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Objectives
To explore attitudes to and experiences using a smartphone-based self-test for prediction of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women.

Design
A qualitative, descriptive study.

Setting
An obstetrical care unit at a university hospital in Denmark.

Participants
Twenty women who had participated in the Salurate trial, a clinical trial testing the efficacy of a smartphone-based self-test for prediction of pre-eclampsia, were purposefully chosen for the study, using maximum variation sampling.

Data collection and analysis
Data were collected by semistructured, individual, face-to-face interviews conducted from 4 October 2018 to 8 November 2018. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed by means of thematic analysis.

Results
Qualitative thematic analysis resulted in the identification of three main themes: Raising awareness, self-testing has the potential to be an integrated part of pregnancy and trusting in technology. Two subthemes were identified under each main theme.

Conclusions
The smartphone-based self-test for prediction of pre-eclampsia has potential to be integrated into antenatal care, and women found it feasible to use. However, testing affected the participating women psychologically, leading to feelings of worry as well as safety. Therefore, if self-testing is implemented, it is important to take actions to handle adverse psychological side effects, including increasing knowledge on pre-eclampsia and having healthcare professionals ongoingly address the psychological state of women throughout pregnancy. In addition, it is essential to emphasise the importance of subjective bodily sensations during pregnancy, including fetal movements. Further studies on the experience of being labelled low risk versus high risk for pre-eclampsia are warranted since this was not investigated in this trial.

Objectives
A recent review recommended UK postgraduate medical education should produce doctors capable of providing general care in broad specialties across a range of different settings. Responding to this, broad-based training (BBT) was introduced in Scotland in 2018 to provide postgraduate trainees with a grounding in four specialties. Introduced as an option for trainees after initial postgraduate ‘Foundation’ training, it comprises 6 months in general medicine, general practice, paediatrics and psychiatry.
This study addresses two key BBT outcomes. It examines how successful BBT is in developing trainees who perceive they are able to work beyond traditional specialty boundaries to care for patients with complex, multifactorial healthcare needs. Second, it explores how well BBT prepares trainees for their next stage in training.

Design
A longitudinal qualitative study using semistructured interviews to collect data from BBT trainees, trainers and ‘programme architects’. Fifty-one interviews were conducted, 31 with trainees (with up to three interviews per trainee across BBT and immediately afterwards (post-BBT)) and 20 with trainers. Data were subject to thematic analysis.

Results
Two overarching themes were identified: (1) trainees able to work beyond specialty boundaries and (2) preparation for the next stage in training. BBT trainees were able to see the links and overlap between different specialties and understand the interface between primary and secondary care. They did not perceive that BBT (as compared with single-specialty early-stage training) disadvantaged them, other than in terms of specialty examination preparation. BBT was seen as a way to keep career options open in a system where it is difficult to switch training pathway.

Conclusions
BBT has the capacity to create doctors who will carry on using their generalist skills to care for patients more holistically, even if they end up working in focused practice areas. BBT helps to keep options open for longer, which is beneficial in a highly structured training environment.

Introduction
Consistent evidence shows pathology services are overused worldwide and that about one-third of testing is unnecessary. Audit and feedback (AF) is effective for improving care but few trials evaluating AF to reduce pathology test requesting in primary care have been conducted. The aim of this trial is to estimate the effectiveness of AF for reducing requests for commonly overused pathology test combinations by high-requesting Australian general practitioners (GPs) compared with no intervention control. A secondary aim is to evaluate which forms of AF are most effective.

Methods and analysis
This is a factorial cluster randomised trial conducted in Australian general practice. It uses routinely collected Medicare Benefits Schedule data to identify the study population, apply eligibility criteria, generate the interventions and analyse outcomes. On 12 May 2022, all eligible GPs were simultaneously randomised to either no intervention control or to one of eight intervention groups. GPs allocated to an intervention group received individualised AF on their rate of requesting of pathology test combinations compared with their GP peers. Three separate elements of the AF intervention will be evaluated when outcome data become available on 11 August 2023: (1) invitation to participate in continuing professional development-accredited education on appropriate pathology requesting, (2) provision of cost information on pathology test combinations and (3) format of feedback. The primary outcome is the overall rate of requesting of any of the displayed combinations of pathology tests of GPs over 6 months following intervention delivery. With 3371 clusters, assuming no interaction and similar effects for each intervention, we anticipate over 95% power to detect a difference of 4.4 requests in the mean rate of pathology test combination requests between the control and intervention groups.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethics approval was received from the Bond University Human Research Ethics Committee (#JH03507; approved 30 November 2021). The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences. Reporting will adhere to Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials.

Trial registration number
ACTRN12622000566730.

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Introduction
Although ultrasound can reportedly diagnose discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) in children, its widespread application is challenging because the diagnostic criteria are based on qualitative descriptions of DLM morphology rather than quantitative parameters. Additionally, no studies have applied ultrasound in classifying DLM. Therefore, this study aims to establish the quantitative ultrasound parameters that reflect DLM morphology, evaluate the feasibility and validity of these parameters for identifying DLM and their classification, and develop the quantitative ultrasound diagnostic criteria for DLM and their classification in children.

Methods and analysis
Patients will be recruited from the outpatient clinics of the orthopaedics department at West China Hospital, Sichuan University, the Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Xinhua Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yibin Hospital affiliated with West China Hospital Sichuan University, Suining Central Hospital and the Third Hospital of Mianyang from August 2022 to July 2024. Eligible patients are those aged ≤14 years, with knee symptoms such as pain, locking and limited extension, and who planned to undergo arthroscopic surgery. Exclusion criteria are patients with contraindications to ultrasound examination, such as severe skin damage or fracture around the knee. The sample size is estimated to be 576 cases with a power of 0.9 for hypothesis testing, a two-sided α of 0.05, and an expected sensitivity and specificity of 95%. Three days before surgery, ultrasound will be used to observe the morphology of the lateral meniscus and measure its width, angle α formed by the chord of upper and lower arc-shaped articular surface at the free edge, and the movement distance of the peripheral rim. Participants will be categorised according to the arthroscopy results for the DLM and its classification. The diagnostic performance of each parameter will be assessed and compared in terms of the area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values.

Ethics and dissemination
This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University (approval no. 2022-923), and this approval covers all study hospitals. Written informed consent is required from all participants before enrolment in the study. The study’s findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.

Trial registration number
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200062000).

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