Risultati per: Prima terapia farmacologica per l’apnea notturna (OSAS)

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The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved tirzepatide, marketed as Zepbound, for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults with obesity, making it the first sleep apnea drug, according to an agency press release.

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Stroke, Volume 56, Issue Suppl_1, Page ATP139-ATP139, February 1, 2025. Background:The Addressing Sleep Apnea Post-Stroke/TIA (ASAP) clinical trial aimed to enhance OSA management at six VA medical centers through a hybrid implementation trial, requiring coordination across hospital medicine, sleep medicine, nursing, and neurology in both inpatient and outpatient settings. This analysis evaluated the trial’s efforts to standardize early OSA screening in stroke/TIA patients.Methods:This mixed-methods evaluation used configurational comparative methods (CCMs) to identify key contextual factors for successful implementation, examining the joint effects of multiple factors. The stepped-wedge trial ran from May 2019 to January 2024 across three implementation waves. The primary outcome was the Group Organization (GO) score, which measured team cohesion in managing sleep apnea among cerebrovascular patients. Data sources included observational data, qualitative interviews, and administrative data across three periods (A, B, C), calibrated into dichotomous or multi-value categories for analysis.Results:Four key difference-makers distinguished more successful sites (GO score ≥6) from others: routines for ordering inpatient OSA tests, patient care coordination during hospitalization, involvement of field staff, and strong local champions. The ability to order and complete sleep studies was crucial for timely OSA diagnosis. Field staff (e.g., respiratory technicians, polysomnographic technologists, research) played a critical role in coordinating care during inpatient stays and post-discharge. Key pathways to success included active field staff engagement and strong champion support, particularly in the final phase. Less successful sites faced barriers like geographic separation and staff shortages. The figure describes the values for each of these factors at the 4 more successful versus 2 less successful sites.Conclusions:The study highlights the importance of flexibility in integrating new practices, particularly in stroke care requiring multi-specialty coordination. Findings provide a roadmap for healthcare systems implementing similar interventions, emphasizing leadership, coordinated care, and robust tracking for program success.

Stroke, Volume 56, Issue Suppl_1, Page AWMP51-AWMP51, February 1, 2025. Background:Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common among patients with ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) and has been associated with poor outcomes. Guidelines recommend evaluating eligible patients with cerebrovascular events for OSA.Objective:to examine whether a quality improvement (QI) intervention could increase OSA testing post-stroke/TIA.Methods:ASAP (NCT04322162) was a stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial evaluating the effectiveness of a QI intervention to increase OSA testing among ischemic stroke or TIA patients at intervention (N=6) vs. control sites (N=30). Recruitment was at the facility level. The study involved 3 phases: baseline, implementation, and sustainability. The primary outcome was: 30-day OSA diagnostic testing rate. Secondary outcomes were: 30-day continuous positive airway pressure treatment rate, and 90-day recurrent vascular event and readmission rates. ASAP was powered to detect a difference in the primary outcome: baseline vs. implementation. Generalized linear mixed-effects models with binomial distribution and log link fit to patient-level data with site-level random effects were used. The QI intervention included: a virtual kickoff (teams reviewed data, identified improvement opportunities, considered barriers and solutions to diagnosing OSA post-stroke/TIA, and action plan development); monthly collaborative conferences; web-based platform displaying quality data and resource library; and external facilitation.Results:Among 1747 patients at 6 intervention sites the diagnostic rate increased from 2.1% (baseline, 20/952) to 29.1% (implementation, 189/650); among 7454 patients at 30 control sites the 30-day diagnostic rate varied (0.6%-2.2%; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 16.90 (95%CI, 9.49-30.10). The diagnostic rate during sustainability was 11.7% (17/145); aOR 3.58 (1.59-8.04). The 30-day treatment rate varied (0.0%-0.4%) at control sites and increased at intervention sites: 0.3% (baseline, 3/952) to 2.8% (implementation, 18/650; OR 14.22 (2.40-84.40). The treatment rate during sustainability was 0.7% (1/145); aOR 2.66 (0.13-56.21). 90-day readmission and recurrent event rates were lower during implementation and sustainability (vs. baseline); these changes were not statistically significant.Conclusions:QI approaches can markedly increase OSA testing among patients with acute cerebrovascular events. Additional work should identify strategies to increase treatment rates among stroke/TIA patients with OSA.

Stroke, Volume 56, Issue Suppl_1, Page AWP164-AWP164, February 1, 2025. Introduction:Rates of guideline-concordant obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) testing among those with a recent cerebrovascular event are exceedingly low. Understanding the role contextual factors play is necessary to inform successful implementation of quality improvement (QI) initiatives designed to address this gap in stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) care.Methods:Longitudinal data was collected via questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to evaluate the implementation of QI initiatives conducted at six diverse VA Medical Centers (VAMCs) participating in Addressing Sleep Apnea Post-Stroke/TIA (ASAP), a Hybrid Type I, stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial. Intervention components included a Systems Redesign Virtual Collaborative and data monitoring (Figure 1). Implementation strategies included external facilitation and audit and feedback. Provider- (e.g., clinical training) and systems-level contextual elements (e.g., Champion Team members and their roles) were collected. Select Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) constructs were rated in terms of magnitude and valence. The primary outcome of successful implementation was defined at the end of 21 months of active implementation as obtaining a Group Organizational (GO) score of ≥6 a measure of programmatic development and maturation. Comparisons of sites were conducted across contextual elements and stratified by those achieving a GO score of ≥6 (Figure 2).Results:ASAP Sites 1 through 4 obtained a GO score ≥6 (range: 7-9); across these sites, the Clinical Champion had: (1) field staff engaged in activities such as care coordination; (2) full to partial support of their local sleep personnel, and; (3) consistently positive CFIR scores values. These sites also received a greater amount of external facilitation and used a quality dashboard more often. All 4 sites created a change in health care personnel and medical center culture that stressed the importance of OSA testing soon after a cerebrovascular event occurred.Conclusions:Developing strong and consistent Champion teams who meaningfully engaged with local VAMC personnel within and across sleep medicine and stroke service lines was important for implementation success. Other key contextual factors for changing culture and creating a healthcare system wide approach to improving OSA testing for stroke/TIA patients included external facilitators and using performance data.Clinical Trials registration:NCT04322162