Risultati per: Infezione da Helicobacter pylori: review

Introduction
Chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, represent a significant burden on global health systems. Health information technology (HIT) offers innovative solutions to improve disease management, patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency. However, the diverse applications and impacts of HIT in chronic disease management are not well understood. The objective of this scoping review is to assess the extent and type of evidence on the role of HIT in enhancing chronic disease management.

Methods and analysis
This protocol outlines a scoping review to assess the extent and nature of the evidence on the role of HIT in managing chronic diseases. The review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. This review will include studies involving adult patients with chronic diseases. The focus will be on various HIT interventions, including electronic health records (EHRs), telehealth services, mobile health (mHealth) applications, remote monitoring devices and health information exchanges (HIEs). Studies conducted in primary care, hospital and community health settings will be considered. Exclusions will include studies focused on paediatric populations or non-digital health interventions. We will include quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies published from January 2013 to December 2024. A comprehensive search will be conducted across PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus and Google Scholar. Reference lists of included studies will be screened for additional sources. Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts and full texts, extract data and resolve discrepancies through discussion or consultation with a third reviewer. The study is scheduled to begin in May 2025 and conclude by November 2025, and the process will be documented in a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram. The data will be presented as tables, charts and a narrative summary.

Ethics and dissemination
As this review involves the analysis of publicly available literature, ethical approval is not required. The results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and engagements with stakeholders involved in chronic disease care and digital health policy. The authors will also explore opportunities to share supplementary materials in open-access repositories to promote transparency and reproducibility.

Introduction
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is considered an essential component of intensive care practice, enabling rapid assessment and diagnosis of various medical conditions. Critical care nurses (CCNs) have increasingly adopted this bedside technology, which has demonstrated to improve patient care and streamline workflows. This scoping review aims to map and present the contexts in which CCNs use POCUS, the content and structure of the training programmes undertaken and any reported impacts on patient outcomes.

Methods and analysis
This scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklists. We will search Medline, EBSCOhost CINAHL and Google Scholar for relevant studies published from 2015 to the present. Additionally, the reference lists of included studies will be manually checked for further relevant articles. All review steps will be carried out by at least two reviewers to ensure accuracy and reliability. Data charting will be performed narratively, detailing the study characteristics and findings pertinent to the review questions.

Ethics and dissemination
There is no ethics disclosure required for this review protocol, as the data will be sourced from previously published primary studies. The findings of this review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated through presentations at both national and international conferences.

Introduction
People living alone with neurodegenerative conditions face unique difficulties in maintaining independence and accessing appropriate health and social care support. Consolidating current understanding regarding these unique difficulties would better inform health and social care services and enable more tailored and appropriate service delivery. The proposed scoping review will summarise evidence from studies that provide evidence about people with dementia, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease or motor neurone disease who live alone. This protocol sets out the processes that will be followed in the subsequent scoping review to ensure that a transparent, rigorous and reproducible approach is used to identify, select and synthesise relevant evidence.

Methods and analysis
This scoping review protocol uses well-established methodology outlined by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis and the Joanna Briggs Institute. Relevant publications will be searched using PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL and AgeLine via EBSCOhost and EMBASE, PsycInfo and Social Policy and Practice via Ovid. Grey literature will be searched via Google looking specifically for pdf documents. As there was no previous review on the topic, no date restrictions will be applied to the searches. Piloting of the search strategy provided an estimate of the number of titles likely to require title and abstract screening, which, along with prior experience from a similar review approach, informed the feasibility of the proposed strategy. For research publications, a two-stage screening approach will be undertaken. The first stage will involve screening titles and abstracts for relevant literature on people with neurodegenerative conditions living alone in the community. The second stage will involve full text screening of selected articles. For grey literature, the first 20 PDFs per website identified in Google will be downloaded and screened. Summary data will be extracted from publications selected for inclusion. Data synthesis will involve tabulating study characteristics and findings and preparing narrative summaries to identify commonalities, gaps and areas for future research.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval is not required for this review, as the information included is in the public domain and people with lived experience are consultees rather than research participants. Consultation with people with lived experience, stakeholders and experts linked with the National Institute for Health and Care Research Policy Research Unit in Dementia and Neurodegeneration University of Exeter will help to ensure the relevance and applicability of findings. Dissemination will include a policy report and peer-reviewed publications aimed at informing policy, practice and improving support services for people living alone with neurodegenerative conditions.

Introduction
Identifying difficult airways and avoiding unanticipated difficult airways through difficult airway assessment are crucial for patient safety prior to airway management. Therefore, accurately predicting difficult airways through airway assessment is a fundamental and significant technique in airway management by clinicians. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly evolving science with greater data processing ability than humans. AI, given its ever-expanding applications in medical diagnosis and disease prediction, has been employed to predict cases with difficult airways. Nevertheless, the diagnostic performance of AI algorithms for difficult airway assessment remains unclear due to the small sample sizes, insufficient image acquisition standards and poor predictive accuracies. Consequently, this study aims to formulate a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis to ascertain the diagnostic value of AI in assessing difficult airways.

Methods and analysis
English-language databases (Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Ovid Medline and Embase), Chinese electronic databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP and Wanfang ] and clinical trial registry databases will be searched from their inception until January 2025 to identify clinical trials of AI for difficult airway assessment. Sensitivities, specificities, areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve, diagnostic likelihood ratios and diagnostic ORs with 95% CIs will be presented as indicators of AI’s diagnostic accuracy in assessing difficult airways. Depending on the level of statistical heterogeneity evaluated by the I-square test, the fixed-effects or random-effects model will be employed. The risk of bias will be evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool. Furthermore, the quality of evidence concerning the outcomes will be assessed based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria for diagnostic tests. Heterogeneity will be investigated through sensitivity, meta-regression and subgroup analyses. Additionally, Deeks’ funnel plot asymmetry test will be used to detect publication bias.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval is not required for this systematic review protocol. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42023462926.

Objective
Cognitive stimulation (CS) is a non-pharmacological intervention aimed at enhancing cognitive function. However, the effectiveness of CS in individuals diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains inconclusive. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of CS in improving cognitive function, psychological well-being, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and quality of life (QoL) in individuals with MCI, based on randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources
Six English databases were systematically searched, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, American Psychological Association PsycInfo and Academic Search Premier.

Eligibility criteria
RCTs about CS for individuals with MCI, published between January 2003 and December 2024.

Data extraction and synthesis
Data were extracted and assessed using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised trials by independent researchers. The meta-analysis was conducted using the standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95% CIs of the included studies.

Results
The meta-analysis included five eligible studies for the primary outcomes of cognitive function and three eligible studies for the secondary outcomes of psychological wellness. In the pooled samples, the CS intervention had a significant effect on cognitive function (SMD=0.63, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.01; p=0.001) and depression symptoms (SMD=–0.29, 95% CI –0.55 to –0.03; p=0.03) in individuals with MCI. However, no significant improvements in anxiety symptoms were identified after the CS intervention (SMD=–0.05; 95% CI –0.31 to 0.21; p=0.71).

Conclusion
The CS intervention can effectively improve cognitive function and alleviate depression symptoms. Although a meta-analysis was not conducted for IADL and QoL due to the limited number of included studies, positive trends in enhancing IADL performance and augmenting QoL were observed in individuals with MCI. However, due to the scarcity of relevant studies in this research field, more comprehensive RCTs are warranted to provide a better understanding of the potential benefits of CS and to guide its clinical application in the future.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42023494685.

Global HPV vaccination coverage remains significantly below the target of 90%. Strategies to effectively enhance HPV vaccination coverage must be identified, developed, and implemented to address this gap.

This systematic review to support a 2025 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement summarizes published evidence on the benefits and harms of screening and harms of treatment of syphilis during pregnancy.

Introduction
In countries with access to the electronic health record (EHR), both patients and healthcare professionals have reported finding errors in the EHR, so-called EHRrors. These can range from simple typos to more serious cases of missing or incorrect health information. Despite their potential detrimental effect, the evidence on EHRrors has not been systematically analysed. It is unknown how common EHRrors are or how they impact patients and healthcare professionals.

Methods and analysis
A mixed systematic review will be carried out to address the research gap. We will search PubMed, Web of Science and CINAHL for studies published since 2000, which report original research data on patient-identified and healthcare professional-identified EHRrors. We will analyse (1) the prevalence of EHRrors, (2) the types of EHRrors and (3) their impact on care. Quantitative and qualitative findings will be synthesised following the Joanna Briggs Institute Framework for Mixed Systematic Reviews. Identified studies will be critically appraised for meta-biases and risk of bias in individual studies. The confidence in the emerging evidence will be further assessed through the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Findings will be contextualised and interpreted involving an international team of patient representatives and practising healthcare professionals.

Ethics and dissemination
The study will not involve collection or analysis of individual patient data; thus, ethical approval is not required. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed publication and further disseminated through scientific events and educational materials.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42024622849.

Objectives
The incidence of cancer diagnosed during pregnancy is increasing, but data relating to perinatal outcomes for infants exposed to systemic cancer treatment in utero remain limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesise evidence from the available literature to investigate whether perinatal outcomes for babies born to women with gestational cancer differ based on whether they are exposed to systemic cancer treatment in utero.

Design
A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA-P guidelines. We extracted raw data from the eligible studies to calculate ORs and 95% CIs for perinatal outcomes reported in the included studies.

Data sources
A comprehensive search of Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and CINAHL databases identified studies published between January 2001 and May 2025.

Eligibility criteria
Studies were eligible for inclusion in the review that reported on both a study group (women with gestational cancer who received systemic therapy during pregnancy) and a comparison group (women with gestational cancer who did not receive systemic therapy during pregnancy).

Data extraction and synthesis
Two independent reviewers extracted data. Perinatal outcomes included spontaneous abortion, pregnancy termination, intrauterine growth restrictions (IUGR), stillbirth, intrauterine foetal death, neonatal mortality, preterm birth (

The findings suggest that music therapy, particularly receptive methods or combinations of receptive and active approaches, offer effective, flexible, and scalable interventions for reducing anxiety symptoms, offering psychological benefits that enhance patient autonomy and quality of life, though its impact on physiological outcomes and long-term effects requires further research.

H. pylori infection may represent a significant risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer. The effect of anti-H. pylori treatment on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality necessitates further investigation through large-scale, randomized controlled trials with prolonged follow-up durations.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are widely used for glycemic control or weight management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or overweight/obesity. However, there are concerns regarding their association with serious gastrointestinal adverse events though findings have been inconsistent.

Objective
To identify the factors that prevent or hinder access to mental healthcare services for refugees, asylum seekers and migrants.

Design
An umbrella review was conducted on scoping reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and meta-syntheses published between January 2013 and December 2023.

Data sources
The databases searched (on 11 December 2023) included PubMed (via NCBI, including MEDLINE), Embase (via Embase.com), Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (via Cochrane Library). Search strings were categorised as concepts, wherein concept one was population (refugees, asylum seekers and migrants), concept two was mental health services and concept three was the type of review (systematic review, meta-analysis, scoping review or literature review).

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies
Reviews were included if study participants were refugees, asylum seekers and migrants. Additionally, mental health-providing services or organisations and mental health providers were included. Excluded study participants were people with a migration background and second- or third-generation migrants.

Data extraction and synthesis
Two independent reviewers screened the identified articles on title and abstract. The 48 full-text articles were assessed in detail against inclusion and exclusion criteria by the two researchers and one person from the Belgian Superior Health Council.

Results
18 reviews were included. The extensive literature review identified various factors that prevent and restrict access to mental healthcare services for individuals with a recent migration background. Among the eight concepts of barriers, the most frequently mentioned were stigma and stigmatisation, language and communication challenges, financial obstacles, cultural barriers (including religious beliefs and faith) and issues with service delivery. Additionally, differences in culture, education and gender were recognised as factors limiting access to mental health services. Recommendations for policy and practice included implementing a multidisciplinary and multi-agency approach to facilitate access for newly arriving migrants and refugees, increasing financial allocations for translation and interpretation services, enabling policies to promote mental health utilisation and introducing educational programmes at the grassroot level among migrants and refugees.

Conclusion
Policy implementation should address the identified barriers and be routinely assessed for efficacy in service delivery and uptake. Future research should focus on enabling the utilisation of mental healthcare services among migrants, asylum seekers, and refugees.

Clozapine remains the gold standard, outperforming several antipsychotics, while specific combinations may offer added benefits but require careful risk-benefit evaluation. Networks sparsity increases the likelihood of chance findings for estimates based on single studies. These results emphasise the need for personalised treatment, further research comparing non-clozapine antipsychotic combinations to high-dose clozapine monotherapy, and studies on long-term outcomes.

We reviewed the recent cohort study by Raju et al1 on ultra-short coeliac disease (USCD), the first multicentre international study assessing the characteristics of this new entity and comparing them to classic coeliac disease. The study revealed findings that may necessitate a re-evaluation of the current diagnostic guidelines and screening protocols. However, the results showed disparities in USCD prevalence rates among biopsy-confirmed cases across centres, ranging from 0.2% to 8.8%. Moreover, the study did not report the number of bulb biopsies conducted at each centre. Hence, we aimed to systematically assess the global prevalence of USCD and determine factors that might influence its rates. See the for subgroup analyses and methodology. Literature was searched from inception to June 2024 (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus) for studies reporting the prevalence of USCD, using the term or reporting seropositive cases with villous atrophy (VA) confined to the bulb

Objectives
To summarise the best available evidence on tertiary prevention interventions for patients with stroke conducted in African countries, identify the gaps in stroke prevention research and augment efforts to establish stroke rehabilitation guidelines in African countries.

Design
We performed a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement on the basis of a published protocol.

Data sources
We conducted a systematic search of nine electronic databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library and African Index Medicus, published until August 2023 and additionally contacted authors and screened reference lists.

Eligibility criteria
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies on African adult patients with a clinical diagnosis of stroke. The primary outcome was global disability, and secondary outcomes were neurologic function scales.

Data extraction and synthesis
Two authors independently screened the search results, with data extracted by one author and verified by a second author. The data were narratively synthesised. A meta-analysis was done using a random-effects model for metric data using standardised mean differences. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.

Results
Of 3305 publications, 25 studies met the inclusion criteria involving cumulatively 973 patients with subacute and chronic stroke. Two-thirds of the trials were conducted in Nigeria and Egypt. The interventions covered physiotherapeutic, electrophysiologic, psychotherapeutic and transitional care domains with mostly beneficial outcomes. All included studies were RCTs with some concerns about methodologic quality.

Conclusion
This systematic review comprises heterogeneous effective interventions for tertiary stroke prevention mostly conducted in small productive research clusters. There is a growing body of research from African countries covering important fields of stroke rehabilitation, including local adaptations of the rehabilitation process and new knowledge concerning transcranial magnetic stimulation. There remains an urgent need to implement interventions aimed at overcoming barriers to stroke rehabilitation.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42020159125.