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Annals of Internal Medicine, Volume 176, Issue 5, May 2023.
This Viewpoint describes new recommendations from the CDC regarding universal screening of adults for hepatitis B virus infection.
Background
Cervical cancer ranks as the second most frequent cancer among all women in Ethiopia and the second most frequent cancer among women between 15 and 44 years of age, resulting in over 4884 moralities annually. Although there is a focus on health promotion through teaching and screening in Ethiopia’s intended transition toward universal healthcare, there is little information available on baseline levels of knowledge and screening uptake related to cervical cancer.
Objectives
This study explored the levels of knowledge and screening rates of cervical cancer along with its associated factors among women of reproductive age in Assosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz, Ethiopia in 2022.
Methodology
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A systematic sampling technique was used to select 213 reproductive-age women from selected health institutions, from 20 April 2022 to 20 July 2022. A validated and pretested questionnaire was used for data collection. Multi-logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors independently associated with cervical cancer screening. Adjusted OR with 95% CI was estimated to measure the strength of association. The level of statistical significance was declared at a p value of
Objective
Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) post-deployment screening aims to facilitate early care for members with mental health issues. The process consists of a questionnaire to screen for mental health problems, followed by an interview with a healthcare provider during which recommendations for follow-up care are provided if needed. In this study, we examined the association of self-reported mental health from the screening questionnaire with recommendation for follow-up care during the interview.
Design
Using screening data collected from CAF members who deployed from 2009 to 2012 (n=14 957), logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of self-reported mental health from the screening questionnaire with clinicians’ recommendation for follow-up care.
Results
In total, 19.7% of screened individuals were recommended for follow-up care. In the adjusted logistic regression model, some demographic characteristics, as well current and prior mental healthcare and self-reported mental health problems, had a substantial association with recommendation for follow-up. Compared with each mental health problem’s lowest severity category, recommendation for follow-up care was higher by approximately 12%–17% for those with mild to severe depression, 7% for those with panic disorder, 8%–10% for those with mild to severe anxiety, 8% for those experiencing high levels of stressors, 4%–10% for those at risk of alcohol use disorder and 7%–12% for those at risk of post-traumatic stress disorder.
Conclusions
Although the presence of mental health problems was significantly associated with receiving a follow-up recommendation, the relationships between self-reported mental health and subsequent recommendations for care were not as high as expected. Although this may partly reflect time delays between the questionnaire and interview, further research is needed on the extent to which other factors contributed to referral decisions.
Stroke, Ahead of Print.
Objective
To determine Canadian service members’ level of adherence to a recommendation for mental health services follow-up that was assigned by clinicians during postdeployment screening.
Design
Retrospective cohort study.
Setting
Canadian military population.
Participants
The cohort consisted of personnel (n=28 460) with a deployment within the 2009–2014 time frame. A stratified random sample (n=3004) was selected for medical chart review. However, we restricted our analysis to individuals whose completed screening resulted in a recommendation for mental health services follow-up (sample n=316 (weighted n=2034) or 11.2% of screenings.
Interventions
Postdeployment health screening.
Primary outcome measure
The outcome was adherence to a screening-indicated mental health services follow-up recommendation, assessed within 90 days, a preferred delay, and within 365 days, a delay considered partially associated with the screening recommendation.
Results
Adherence within 90 days of screening was 71.1% (95% CI 59.7% to 82.5%) for individuals with ‘major’ mental health concerns, 36.1% (95% CI 23.9% to 48.4%) for those with ‘minor’ mental health concerns, and 46.8% (95% CI 18.6% to 75.0%), for those with psychosocial mental health concerns; the respective 365-day adherence fractions were 85.3% (95% CI 76.1% to 94.5%), 55.7% (95% CI 42.0% to 69.4%) and 48.6% (95% CI 20.4% to 76.9%). Logistic regression indicated that a 90-day adherence among those with a ‘major’ mental health concern was higher among those screening after 2012 (adjusted OR (AOR) 5.45 (95% CI 1.08 to 27.45)) and lower, with marginal significance, among those with deployment durations greater than 180 days (AOR 0.35 (95% CI 0.11 to 1.06)).
Conclusions
On an individual level, screening has the potential to identify when a care need is present and a follow-up assessment can be recommended; however, we found that adherence to this recommendation is not absolute, suggesting that administrative checks and possibly, process refinements would be beneficial to ensure that care-seeking barriers are minimised.
Annals of Internal Medicine, Ahead of Print.
Annals of Internal Medicine, Ahead of Print.
Per esami pre natale. Appello dell’immunologo e di Zaccheddu.
New England Journal of Medicine, Ahead of Print.
Introduction
The management of perinatal depression (PND) is challenging in China. The Thinking Healthy Programme (THP), developed under the core theory of cognitive–behavioural therapy, is an evidence-based approach that is recommended as a psychosocial intervention for managing PND in low/middle-income countries. Sparse evidence has been generated, however, to assess the effectiveness of THP and guide its implementation in China.
Methods and analysis
A hybrid type II effectiveness–implementation study is ongoing in four cities in Anhui Province, China. A comprehensive online platform, Mom’s Good Mood (MGM), has been developed. Perinatal women are screened using the WeChat screening tool (ie, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale embedded as metrics) in clinics. Different intensities of the intervention are delivered through the mobile application for different degrees of depression, according to the stratified care model. The THP WHO treatment manual has been tailored to be the core component of intervention. Guided by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance framework, process evaluations will be conducted to identify the facilitators and barriers to implementation and to modify the implementation strategy; summative evaluations will be carried out to examine the effectiveness of MGM in the management of PND within the primary healthcare system in China.
Ethics and dissemination
Ethics approval and consent for this programme were obtained from Institutional Review Boards in China: Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China (20170358). Results will be submitted to relevant conferences and peer-reviewed journals.
Trial registration number
ChiCTR1800016844.
This systematic review to support the 2023 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement on screening for latent tuberculosis infection in adults summarizes published evidence on the benefits and harms of screening for, and treatment of, tuberculosis in asymptomatic persons 18 years or older.
This 2023 Recommendation Statement from the US Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening for LTBI in populations at increased risk (B recommendation).
This JAMA Patient Page describes latent and active tuberculosis and discusses the pros and cons of screening for latent tuberculosis.
Preventive care for one of the world’s leading infectious disease killers has received a much-needed push forward. In this issue of JAMA, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) updates its recommendation to screen asymptomatic adults at increased risk for tuberculosis infection and highlights the critical role of primary care in tuberculosis prevention. The importance of this recommendation, particularly for immigrant communities who bear the disproportionate burden of this disease, cannot be overstated. In the US, more than half of individuals diagnosed with tuberculosis are hospitalized, and almost 1 in 10 will die of the disease. The toll encompassing survival following tuberculosis treatment reveals that 1 in 5 diagnosed with tuberculosis will die within 5 years. These statistics are grim for a preventable and curable disease. The new USPSTF recommendation, rooted in updated evidence, calls for collective action to provide high-quality tuberculosis preventive care for immigrants and other marginalized populations.
