three-hundred and sixty-two participants completed both questionnaires and serology tests.

Primary and secondary outcome measures
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and prevalence of anxiety, depression, resilience and burnout/emotional exhaustion.

Results
The seroprevalence estimate made representative to the Quebec population of educators was 8.6% (95% CI 5.2 to 13.0). The adjusted seroprevalence in high school was 20% that of elementary school (aRR=0.20, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.58). Thirty per cent of seropositive staff were exposed to a household member with confirmed COVID-19. Prevalence of high emotional exhaustion/burnout was 35%, 44% and 53% in daycare, elementary school and high school staff, respectively. However, moderate/severe anxiety and depression and low resilience did not exceed 18%. After adjusting for confounders, being very afraid of catching COVID-19 at school was associated with moderate–severe anxiety, moderate–severe depression and high emotional exhaustion (aRR=4.4, 95% CI 2.2 to 8.9; aRR=2.8, 95% CI 1.5 to 5.4; aRR=2.2, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.0, respectively).

Conclusion
The seroprevalence, anxiety and depression among school/daycare staff were comparable to the reported levels in the adult population of Quebec. The prevalence of emotional exhaustion/burnout was high across all school levels and exceeding the average across all occupations in the USA and in teachers in Germany.

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Agosto 2024