Risultati per: Standard di qualità sulla Fibrillazione Atriale

Studio italiano, da domani il congresso di Pneumologia a Milano

Objective
To assess the effect of goal-directed mobilisation (GDM) on physical functioning in medical inpatients.

Design
Randomised, controlled, single-centre, parallel, superiority trial with a 3-month follow-up and blinded outcome assessment.

Setting
General internal medicine wards of a Swiss tertiary acute hospital, September 2021 to April 2023.

Participants
Adults with expected hospitalisation of ≥5 days, physiotherapy prescription and ability to follow study procedures.

Intervention
GDM during hospitalisation, which includes personal goal setting and a short session of patient education through a physiotherapist (experimental group), versus standard care (control group).

Outcome measures
The primary outcome was the change in physical activity between baseline and day 5 (De Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI)). Secondary outcomes included in-hospital accelerometer-measured mobilisation time; in-hospital falls; delirium; length of stay; change in independence in activities of daily living, concerns of falling and quality of life; falls, readmission and mortality within 3 months.

Results
The study was completed by 123 of 162 (76%) patients enrolled, with the primary outcome collected at day 5 in 126 (78%) participants. DEMMI Score improved by 8.2 (SD 15.1) points in the control group and 9.4 (SD 14.2) in the intervention group, with a mean difference of 0.3 (adjusted for the stratification factors age and initial DEMMI Score, 95% CI –4.1 to 4.8, p=0.88). We did not observe a statistically significant difference in effects of the interventions on any secondary outcome.

Conclusions
The patient’s physical functioning improved during hospitalisation, but the improvement was similar for GDM and standard of care. Improving physical activity during an acute medical hospitalisation remains challenging. Future interventions should target additional barriers that can be implemented without augmenting resources.

Trial registration number
NCT04760392.

Circulation, Volume 150, Issue Suppl_1, Page A4143384-A4143384, November 12, 2024. Introduction:ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is associated with a persistent high global mortality rate. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to improve cardiac outcomes. Wearables may play a key role as promising technology in this clinical scenario.Methods:70 consecutive patients were referred to coronary angiography (cath) due to typical chest pain and STEMI standard 12-lead ECG tracing. At cathlab, 4-electrodes-12-leads-wearable-smartphone-based-ECG-System(AngelUS®) tracing was performed. ECG tracings interpretations were compared between the 2 groups by independent cardiologists blinded to ECGs and then correlated with cath findings. The Cohen κ statistic was used to measure agreement between the 2 groups.Results:Both cardiologists agreed to include 70 standard ECG tracing and 70 AngelUS® ECG tracing as STEMI. Both cardiologists agreed to exclude 70 standard ECG tracing and 70 AngelUS® ECG tracing as absence of STEMI, showing a perfect agreement with Cohen’s k:1. Correlations with coronary angiography were also performed showing total agreement with both ECG diagnostics.Conclusion:In 70 consecutive patients with typical symptoms and STEMI, standard ECG and the AngelUS®4-Electrodes-12-Leads-Wearable-Smartphone-Based-ECG showed clinical agreement. Correlations with coronary angiography were also performed, showing clinical equivalence between both ECG diagnostics. Analysis of AngelUS® ECG tracing compared to standard ECG is ongoing, extending our investigation into the utility of this technology in preoperative ECGs.

Circulation, Volume 150, Issue Suppl_1, Page A4140901-A4140901, November 12, 2024. Background:This meta-analysis aims to compare chest compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CO-CPR) with standard CPR (sCPR), which includes mouth-to-mouth ventilation, as potential strategies for managing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).Methods:We systematically searched various databases and registries such as MEDLINE, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrials.gov to retrieve relevant studies. We used the revised Cochrane “Risk of bias” tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0) to assess the risk of bias in included studies. Revman 5.4 was used to pool dichotomous outcomes under a random effects model.Results:A total of 4 RCTs were included in our meta-analysis. Our results indicate that CO-CPR was associated with a significantly increased survival to hospital discharge compared to sCPR (RR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.46) with minimal heterogeneity (I2= 0%). No significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding 1-day survival (RR 1.07, 95% CI: 0.94 to 1.23), survival to hospital admission with a good neurological outcome (CPC 1 or 2) (RR 1.10, 95% CI: 0.80 to 1.51), return of spontaneous circulation (RR 1.05, 95% CI: 0.95 to 1.17), and survival to hospital admission (RR 1.08, 95% CI: 0.93 to 1.25).Conclusion:This meta-analysis found that chest compression-only CPR (CO-CPR) significantly improves survival to hospital discharge compared to standard CPR for managing OHCA while yielding comparable results for other resuscitation outcomes.

Circulation, Volume 150, Issue Suppl_1, Page A4142087-A4142087, November 12, 2024. Introduction:Ischemia with nonobstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) is an increasingly recognized clinical syndrome. Standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (SMuRFs; hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking) are associated with the development of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, but the prevalence in INOCA is not well described.Methods:From 2017 to 2024, 221 patients with INOCA underwent invasive coronary physiologic assessment including vasoreactivity testing with acetylcholine provocation, guidewire-based assessment of coronary flow reserve (CFR), index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR), and fractional flow reserve (FFR). In our present study, we sought to examine the prevalence of SMuRFs in patients with INOCA.Results:In the entire cohort, the prevalence of SMuRFs were as follows: hypertension (63.3%), diabetes (23.1%), hypercholesterolemia (70.6%), and smoking (7.2%). 33 (14.9%) had no SMuRFs and the rest (85.1%) had at least one modifiable risk factor. SMuRF-less INOCA patients were younger (53.0 ± 11.8 years vs 58.5 ± 10.4 years; p=0.017) and were more commonly female (90.1% vs 68.1%; p=0.007). CFR, IMR and FFR were similar in both groups, but patients with SMuRFs had higher left ventricular end diastolic pressure (14.3 ± 4.7 mmHg vs 11.6 ± 3.4 mmHg; p=0.001) (Figure 1). Among patients with SMuRFs and no SMuRFs, the frequency of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), vasospastic angina (VA), and mixed CMD/VA were similar, but patients with 0 SMuRFs had higher rates of myocardial bridging (21.2% vs 8.5%; p=0.044) (Figure 2).Conclusion:There was a high prevalence of SMuRFs in our study sample, with the majority of patients having hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The presence of SMuRFs was associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Among INOCA phenotypes, myocardial bridging was more common in patients without SMuRFs.

Circulation, Volume 150, Issue Suppl_1, Page A4141749-A4141749, November 12, 2024. Background:Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists namely, Spironolactone and Eplerenone, have been cornerstone therapies for reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure. However, the comparative efficacy and safety profiles of Spironolactone and Eplerenone in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction have been largely unknown.Hypothesis:We hypothesize that Eplerenone is more efficacious and safer than Spironolactone in treating patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction.Methods:We conducted a comprehensive literature search in electronic databases such as PubMed, GoogleScholar, ScienceDirect, Cochrane library, PLOSONE and Clinicaltrial.gov, including studies published within the last 10 years.We used RevMan 5.4.1 version to make statistical calculations and random effects model to calculate the pooled mean difference(MD) and relative risk(RR) values with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals(CI). A p-value of

Circulation, Volume 150, Issue Suppl_1, Page A4141704-A4141704, November 12, 2024. Background:The multiple electrodes needed to generate a 12-lead electrocardiogram (12L ECG) limits its use to traditional health care settings. An innovative credit-card sized unit (HeartBeam, Santa Clara, CA, USA) when placed on the chest without cables captures a vectorcardiogram (VCG). A personalized transformation matrix (PTM) then converts the signals into a 12L ECG.Objective:This is the first quantitative (standard intervals and amplitudes) and qualitative (rhythm diagnosis) accuracy assessment of a synthesized 12L ECG (Syn 12L) compared to a simultaneously recorded standard 12L ECG (Std 12L) on patients in sinus rhythm (SR) or in a non-life-threatening arrhythmia.Methods:The 80 patients, who were enrolled at a single center (Dedinje Cardiovascular Research Institute, Belgrade, Serbia), first underwent recording of a Std 12L and VCG to create a unique PTM, which was used to create the Syn 12L from the VCG. Then a simultaneous Std 12L and VCG were recorded. The quantitative endpoint was the calculated difference (mean and standard deviation [SD]) between the Syn 12L and Std 12L in a series of intervals (RR, PQ, QJ, and QT) and amplitudes (P wave, R wave, and T wave). For the qualitative endpoint, 2 blinded electrophysiology physicians (EP) classified the Syn 12L and Std 12L arrhythmia status.Results:Of the 80 patients, 41 were in SR and 39 in another rhythm (3:SR with PACs, 5:SR with PVCs, 1:SR with pre-excitation, 16:atrial fibrillation, 3:atrial flutter, 2:atrial pacing, and 9:ventricular pacing). The interval and amplitude differences are listed in the table. Rhythm classification by the blinded EPs demonstrated a sensitivity of 94.9% (95% CI: 82.7-99.4%) and specificity of 100% (95% CI: 91.4-100%) compared to Std 12L.Conclusion:In this first study comparing the performance of a 12L ECG created from a credit card sized VCG recorder, the 12L Syn demonstrated clinically equivalent interval and amplitude accuracy and excellent agreement in arrhythmia classification when compared to a simultaneously recorded 12L Std. This approach holds significant promise, potentially permitting patients to obtain a 12L ECG outside of a health care setting with a compact, easy to use device.

Circulation, Volume 150, Issue Suppl_1, Page A4141710-A4141710, November 12, 2024. Background:Stress perfusion CMR has excellent diagnostic and prognostic values in assessing chest pain syndromes. AI-guided methods may overcome complex scanning and increase clinical adaptation of stress CMR.Aim:To assess the benefits of AI-guided stress perfusion CMR.Methods:Consecutive patients with stable chest pain underwent stress CMR using either a standard scanning method (SOC) or an AI-assist (AIA) machine learning protocol to automate scan planning, plane prescription, sequence tuning, and image reconstruction. Scan duration, the ratio of scan preparation time over the entire scan duration, and scan quality using a 5-point scale were compared between AIA and SOC. Cox regression models were constructed to associate evidence of ischemia on stress CMR, by either scanning method, with composite endpoints including cardiovascular death, non-fatal MI, unstable angina hospitalization, and late CABG. A second composite endpoint included the performance of additional cardiac imaging tests (stress imaging and CCTA) and invasive coronary procedures after CMR.Results:Among 594 patients (62.8 ± 14 years), 29% underwent stress CMR with AIA. 26% had stress-perfusion ischemia, and 39% had LGE present. AIA stress CMR had lower scan duration (median 44.0 [IQR 40-47] vs. 52.5 min [IQR 46-60]; p

Circulation, Volume 150, Issue Suppl_1, Page A4141352-A4141352, November 12, 2024. Background:Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, ischemic heart disease requiring revascularization, stroke, and heart failure, have been documented as significant contributors to mortality in cancer survivors. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) can predict MACE in non-cancer populations, while calcium in the aorta (CA) has not been evaluated as a prognostic marker. Every patient diagnosed with cancer undergoes a standard-of-care Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET-CT) or a chest CT before the initiation of chemotherapy.Hypothesis:To determine whether the CAC or CA of patients with Hodgkin’s or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, derived from standard-of-care PET-CT/chest CT, can predict the incidence of MACE.Methods:Patients treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy, diagnosed and followed from January 1, 2013, through June 30, 2023, were included. Patients who did not undergo a PET-CT or CT, and/or developed MACE before treatment initiation were excluded. Univariate and multivariate adjusted Cox regression models were employed to assess whether the presence of CAC, CA, or CAC-CA was associated with the development of MACE. Calcium was retrospectively quantified using TeraRecon software (Durham NC) and categorized as: 0, 1-99, and >100. Outcome analyses was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results:326 patients were included, mean age of 55 years (range: 52-60), predominantly male 201 (61%) and white 314 (96%), CAC was found in 89 patients and CA in 140. In the univariate regression model, a statistically significant association was found with values >100 for CA, CAC and CAC-CA with the risk of MACE. (Fig 1a/b/c). CAC equal to 0 demonstrated a significant protective effect against MACE. (Fig 1a). In the multivariable analysis, these associations persisted even after adjusting for comorbidities. (Table 1).Conclusion:CAC, CA and CAC/CA >100 in the standard-of-care CT/PET CT are predictors of MACE in lymphoma patients undergoing anthracycline treatment, a CAC equal to 0 has protective effect, these relationships remained statistically significant after adjusting for comorbidities.

Circulation, Volume 150, Issue Suppl_1, Page A4120131-A4120131, November 12, 2024. Introduction:A growing number of patients develop atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) despite the absence of standard modifiable risk factors i.e. hypertension (HTN), type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia (DSL), and cigarette smoking (SMuRF-less). There is scarcity of studies on prevalence and clinical profiles of SMuRF-less patients in the Middle Ease (ME).Aim:To study the prevalence and clinical features of ME patients with ASCVD who are SMuRF-less vs. those with ≥ 1 SMuRFs, presence of other risk factors and utilization of secondary preventive medications in the 2 groups, and one year survival.Methods:Clinical details of adult patients with ASCVD who participated in 5 previous registries were analyzed according to the absence or presence of ≥ 1 SMuRFs.Results:Of the 5002 patients included in the analysis, 676 (13.5%) were SMuRF-less and 4326 (86.5%) had ≥ 1 SMuRFs. Prevalence of the 4 SMuRFs in the whole cohort was 53.5% HTN, 47.8% T2D, 40.2% smoking, and 37.5% DSL, and the SMuRF group was 61.9%, 55.2%, 46.5%, and 43.4%, respectively. Compared with the SMuRFs group, patients in the SMuRFless group were younger (mean age 52±11.4 years vs. 56.3±11.5 years, respectively, p

Circulation, Volume 150, Issue Suppl_1, Page A4136889-A4136889, November 12, 2024. Background:In patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), recent studies have intriguingly reported that up to a quarter of AMI patients have none of the 4 main standard modifiable cardiovascular (CV) risk factors (SMuRFs) (i.e. hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), hypercholesterolemia (HC), and smoking) and have worse mortality.Hypothesis:We tested the hypothesis that the prevalence and prognosis of SMuRF-less patients varies with the definition of risk factors.Aim:Using a French nationwide MI cohort, we aimed to compare SMuRF-less ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) patients according to 2 HC definitions, given the possibility of using several HC criteria.Methods:The French Cohort of Myocardial Infarction Evaluation (FRENCHIE) is a large ongoing AMI cohort, collecting data from all patients hospitalized for AMI < 48 h of symptom onset in 21 French centers. STEMI patients without prior CAD admitted in 2019 to 2022 were studied. DM was defined as prior DM diagnosis, HbA1c >7% or anti-diabetic medications, ongoing or at discharge, HTN was defined as treated or previous HTN diagnosis and smoking was defined as current smoking within the past month. Restrictive HC (RHC) was defined as either a previous diagnosis of HC or statin therapy. Permissive HC (PHC) was defined as previous diagnosis of HC or lipid-lowering therapy, or LDL-C > 135 mg/dL or total Cholesterol > 213 mg/dL.Results:Among 8008 patients (mean age 61.5± 12.9y, 22.6% women), 41.4% were smokers, 17.4% had diabetes, and 38.5% HTN. According to HC definitions, the prevalence of HC almost doubled, ranging from 30.3% for RHC to 61.0% for PHC. Consequently, the prevalence of SMuRF-less was divided by ≈ two (21.1% vs 11.3%, respectively), depending on the definition of HC used. Age and sex-adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that PHC, but not RHC, was associated with lower odds of in-hospital death (figure). Moreover, having multiple SMuRFs was associated with higher risk of mortality than no SMuRF when using RHC, but not with PHC definition.Conclusion:The prevalence and impact on acute mortality of being SMURFless varies largely with the definition of HC. More research is needed, using HC standardized definitions to explore these patients.Frenchie:was supported in part by the RHU iVASC grant ANR-16-RHUS-00010 from the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the Investissements d’Avenir program. The FRENCHIE cohort is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04050956.

Circulation, Volume 150, Issue Suppl_1, Page A4125157-A4125157, November 12, 2024. Background:Recent evidence suggests that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2-i) may improve outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) through various physiological pathways. However, their impact on patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is not well established. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of additive SGLT2 inhibitors versus standard therapy alone in patients with CAD after PCI.Methods:A systematic search was conducted across the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies that compared the addition of SGLT2 inhibitors to standard therapy versus standard therapy alone in patients post-PCI. The outcomes analyzed were Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE), all-cause death, cardiovascular death, recurrent acute myocardial infarction (AMI), nonfatal stroke, revascularization, and hospitalization for heart failure (HF).Results:A total of 7 studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a total of 11,800 individuals (5,004 on SGLT2-i and 6,796 non-SGLT2-i; mean age of 62.7 years; 28% women; 95% diabetic patients). SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduced the risk of all-cause mortality (RR 0.6, 95% CI: 0.5-0.72, p

Circulation, Volume 150, Issue Suppl_1, Page A4147960-A4147960, November 12, 2024. Introduction:Blood pressure targets for the elderly are still controversial, there is a lack of certainty about the benefit and safety of targeting ≤ 130mmHg systolic blood pressure. Evaluate the benefit in important cardiovascular outcomes and safety in elderly patients of a blood pressure control ≤ 130mmHg compared to standard of care.Methods:The research was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Scielo, LILACS, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from January 1st, 2013 to May 1st, 2023. Randomized controlled trials that were published between January 1st, 2013 and May 1st, 2023 that included hypertensive patients over 60 years old which reported major adverse cardiovascular outcomes (MACE) or all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and safety outcomes were selected. The data extraction was performed independently by two investigators following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). A meta-analysis was performed using a fixed-effect model. The results were reported as the pooled results using risk ratio (RR) and a confidence interval (CI) of 95%.Results:The 4 trials included a number of 16,834 patients, the mean age was over 65 years, there was a good balance between genders, 13.3% of patients had cardiovascular disease, 10.9% diabetes, and 15.5% chronic kidney disease. The mean achieved blood pressure was roughly under 130mmHg, only one study was over (135mmHg) and the mean follow-up time was over 32 months. The intensive therapy decreased the outcomes for mortality (RR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.64 – 0.87, p

Circulation, Volume 150, Issue Suppl_1, Page A4146606-A4146606, November 12, 2024. Background:Intracoronary measurement of fractional flow reserve (FFR) has demonstrated higher sensitivity and better negative predicative value in evaluation of coronary artery disease than visual/angiographic only evaluation. Nonetheless, there is profound lack of evidence in the available literature that discusses the rate of complications when utilizing FFR versus standard angiography.Research Question:Does FFR carry higher or lower risk of procedural complications when compared with standard angiography?Aim:Compare the risk of complications encountered in FFR guidance in comparison to angiography only.Methods:The following databases were searched; PubMed, SCOPUS, CENTRAL, Web of Science. The following keywords were used; ((Fractional flow reserve OR FFR) AND (Adverse effect OR Complication)). The studies were included if they compared Angiography-guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) and Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR)-guided PCI in terms of mortality or Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE). Case reports and series, animal studies, reviews and non-English articles were excluded from this study. The exposure of interest was FFR-guided PCI whereas the outcomes of interest were MACE and mortality.Results:A total of 1,822 articles were identified. After removing duplicates, initial screening, and secondary screening, 15 articles were included and the total number of included patients was 421,291. The percentage of patients who underwent FFR guidance was 3.5% whereas the rest underwent angiography only. Male predominance was noted in both, FFR and angiography. The mean age of the patients who underwent FFR and angiography was 64.9 ± 9.1 and 65.2 ± 9.3 years, respectively. The model that compared between angiography only and FFR in MACE (14 studies) showed that FFR was significantly associated with lower risk of MACE compared to angiography (RR=0.62, 95%CI:0.48-0.81); this model also showed significant heterogeneity (P-value

Circulation, Volume 150, Issue Suppl_1, Page A4137708-A4137708, November 12, 2024. Introduction:Intravenous hydration and contrast media volume reduction are the most important preventive factors against CI-AKI after PCI. Multiple studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of intravenous hydration before PCI, however, varied hydration protocols have rather complicated standardization. Doctors’ preferences and local institutional factors further hinder protocol implementation, resulting in reduced compliance.Hypothesis:Standardizing hydration protocol increases the compliance rate of preprocedural hydration orders and administration, reducing the incidence of CI-AKI.Methods:A team at Memorial Hermann The Woodlands Medical Center, comprising a cardiovascular nurse coordinator, catheterization laboratory director, pharmacist, information technologist, and hospital administrators, was formed to improve PCI outcomes through a multi-faceted approach. This involved a standardized hydration protocol with direct education, continuous monitoring, and repeated internal feedback, reviewed monthly. The new protocol included normal saline pre- and post-procedure maintenance fluids, with a 250 ml normal saline bolus pre-operatively. Maintenance fluids were set at 75 ml/hr, and 20 ml/hr for patients with congestive heart failure and an ejection fraction ≤ 40%. The team reviewed 233 patients under the old protocol and 281 under the new protocol. Compliance rates of pre-procedural intravenous hydration were compared and CI-AKI incidence, defined as a >50% increase or a 0.3 mg/dL increase in creatinine levels within 5 days post-procedure, was assessed. Chi square tests and t-tests were used to compare cohorts on 12 parameters and CI-AKI incidence assessment, with a p-value of 0.05.Results:Compliance with pre-procedural hydration significantly increased under the new protocol (86.1% vs 55.4%, p

Circulation, Volume 150, Issue Suppl_1, Page A4138167-A4138167, November 12, 2024. Background:Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has high morbidity and mortality. Traditional craniotomy causes significant trauma and lacks proven benefits. Minimally invasive techniques (MIT) like CT-guided thrombolysis, endoscopic, and neuronavigation surgeries show promise in reducing secondary neurotoxicity. Our meta-analysis compares MIT with standard treatments for supratentorial spontaneous intracerebral hematomas (SSICHs) to evaluate their effectiveness in improving clinical outcomes.Methods:We comprehensively searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for studies published before June 1, 2024, comparing MIT versus standard treatment for ICH. Data were analyzed using R (v.4.3). Pooled proportions with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. Odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs were used for dichotomous and continuous variables. Outcomes included overall survival, functional neurological outcome, hospitalization length, recurrent bleeding, volume reduction, and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at discharge.Results:We identified six studies, including 1,117 patients. There were 463 patients who underwent MIT and 654 patients who received standard treatment. The MIT group exhibited statistically significant increased odds of survival (OR: 1.98 [1.25, 3.15]; I2=26%; p=0.004) and functional neurological outcome (OR: 1.94 [1.27, 2.96]; I2=25%; p=0.002) compared to the standard treatment group. The MIT group demonstrated statistically significant lower length of hospitalization (MD: -2.89 [-4.49, -1.30]; I2=47%; p=0.0004) and better GCS score at discharge (MD: 1.50 [1.00, 2.00]; I2=0%; p