Risultati per: Carcinoma basocellulare

To the Editor Active surveillance (AS) for low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has been a focus of research and debate. Recently in JAMA Oncology, Ho and colleagues reported the result of patients with 20-mm or smaller thyroid nodules who chose either AS or immediate surgery. This nonrandomized controlled trial provided new evidence for the management of low-risk PTC. Here, we raise concerns about the study’s design and interpretation of the results.

Objectives
To compare the prognostic values of three lymph node staging systems in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), including the number of positive lymph nodes (NPLN), lymph node ratio (LNR) and log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS).

Design
A retrospective cohort study using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database.

Setting and participants
1904 patients with pathological N1 RCC, diagnosed from 2004 to 2015 and underwent nephrectomy combined with lymph node dissection, were identified from the SEER database.

Primary outcome measure
The primary outcome of this study was overall survival (OS). Restricted cubic spline functions and multivariable Cox regression analyses were employed to characterise the associations of OS with NPLN, LNR and LODDS, respectively.

Results
Data of 1904 eligible RCC patients were extracted from the SEER database. The mortality risks of RCC patients increased with the increasing of NPLN, LNR and LODDS. NPLN (NPLN3 vs NPLN1, HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.43, p=0.001), LNR (LNR3 vs LNR1, HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.67, p

Gastric cancer (GC) is a major cancer type characterized by high heterogeneity in both tumor cells and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). One intractable GC subtype is gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma (GSRCC), which is associated with poor prognosis. However, it remains unclear what the GSRCC TIME characteristics are and how these characteristics may contribute to clinical outcomes.

Despite recent progress, long-term survival remains low for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The most effective HCC therapies target the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), and there are almost no therapies that directly target tumor cells. Here, we investigated the regulation and function of tumor cell-expressed YAP and TAZ in HCC.

The therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is poor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and varies greatly among individuals. Schlafen (SLFN) family members have important functions in immunity and oncology, but their roles in cancer immunobiology remain unclear. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of the SLFN family in immune responses against HCC.

Objectives
The present study aimed to develop and validate nomograms to predict the survival of patients with breast invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) to aid objective decision-making.

Design
Prognostic factors were identified using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses and used to construct nomograms to predict overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) at 3 and 5 years. Kaplan-Meier analysis, calibration curves, the area under the curve (AUC) and the concordance index (C-index) evaluated the nomograms’ performance. Decision curve analysis (DCA), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and net reclassification improvement (NRI) were used to compare the nomograms with the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system.

Setting
Patient data were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. This database holds data related to the incidence of cancer acquired from 18 population-based cancer registries in the US.

Participants
We ruled out 1893 patients and allowed the incorporation of 1340 patients into the present study.

Results
The C-index of the AJCC8 stage was lower than that of the OS nomogram (0.670 vs 0.766) and the OS nomograms had higher AUCs than the AJCC8 stage (3 years: 0.839 vs 0.735, 5 years: 0.787 vs 0.658). On calibration plots, the predicted and actual outcomes agreed well, and DCA revealed that the nomograms had better clinical utility compared with the conventional prognosis tool. In the training cohort, the NRI for OS was 0.227, and for BCSS was 0.182, while the IDI for OS was 0.070, and for BCSS was 0.078 (both p

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading cancers worldwide. Classically, HCC develops in genetically susceptible individuals who are exposed to risk factors especially in the presence of liver cirrhosis. Significant temporal and geographical variations exist for HCC and its etiologies. Over time, the burden of HCC has shifted from the low-moderate to the high sociodemographic index regions, reflecting the transition from viral to non-viral causes. Geographically, the hepatitis viruses predominate as HCC causes in Asia and Africa.

This systematic review and meta-analysis of 129 studies evaluates the predictors and treatment outcomes for primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma among a total of 137 449 patients.

This meta-analysis examines whether immunotherapy confers a survival benefit for patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and low expression of PD-L1.

In Reply We agree with Ms Hu and Dr Kao that the current NCCN guidelines recommend definitive radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy for NPC with stage II and T3N0 disease, and in this subset, induction or adjuvant chemotherapy only for patients with high-risk features including bulky tumor volume or high serum EBV DNA copy number. Our study excluded patients who had NPC with high-risk features, so all patients with low-risk NPC were not treated with induction or adjuvant chemotherapy. Although triweekly delivery of cisplatin has been the standard regimen for concurrent chemotherapy, a phase 2 clinical trial comparing weekly and triweekly cisplatin during radiotherapy reported that the therapeutic effect and acute reactions of triweekly regimen were similar to that of the weekly regimen. However, other studies have reported significantly greater hematological toxicity but lower gastrointestinal reactions with a weekly cisplatin regimen.

To the Editor We have several comments about the recent study that found that intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) alone was not inferior for 3-year failure-free survival compared with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with low-risk nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).