Risultati per: Sviluppo di un test meno invasivo per la malattia infiammatoria intestinale

Annals of Internal Medicine, Volume 177, Issue 9, Page JC107, September 2024.

Annals of Internal Medicine, Ahead of Print.

In July, the World Health Organization (WHO) prequalified the first hepatitis C virus (HCV) self-test. The product, called OraQuick HCV self-test, is an extension of the OraQuick HCV Rapid Antibody test that the agency prequalified in 2017 for professional use. This self-test kit is designed as a convenient and stigma-free way to reach people who might not otherwise get tested for HCV and therefore go undiagnosed.

Conferita all’Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche

Oms chiede una procedura di emergenza, ‘urge accesso più rapido’

Condizione rara, ma grave, causata da depositi di proteine anomale

In a highly publicized study from Sweden, sensitivity and specificity were both about 90%.

Tecnologia dell’Università Carlo Bo esplora uso di globuli rossi

Circulation, Volume 150, Issue 8, Page 642-650, August 20, 2024. Intravenous infusion of sodium-channel blockers (SCB) with either ajmaline, flecainide, procainamide, or pilsicainide to unmask the ECG of Brugada syndrome is the drug challenge most commonly used for diagnostic purposes when investigating cases possibly related to inherited arrhythmia syndromes. For a patient undergoing an SCB challenge, the impact of a positive result goes well beyond its diagnostic implications. It is, therefore, appropriate to question who should undergo a SCB test to diagnose or exclude Brugada syndrome and, perhaps more importantly, who should not. We present a critical review of the benefits and drawbacks of the SCB challenge when performed in cardiac arrest survivors, patients presenting with syncope, family members of probands with confirmed Brugada syndrome, and asymptomatic patients with suspicious ECG.

Objectives
The main aim was to determine the diagnostic performance of an albuminuria point-of-care test (POC) for diagnosis of chronic kidney disease among young people living with HIV (YPLHIV) in Uganda.

Design
We conducted a cross-sectional study comparing the diagnostic performance of MicroalbuPHAN (Erba Lachema, Czech Republic), an albuminuria POC test against the laboratory-measured albumin and creatinine as the reference standard.

Setting
The study was set in seven HIV clinics in Kampala, Uganda that provide antiretroviral therapy to adults and children living with HIV. The study took place from April to August 2023.

Participants
497 YPLHIV aged 10–24 years who were diagnosed with HIV before 10 years of age were randomly selected from the HIV clinics. Pregnant YPLHIV were excluded.

Procedures
Participants provided a spot urine sample that was tested for albumin and creatinine using the POC and in the laboratory and proteinuria using urine dipstick. The sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values (NPV, PPV) of the POC versus the laboratory test were calculated, and factors associated with having a positive POC test were estimated using logistic regression.

Outcome measures
The primary outcome was a diagnosis of albuminuria defined as an albumin creatinine ratio above 30 mg/g.

Results
Of the 497 participants enrolled, 278 (55.9%) were female and 331 (66.8%) were aged 10–17 years. The POC test had a sensitivity of 74.5% (95% CI 70.6% to 78.4%) and specificity of 68.1% (95% CI 63.9% to 72.3%). The PPV was 21.5% (95% CI 17.8% to 25.1%) and the NPV was 95.8% (95% CI 94.0% to 97.6%), with an accuracy of 68.8%. There was strong evidence that a positive POC test was associated with having proteinuria (OR 2.82; 95% CI 1.89 to 4.22, p

Lo conferma uno studio su 1.200 persone

Introduction
Programmes for older people aimed at increasing physical activity (PA) and reducing sedentary behaviour (SB) traditionally focus on achieving functional and health improvements. Focusing on enjoyment and social inclusion could strengthen adherence and help reach older people with social disadvantages. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the Join4Joy approach in PA programmes and its assessment tools.

Methods and analysis
A multicentric, pragmatic, pre-post feasibility study using mixed methods will be conducted. The intervention will consist of a PA programme boosting enjoyment and social inclusion, grounded on a co-creation process. Trainers will offer twelve, 1-hour weekly sessions of structured, supervised, group-based PA. Participants will be encouraged to increase activity in daily living. 144 older people will be recruited from the community and nursing homes in Spain, Denmark, Italy, Germany, and France. Additionally, participants and trainers will be invited to join virtual communities of practice to share their experiences across settings and countries. Qualitative procedures will be used to explore the acceptability of the design via interviews and focus groups with participants and trainers. Quantitative methods will be used to assess uptake, adherence, retention, reach, satisfaction, enjoyment (PACES questionnaire), physical function (e.g., Short Physical Performance Battery), quality of life (EQ-5D-5L scale), perceived improvement (Patient Global Impression of Improvement scale-I), activities of daily living (Barthel index) and SB and PA patterns (IPAQ and accelerometry). The degree and type of participation in virtual communities of practice will also be assessed. SPSS software will be used for the analysis of quantitative variables. Qualitative data will be analysed using reflective thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke (2006).

Ethics and dissemination
A favourable report by the Research Ethics Committee of UVic-UCC (282/2023) was obtained on 26 June 26th, 2023. Participation and withdrawal will be voluntary. Participants’ (or their legal guardians’, when necessary) written permission will be required. Results of the study will be disseminated through publication of scientific articles, presentations at sport and health-related professional conferences and congresses, as well as through social media and via the Join4Joy website.

Study registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06100835.

Objectives
Limited evidence exists on the association of Pap test utilisation with comorbidity and functional impairment among middle-aged non-Hispanic black (NHB) women in the USA. We aimed to assess whether middle-aged NHB women with a higher burden of comorbidity and functional impairment have a lower rate of Pap test utilisation.

Design
Nationwide cross-sectional survey in the USA.

Setting
2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Participants
6359 middle-aged NHB women.

Exposures and outcome
The primary exposures were comorbidity and functional impairment. The outcome of interest was whether a woman reported having a Pap test in the last 3 years.

Data analysis
We fit unadjusted and multivariable logistic regression models to calculate ORs and 95% CI for comorbidity and functional impairment. Sensitivity analysis was restricted to women without a history of hysterectomy or cancer. We added interaction terms between exposures and age, as well as lifestyle indicators.

Results
Of the 6359 women, 4141 (65.1%) had comorbidity and 2429 (38.2%) had functional impairment. Middle-aged NHB women with comorbidity (≥2 vs 0, aOR=0.72, 95% CI=0.61 to 0.85, p trend