Productive infection of primary human hepatocytes with SARS-CoV-2 induces antiviral and proinflammatory responses

We read with interest the article by Luxenburger and Thimme, summarising current knowledge about hepatic sequelae in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection.1 As acute liver injury is observed in one-third of the patients with hospitalised COVID-192 3 and chronic liver disease is associated with higher mortality rates,4 a detailed understanding of hepatic susceptibility and dysfunction in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection is of utmost importance. Previous studies have provided evidence of hepatic infection,5–7 however, the molecular mechanisms underlying acute liver injury associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection are not well understood. Here we show that primary human hepatocytes (PHH) can be productively infected with SARS-CoV-2. Donor-specific production kinetics were observed, with de novo viral secretion from PHH increasing in a time-dependent manner for four out of six donors (figure 1A). To explore virus replication and…

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Settembre 2024

Enhancing the Methods of a Rapid Virus Testing Study

To the Editor We read with great interest the study conducted by Schober et al, in which the objective was to assess whether rapid respiratory virus testing in emergency department patients suspected of having acute respiratory infections correlates with reduced antibiotic administration, fewer ancillary tests, shorter emergency department duration, and lower rates of emergency department revisits and hospital admissions, alongside an increase in influenza antiviral therapy. I would like to start by commending the author for adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline and registering the protocol in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), which established a strong foundation for this systematic review. However, when analyzing the research methods, I identified several areas that could further strengthen the study.

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Settembre 2024

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and mental health of school staff: a cross-sectional study of schools from four areas of Montreal, Quebec in 2021

Objectives
To assess the seroprevalence of infection-acquired SARS-CoV-2 and the mental health of school/daycare staff in the months after reopening of schools in Montreal, Quebec (Canada) in the Fall of 2020 and whether these varied by school and participant characteristics.

Design
A cross-sectional design based on a convenience sample of schools/daycares and staff was used as the originally planned longitudinal design was no longer feasible due to obstacles in recruitment, for example, teacher’s strike.

Setting
Forty-nine schools/daycares in four Montreal neighbourhoods from March to October 2021.

Participants
Three-hundred and sixty-two participants completed both questionnaires and serology tests.

Primary and secondary outcome measures
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and prevalence of anxiety, depression, resilience and burnout/emotional exhaustion.

Results
The seroprevalence estimate made representative to the Quebec population of educators was 8.6% (95% CI 5.2 to 13.0). The adjusted seroprevalence in high school was 20% that of elementary school (aRR=0.20, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.58). Thirty per cent of seropositive staff were exposed to a household member with confirmed COVID-19. Prevalence of high emotional exhaustion/burnout was 35%, 44% and 53% in daycare, elementary school and high school staff, respectively. However, moderate/severe anxiety and depression and low resilience did not exceed 18%. After adjusting for confounders, being very afraid of catching COVID-19 at school was associated with moderate–severe anxiety, moderate–severe depression and high emotional exhaustion (aRR=4.4, 95% CI 2.2 to 8.9; aRR=2.8, 95% CI 1.5 to 5.4; aRR=2.2, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.0, respectively).

Conclusion
The seroprevalence, anxiety and depression among school/daycare staff were comparable to the reported levels in the adult population of Quebec. The prevalence of emotional exhaustion/burnout was high across all school levels and exceeding the average across all occupations in the USA and in teachers in Germany.

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Agosto 2024

Increased Dengue Virus Infection Risk in the US, CDC Cautions

Dengue virus infections have surged worldwide this year, including in Puerto Rico, which declared a public health emergency in March. Amid rising cases in the US—nearly 2400 as of the second week of July—the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued a statement cautioning clinicians, public health officials, and the public about an increased risk of contracting the illness.

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Agosto 2024

Does Infectious Bird Flu Virus Persist After Pasteurization?

In June, the US Food and Drug Administration tested 297 retail dairy samples and found none contained the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus, also known as bird flu. But a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that small amounts of the infectious virus still remained in some samples of raw milk that were heated at 72 °C (about 162 °F) for 15 seconds, which is a common way to pasteurize milk in the US.

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Agosto 2024