Prevalence of and factors associated with the use of gender-affirming hormonal therapy outside the reference regimen among transgender people in a community-led clinic in Metro Manila, Philippines: a retrospective cross-sectional study

Objectives
We aimed to describe the gender-affirming hormonal therapy (GAHT) intake behaviour and regimen and the factors associated with the use of hormones inconsistent with reference GAHT regimen among transgender people in the Philippines.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Transgender community clinic in Metro Manila, Philippines from March 2017 to December 2019.

Participants
Gender-affirming care-seeking individuals of at least 18 years old, who self-identified as transgender or non-binary, and who self-reported current or previous use of GAHT at baseline consult.

Primary outcome measures
Reported drugs and/or administration routes not congruent with the World Professional Association for Transgender Health Standard of Care eighth edition were classified as hormone use outside the reference regimen.

Results
253 transgender people reported current or previous intake of GAHT. Many trans women and transfeminine people (TWTFP; 58.9%, 86/146) reported using oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), whereas most trans men (TM; 73.8%, 79/107) reported injecting testosterone esters. Furthermore, 59.7% (151/253) used hormones outside the reference regimen, widely using OCP and anabolic steroids among TWTFP and TM, respectively. TWTFP (crude prevalence ratio, PR, 3.52; 95% CI 2.35 to 5.49) and those who take unprescribed GAHT (crude PR 2.37; 95% CI 1.08 to 6.68) were more likely to use hormones outside the reference regimen than TM and taking healthcare provider-prescribed GAHT, respectively. On adjusting for covariates, the prevalence of using hormones outside the reference regimen was approximately three times higher (adjusted PR 3.22; 95% CI 2.09 to 5.12) among TWTFP than TM.

Conclusion
Trans people act on their high unmet gender-affirming care needs by taking unprescribed GAHT, many outside the reference regimen. Structural changes in the health system are warranted, including strengthened community-based self-administration practices.

Leggi
Settembre 2023

Protocol for a systematic review of substance use and misuse prevalence and associated factors among transgender and non-binary youth living in the USA

Background
Transgender and gender non-binary (TNB) youth living in the USA report elevated levels of substance use compared with their cisgender counterparts, with previous literature pointing to minority stressors as some of the factors that could facilitate such elevated levels. Yet, substance use and misuse prevalence and associated modifiable factors among TNB youth are not fully known. The current paper details the protocol for a systematic review aimed at (1) identifying substance use and misuse prevalence among TNB youth (ages

Leggi
Agosto 2023

Research Considerations in Digestive and Liver Disease in Transgender and Gender-Diverse Populations

Increasing numbers of people openly identify as transgender and gender diverse (TGD). TGD individuals are people whose gender identity and/or expression do not correspond to the social and cultural expectations commonly associated with their birth sex. Transgender people may adopt visual and behavioral indicators associated with their affirmed gender and sometimes use medical and surgical interventions to induce anatomic and physiologic changes. In contrast, gender-diverse people may reject the constraints of culturally defined social roles associated with their birth sex, or they may reject the concept of gender in its entirety.

Leggi
Agosto 2023

Quality of life of transgender people under the lens of social determinants of health: a scoping review protocol

Introduction
There is an urgent need for knowledge about the transgender population to inform the development of clinical protocols and training of health professionals on the unique issues affecting this population. Discussing transgender quality of life (QoL) through the lens of social determinants of health (SDOHs) would enable gender-specific health interventions. Here, we aimed to review the evidence on the QoL of transgender people from an SDOH perspective.

Methods and analysis
A scoping review (ScR) protocol following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews statement and guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute was used. MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus and registry sites such as ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO ICTRP will be searched. Additional sources to be searched include ProQuest Dissertations/Theses Global, British Library, Google Scholar and Preprints for Health Sciences-medRXiv. Two independent researchers will carry out the selection, data charting and data synthesis. No date restriction will be applied in this ScR. The search will be restricted to articles published in English, Spanish and Portuguese. The results will be presented in tables, narrative summaries and graphs and will be graded on the type of data presented and the results. The search strategy will be updated in April 2023. The expected completion date of this ScR is July 2023.

Ethics and dissemination
This ScR protocol does not require ethical approval. Dissemination plans include peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations to be shared with experts in the field, and advisory groups to inform discussions on future research. It is hoped that our findings will be of interest to practitioners, researchers, stakeholders, public and private managers, and the general population concerned with this emerging public health issue.

Trial registration number
osf.io/9ukz6.

Leggi
Luglio 2023