Risultati per: Linee-guida GOLD 2023,cosa cambia?

Worldwide, cholera cases increased by 13% last year, from 473 000 in 2022 to more than 535 000 in 2023, according to an epidemiological report by the World Health Organization (WHO). The cases were reported in 45 countries, up from 44 in 2022 and 35 in 2021. Deaths also increased, from 2350 deaths in 2022 to 4007 in 2023.

Report dell’Oms: ‘E’ il numero più alto dal 1995. Supera il Covid’

Annals of Internal Medicine, Ahead of Print.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and the associated factors regarding spectacle use among adults living in Debre Birhan Town, North Shewa, Ethiopia.

Design
A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted using a multistage sampling method.

Setting
The study was conducted in Debre Birhan Town, North Shewa, Ethiopia.

Participants
The study included 1022 adults aged ≥18 years living in Debre Birhan Town for more than 6 months.

Main outcome measures
Data were collected using face-to-face interviews completed by an interviewer.

Results
The study included 1022 adults with a median age of 45 years. Of the participants, 86.01% (95% CI 83.88, 88.14) had adequate knowledge and 85.32% (95% CI 83.15, 87.50) had favourable attitude towards spectacle use. Older age (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.21, 95% CI 1.17, 1.26), higher educational status (AOR=2.65, 95% CI 1.06, 6.60), history of spectacle use (AOR=3.20, 95% CI 1.31, 7.83) and family history of spectacle use (AOR=4.75, 95% CI 2.31, 9.75) were positively associated with having adequate knowledge of spectacle use. Higher educational status (AOR=2.56, 95% CI 1.26, 5.21), history of spectacle use (AOR=3.22, 95% CI 1.58, 6.55), family history of spectacle use (AOR=1.89, 95% CI 1.13, 3.16) and adequate knowledge about spectacle use (AOR=4.63, 95% CI 2.69, 7.98) were positively associated with having favourable attitude towards spectacle use.

Conclusion
This study revealed a good proportion of adults with adequate knowledge and favourable attitude towards spectacle use. Higher educational status, history of spectacle use and family history of spectacle use were significantly associated with having adequate knowledge and favourable attitude towards spectacle use.

Objectives
The objective of this study is to examine the zonal-wide load undetectable state and predictors among children and adolescents living with HIV at South Gondar health institutions, 2023.

Design
A retrospective cohort study.

Setting
South Gondar Health Institutions, Northwest, Ethiopia.

Participants
We recruited 430 children and adolescents living with HIV who had a follow-up at the antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic at health institutions from 1 June 2016 to 30 April 2023.

Outcome measures
The primary outcome measure of this study was the viral load undetectable state estimation. Moreover, the study assessed the median time viral load undetectable state and its predictors by the Cox-proportional hazard model. Data were entered into Epi-data V.4.2 and exported to STATA V.17 statistical software for analysis.

Results
The mean follow-up period was 8.5 (95% CI 8.1 to 8.9)±4.4 SD months, overall yielding 9151 person-month observations. At the end of the follow-up, 369 (85.8%, 95% CI 82.6% to 88.8%) of the children and adolescents achieved the viral load undetected state. Moreover, the overall median survival time to develop viral load undetectable state was found to be 6 months.
The viral load undetected state in children and adolescents who have a cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count above the threshold level was 2.8 times higher than those in children and adolescents with a CD4 count lower than the threshold level (adjusted HR (AHR) 2.8 (95% CI 1.5, 5.3)). Likewise, the viral load undetected state in children and adolescents who have a good level of ART adherence was 2.0 times higher than those children and adolescents with a fair/poor level of ART adherence (AHR 2.0 (95% CI 1.1, 3.9)). Moreover, children and adolescents who had nutritional status ≥–2 Z score increased a viral load undetected state by 2.3 times as compared with children and adolescents with nutritional status

La corteccia si riduce dell’1%, ma succede anche in pubertà e gravidanza

A Gorizia in corso campagna di prevenzione incidenti stradali

Dati Iss, il 66% senza cintura nei sedili posteriori, il 20% non usa il seggiolino per i bambini

Objectives
Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) has garnered significant research interest. The main aim of this study was to analyse the unique characteristics of publications centred around MBS for OSAS. We aimed to provide valuable insights into the present status of the field and offer predictions regarding future trends.

Design
Bibliometric analysis through science mapping and performance analysis methods.

Data sources
Scientific articles.

Data extraction and synthesis
A comprehensive search was conducted in the Web of Science database to retrieve publications on MBS for OSAS within the time frame of 1999–2023. The search was performed using keywords such as “Obstructive Sleep Apnea syndrome”, “OSAS”, “metabolic surgery” and “bariatric surgery” to identify relevant papers. To analyse the bibliometric characteristics of these publications, VOSviewer and R software were used. This analysis encompassed various aspects, including the number of publications, contributions by different countries and institutions, the most cited author, journal publications, citation frequency and the identification of keywords related to popular scientific fields.

Results
1264 papers on MBS for OSAS were identified and are currently in a stage of rapid growth. The relevant study involved 1230 institutions from 53 different countries, with the USA topping the field with 465 publications contributed. Assistance Publique Hopitaux Paris proved to be the most productive institution, with De Vries N posting the highest number of papers (n=24). The most prolific journal was Obesity Surgery, with 241 publications. Keywords “Bariatric surgery”, “Obstructive sleep apnea”, “Obesity”, “Weight loss” and “Morbid obesity” have the highest frequency of occurrence.

Conclusions
The relationship between obesity and OSAS, various metabolic surgical techniques, and the mechanism of MBS for OSAS will continue to be related areas of frontiers. Furthermore, while there has been a gradual increase in basic research, the mechanisms involved and the long-term efficacy of bariatric MBS for OSAS still require further investigation. It is anticipated that these research areas may emerge as potential hot topics in the future.

This study examines trends in heat-related mortality rates in the US population from 1999 to 2023.

Circulation, Volume 150, Issue 15, Page 1158-1160, October 8, 2024.