Risultati per: Screening della retinopatia diabetica

Screening for lipid disorders in children and adolescents can identify 2 types of lipid disorders: primary lipid disorders, which typically are monogenic, rare, and severe, and the more common secondary lipid disorders that often result from other disease processes or lifestyle behaviors (such as poor nutrition or inadequate activity) and are often less severe. The most common primary lipid disorder of childhood is familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), which is present in 1 in 250 to 350 children. Familial hypercholesterolemia causes markedly elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) starting at birth, and, if untreated, is associated with a 2- to 4-fold increase in morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease in adulthood. Because of the relatively high prevalence and substantial long-term health risks of FH, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention previously designated it as a “tier 1” genetic condition, defined as having the potential for significant positive impact on public health if identified and treated. The opportunity to identify and treat FH earlier is the main motivation for childhood lipid screening.

This 2023 Recommendation Statement from the US Preventive Services Task Force concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for lipid disorders in children and adolescents 20 years or younger (I statement).

New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 389, Issue 1, Page 92-94, July 2023.

Sicge, efficacia al pari esami di prevenzione per alcuni tumori

Sicge, efficacia al pari esami di prevenzione per alcuni tumori

This case series study examines significant incidental findings reported in the low-dose computed tomography arm of the National Lung Screening Trial.

The evidence was insufficient to recommend screening for anxiety in older adults or screening for suicide risk in anyone.

Introduction
Progress towards leprosy elimination is threatened by increasing incidence in ‘hot-spot’ areas where more effective control strategies are urgently required. In these areas, active case finding and leprosy prevention limited to known contacts is insufficient for control. Population-wide active case-finding together with universal prevention through mass drug administration (MDA) has been shown to be effective in ‘hot-spot’ areas, but is logistically challenging and expensive. Combining leprosy screening and MDA with other population-wide screening activities such as for tuberculosis may increase programme efficiency. There has been limited evaluation of the feasibility and effectiveness of combined screening and MDA interventions. The COMBINE study aims to bridge this knowledge gap.

Methods and analysis
This implementation study will assess the feasibility and effectiveness of active leprosy case-finding and treatment, combined with MDA using either single-dose rifampicin or rifamycin-containing tuberculosis preventive or curative treatment, for reducing leprosy incidence in Kiribati. The leprosy programme will run over 2022–2025 in concert with population-wide tuberculosis screening-and-treatment in South Tarawa. The primary research question is to what extent the intervention reduces the annual leprosy new case detection rate (NCDR) in adults and children compared with routine screening and postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) among close contacts (baseline leprosy control activities). Comparisons will be made with (1) the preintervention NCDR separably among adults and children in South Tarawa (before–after study) and (2) the corresponding NCDRs in the rest of the country. Additionally, the postintervention prevalence of leprosy obtained from a survey of a ‘hot-spot’ sub-population will be compared with prevalence documented during the intervention. The intervention will be implemented in collaboration with the Kiribati National Leprosy Programme.

Ethics and dissemination
Approval has been obtained from the Kiribati Ministry of Health and Medical Services (MHMS), the University of Otago (H22/111) and the University of Sydney (2021/127) Human Research Ethics Committees. Findings will be shared with the MHMS, local communities and internationally through publication.

Molte più Tac all’Icot di Latina, ma mancano i fondi

This 2023 Recommendation Statement from the US Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening for anxiety disorders in adults, including pregnant and postpartum persons (B recommendation), and concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for anxiety disorders in older adults (I statement).

This systematic review to support the 2023 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement on anxiety screening summarizes published evidence on the benefits and harms of screening for, and treatment of, anxiety among primary care patients.

This JAMA Patient Page describes the pros and cons of screening for anxiety disorders in adults.

Mental disorders are a leading cause of disease burden worldwide, with anxiety disorders being the second most influential contributor, after depressive disorders, to global disability-adjusted life-years. Anxiety disorders are characterized by anxious mood and, often, phobic avoidance, which result in extreme distress, functional impairment, or both. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (DSM-5) recognizes the following types of anxiety disorders likely to be seen in adults: generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobias, substance/medication-induced anxiety disorder, and anxiety disorder due to another medical condition. The latter 2 instances of anxiety are caused by identifiable and, mostly, treatable sources and should be considered “rule-outs” before concluding that one of the other anxiety disorders is present.

Attese circa 9mila diagnosi precoci ogni anno