Family stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative analysis

Objective
This study aimed to understand experiences with stress and coping strategies used among families in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/Setting
This qualitative study took place in the paediatric outpatient clinics of a large academic medical centre in the USA between March and July of 2021.

Participants
Parents (over the age of 18 years) of children under the age of 18 years were invited to complete a 30-minute semistructured interview.

Primary and secondary outcome measures
Participants were asked about types of stressors experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic and coping strategies used. All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. In the grounded theory tradition, transcripts underwent thematic analysis.

Results
A total of 26 participants completed interviews, including 88% (n=23) women, 85% (n=22) reported having children under the age of 10 years and 65% (n=17) were 30–50 years of age. Themes that emerged included the compounding effect of COVID-19 stressors, in which participants described multiple, intersecting sources of stress. One parent noted, “I worked two different jobs, since the other job I had counted on working, I lost because of COVID. And so, working from home, also with the kids, was stressful.” The second theme reflected the challenges for children with virtual schooling due to decreased educational support. The third theme was the need for parental self-care. The fourth theme was finding the silver lining in which parents noted unforeseen opportunities for resilience by spending time in nature and activities promoting family bonding.

Conclusions
Parents indicated need for self-care, connecting with their child(ren) and spending time in nature. Future work should develop approaches to support families in these areas when facing complex stressors, especially during a pandemic or other times of crisis.

Leggi
Maggio 2023

Study protocol: how does parental stress measured by clinical scales and voice acoustic stress markers predict childrens response to PTSD trauma-focused therapies?

Introduction
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in youth are influenced by parental anxiety and stress. When parents have high levels of stress or have developed PTSD themselves, children tend to show more anxiety symptoms. Parental stress can affect the severity of children’s PTSD and lower the success of recovery. However, the influence of parental stress on the effectiveness of trauma-focused therapies (eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing and cognitive behavioural therapy) has not yet been investigated to our knowledge. Hence, we will measure parental stress (using both validated scales and vocal acoustic markers) and investigate how it influences children’s PTSD recovery.

Method and analysis
Sixty children between the ages of 7 and 15 years who experienced type 1 trauma will be recruited at the Nice Pediatric Psychotrauma Center in France. We plan to measure stress using two different approaches. We will ask parents to answer validated scales of stress and mood in general. Stress will also be measured using vocal acoustic markers. Parents will be recorded while narrating their child’s trauma and during the narrative of a positive and neutral recall of events. Child participants will have to complete anxiety, PTSD and depression scales before the beginning of the trauma-focused therapy and after 3 months of treatment.
Linear mixed effects models and differential statistics, such as significance testing corrected for multiple testing, will be used to determine the validity of speech features for the proposed hypotheses. Repeated measures analysis of variance will be performed on the clinical scales scores according to parental stress. Correlations will be performed between clinical scales of parents and children according to time of assessment.

Ethics and dissemination
This study was approved by the Committee for the Protection of Individuals of the University of Nice Sophia Antipolis (CERNI) on 21 February 2022, under the number CER2022-015.
All participants will be informed that this is an observational study and their consent taken prior to the experiment. Participants will be informed that they can withdraw from the study at any time and that it would not affect the care provided.

Trial registration number
CER AVIS n° 2022-015.

Leggi
Maggio 2023

Bony Stroke: Ischemic Stroke Caused by Mechanical Stress on Brain Supplying Arteries From Anatomical Bone or Cartilage Anomalies

Stroke, Ahead of Print. Background:Bone or cartilage anomalies with affection of brain supplying arteries are a potential structural cause for ischemic stroke. In the following, we termed this entity bony stroke. Due to rarity of their description, there is no standardized workup and therapy for bony strokes.Methods:Retrospectively, we extracted diagnostic and therapeutic workup of all patients considered to have had a bony stroke between January 2017 to March 2022 at our comprehensive care center.Results:In total, 6 patients classified as a bony stroke were identified among 4200 acute patients with ischemic stroke treated during the study period. Each patient had recurrent ischemic strokes in the dependent vascular territory before diagnosis. Diagnosis was achieved by a combination of imaging devices, including sonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. In addition to conventional static imaging, the application of dynamic imaging modalities with the patients’ head in rotation or reclination confirmed a vessel affection following head movements in 3 patients (50%). Treatment options were interdisciplinary assessed and included the following: conservative treatment (n=1), endovascular stenting (n=2) or occlusion (n=2), surgical removal of bone/ cartilage (n=2), and surgical bypass treatment (n=1). In follow-up (mean 11.7 months), no patient experienced further ischemia.Conclusions:As a differential diagnosis, bony strokes may be considered in patients with recurrent ischemic stroke of unknown cause in one dependent vascular territory. Interdisciplinary evaluation and treatment may eliminate risk of stroke recurrence.

Leggi
Aprile 2023

Stress load and volunteer motivation of patient volunteers in Fangcang shelter hospitals in Shanghai, China during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey

Objectives
This study aims to assess the volunteer motivation and stress load of patient volunteers in the Fangcang shelter hospitals (FSHs), examine their associations, and explore the potential influence factors of volunteer motivation.

Design
Cross-sectional online survey conducted from 21 April to 20 May 2022.

Setting
Questionnaires were collected from patient volunteers selected by random cluster sampling in the FSHs in Shanghai, China.

Participants
197 participants who met the inclusion criteria as patients who were asymptomatic or presenting with mild symptoms in the FSHs and who volunteered to assist with routine work under quarantined settings.

Outcome measures
We investigated sociodemographic information, stress load and volunteer motivation through an online survey using the Volunteer Function Inventory and the Stress Overload Scale. Comparisons between groups were conducted by applying t-tests or analysis of variance. The correlation between volunteer motivation and stress was analysed by Pearson correlation. Influencing factors of volunteer motivation were determined by multivariable linear regression models. A value of p

Leggi
Aprile 2023