Risultati per: Carcinoma della prostata

Despite recent progress, long-term survival remains low for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The most effective HCC therapies target the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), and there are almost no therapies that directly target tumor cells. Here, we investigated the regulation and function of tumor cell-expressed YAP and TAZ in HCC.

The therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is poor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and varies greatly among individuals. Schlafen (SLFN) family members have important functions in immunity and oncology, but their roles in cancer immunobiology remain unclear. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of the SLFN family in immune responses against HCC.

Objectives
The present study aimed to develop and validate nomograms to predict the survival of patients with breast invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) to aid objective decision-making.

Design
Prognostic factors were identified using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses and used to construct nomograms to predict overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) at 3 and 5 years. Kaplan-Meier analysis, calibration curves, the area under the curve (AUC) and the concordance index (C-index) evaluated the nomograms’ performance. Decision curve analysis (DCA), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and net reclassification improvement (NRI) were used to compare the nomograms with the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system.

Setting
Patient data were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. This database holds data related to the incidence of cancer acquired from 18 population-based cancer registries in the US.

Participants
We ruled out 1893 patients and allowed the incorporation of 1340 patients into the present study.

Results
The C-index of the AJCC8 stage was lower than that of the OS nomogram (0.670 vs 0.766) and the OS nomograms had higher AUCs than the AJCC8 stage (3 years: 0.839 vs 0.735, 5 years: 0.787 vs 0.658). On calibration plots, the predicted and actual outcomes agreed well, and DCA revealed that the nomograms had better clinical utility compared with the conventional prognosis tool. In the training cohort, the NRI for OS was 0.227, and for BCSS was 0.182, while the IDI for OS was 0.070, and for BCSS was 0.078 (both p

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading cancers worldwide. Classically, HCC develops in genetically susceptible individuals who are exposed to risk factors especially in the presence of liver cirrhosis. Significant temporal and geographical variations exist for HCC and its etiologies. Over time, the burden of HCC has shifted from the low-moderate to the high sociodemographic index regions, reflecting the transition from viral to non-viral causes. Geographically, the hepatitis viruses predominate as HCC causes in Asia and Africa.

This meta-analysis examines whether immunotherapy confers a survival benefit for patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and low expression of PD-L1.

This systematic review and meta-analysis of 129 studies evaluates the predictors and treatment outcomes for primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma among a total of 137 449 patients.

In Reply We agree with Ms Hu and Dr Kao that the current NCCN guidelines recommend definitive radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy for NPC with stage II and T3N0 disease, and in this subset, induction or adjuvant chemotherapy only for patients with high-risk features including bulky tumor volume or high serum EBV DNA copy number. Our study excluded patients who had NPC with high-risk features, so all patients with low-risk NPC were not treated with induction or adjuvant chemotherapy. Although triweekly delivery of cisplatin has been the standard regimen for concurrent chemotherapy, a phase 2 clinical trial comparing weekly and triweekly cisplatin during radiotherapy reported that the therapeutic effect and acute reactions of triweekly regimen were similar to that of the weekly regimen. However, other studies have reported significantly greater hematological toxicity but lower gastrointestinal reactions with a weekly cisplatin regimen.

To the Editor A recent study assessed the noninferiority of IMRT alone vs concurrent chemoradiotherapy for treating low-risk NPC. The noninferiority claim was based on a 3-year failure-free survival rate with a noninferiority margin of 10% for the absolute failure-free survival rate difference.

To the Editor We have several comments about the recent study that found that intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) alone was not inferior for 3-year failure-free survival compared with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with low-risk nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

To the Editor The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines currently recommend that concurrent chemoradiotherapy be the primary treatment for patients with T1-2N1M0, T3N0M0, and T2N0M0 NPC with high-risk features. A recent study reported that patients with low-risk stage II and T3N0M0 cancer who received IMRT alone had the same oncologic outcomes but better long-term quality of life than those who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy. We have 3 concerns about the definition of the truly low-risk NPC.

Objective
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often develops in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis at an annual risk of up to 2.5%. Some host genetic risk factors have been identified but do not account for the majority of the variance in occurrence. This study aimed to identify novel susceptibility loci for the development of HCC in people with alcohol related cirrhosis.

Design
Patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis and HCC (cases: n=1214) and controls without HCC (n=1866), recruited from Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy and the UK, were included in a two-stage genome-wide association study using a case–control design. A validation cohort of 1520 people misusing alcohol but with no evidence of liver disease was included to control for possible association effects with alcohol misuse. Genotyping was performed using the InfiniumGlobal Screening Array (V.24v2, Illumina) and the OmniExpress Array (V.24v1-0a, Illumina).

Results
Associations with variants rs738409 in PNPLA3 and rs58542926 in TM6SF2 previously associated with an increased risk of HCC in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis were confirmed at genome-wide significance. A novel locus rs2242652(A) in TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) was also associated with a decreased risk of HCC, in the combined meta-analysis, at genome-wide significance (p=6.41×10–9, OR=0.61 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.70). This protective association remained significant after correction for sex, age, body mass index and type 2 diabetes (p=7.94×10–5, OR=0.63 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.79). Carriage of rs2242652(A) in TERT was associated with an increased leucocyte telomere length (p=2.12×10–44).

Conclusion
This study identifies rs2242652 in TERT as a novel protective factor for HCC in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis.