Risultati per: Colite ulcerosa negli adulti: review

Introduction
Health agencies and community organisations play a crucial role in disseminating information to the public about COVID-19 risks and events, providing instructions on how to change behaviour to mitigate those risks, motivating compliance with health directives and addressing false information. Social media platforms are a critical tool in risk communication, providing a medium for rapid transmission of messages as well as providing the opportunity for engagement and immediate feedback. Access to health information, services and support are especially important for marginalised and underserved (‘equity-deserving’) populations who are disproportionately affected by COVID-19. This scoping review aims to review the breadth and depth of the academic and grey literature on equity-informed social media risk communication tools to provide guidance on promising practices and principles for reaching equity-deserving populations through social media.

Methods and analysis
Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) framework guided the identification of the research question; identification and selection of relevant studies from electronic databases and hand-searches of discipline-specific journals; extraction and charting of the data; and collating and reporting of findings. The results of the screening process will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis-Scoping Review guidelines.

Findings
We will identify reported facilitators and barriers to the development of risk communications that target equity-deserving communities. We will also identify recommendations for equity-informed risk communication for COVID-19.

Ethics and dissemination
This study does not require ethics approval. We intend to disseminate the results through publication in an open-access peer-reviewed journal, conference presentations, lay summaries (eg, checklists) for health organisations and messages to be shared through social media.

Introduction
Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) has a marked short-term advantage over open surgical repair in managing abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA); however, this benefit is lost in the long term. The current trend towards stratified medicine has given rise to diverse prognostic prediction models and scoring systems for EVAR. These models could act as decision support tools that employ patient and operative factors, to improve long-term outcomes. Past literature evaluated and compared model performance for predicting one outcome, for example, mortality. None were deemed competent for clinical application. The proposed study will use a scoping review approach to capture literature on prognostic modelling in EVAR for all predictable outcomes. The results are anticipated to inform future research, identify knowledge gaps, and assist in determining the potential of models for clinical use.

Methods and analysis
The proposed study will use the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping Reviews as a framework for conducting the review. PubMed Central, Embase and Cochrane Library will be searched and screened for peer-reviewed studies on prognostic modelling for EVAR, published between 2000 and 2022. No limits exist on predictor variables used and outcomes predicted by the model for inclusion, provided they apply to AAA patients managed with EVAR. Data will be abstracted using a charting form based on the Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies guidelines and PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. The Prediction model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool and the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis checklist will be used to critically appraise included studies.

Ethics and dissemination
Since scoping reviews cover secondary data from published literature, ethical approval is not required. The findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and presentations at key conferences.

Introduction
Participants in randomised controlled trials (trials) are generally younger and healthier than many individuals encountered in clinical practice. Consequently, the applicability of trial findings is often uncertain. To address this, results from trials can be calibrated to more representative data sources. In a network meta-analysis, using a novel approach which allows the inclusion of trials whether or not individual-level participant data (IPD) is available, we will calibrate trials for three drug classes (sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) receptor analogues and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors) to the Scottish diabetes register.

Methods and analysis
Medline and EMBASE databases, the US clinical trials registry (clinicaltrials.gov) and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (chictr.org.cn) will be searched from 1 January 2002. Two independent reviewers will apply eligibility criteria to identify trials for inclusion. Included trials will be phase 3 or 4 trials of SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP1 receptor analogues or DPP4 inhibitors, with placebo or active comparators, in participants with type 2 diabetes, with at least one of glycaemic control, change in body weight or major adverse cardiovascular event as outcomes. Unregistered trials will be excluded.
We have identified a target population from the population-based Scottish diabetes register. The chosen cohort comprises people in Scotland with type 2 diabetes who either (1) require further treatment due to poor glycaemic control where any of the three drug classes may be suitable, or (2) who have adequate glycaemic control but are already on one of the three drug classes of interest or insulin.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval for IPD use was obtained from the University of Glasgow MVLS College Ethics Committee (Project: 200160070). The Scottish diabetes register has approval from the Scottish A Research Ethics Committee (11/AL/0225) and operates with Public Benefit and Privacy Panel for Health and Social Care approval (1617-0147).

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42020184174.

Introduction
The transition from paediatric to adult diabetes care in youth-onset diabetes (type 1 diabetes mellitus, Y-T1DM and type 2 diabetes mellitus, Y-T2DM) is associated with worsening glycaemic control, missed clinical visits, decreased medication adherence and the emergence of cardiometabolic complications. The socio-ecological challenges that influence transitioning to adult diabetes care may be distinct between Y-T1DM and Y-T2DM. The goal of this scoping review is to map the state of the literature on transitioning care in Y-T2DM compared with Y-T1DM and to identify the main sources and types of evidence available. The objectives are : (1) to identify the factors within the socio-ecological framework (individual, relationship, community, societal) associated with transitioning to adult care in Y-T2DM compared with Y- T1DM, and (2) to identify knowledge gaps related to transitioning to adult care.

Methods
The scoping review protocol and reporting will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for scoping reviews guidelines. A systematic search of scientific databases (PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, Scopus and APA PsycNet will be undertaken for articles between 1 January 1990 and 30 September 2022. Study designs will include peer-reviewed experimental and quasi-experimental published studies without language or country-specific restrictions. We will exclude articles on other diabetes subtypes and will exclude non-peer reviewed articles such as opinion papers, anecdotal reports or supplementary commentaries.

Analysis
References will be collated, sorted and extracted using Covidence. Factors associated with transition from paediatric to adult diabetes care in Y-T1DM and Y-T2DM will be identified using the socio-ecological framework and results will be presented in narrative format, tables, and summary graphs.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval will not be applicable for this review.

Trial registration number
https://osf.io/k2pwc.

Objectives
This scoping review aimed to systematically search, retrieve and map the extent and characteristics of available literature on the evidenced disruptions to medical abortion (MA) medicine procurement caused by the COVID-19 outbreak.

Design
Scoping review using Arksey and O’Malley’s methodology and Levac et al’s methodological enhancement with adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews.

Data sources
PubMed, Embase, PMC, Science Direct, the Cochrane Library and Google Scholar were searched from January 2020 to April 2022.

Eligibility criteria
We included articles in English that: (1) contained information on MA medicines; (2) included descriptions of procurement disruptions, including those with examples, characteristics and/or statistics; (3) documented events during the COVID-19 pandemic; and (4) presented primary data.

Data extraction and synthesis
Two reviewers independently screened search results, performed a full-text review of preliminarily included articles and completed data extraction in a standard Excel spreadsheet. Extracted data from was compared for validation and synthesised qualitatively.

Results
The two articles included are unpublished grey literature demonstrating evidence of short-lived disruptions in sexual and reproductive health commodity procurement, including MA medicines, in sub-Saharan Africa during the early months of the pandemic. Findings from the two included grey literature articles show that in sub-Saharan contexts, emergency preparedness, stockpiling, adaptations and flexibility of key actors, including donors, alleviated COVID-19 disruptions allowing for resumption of services within weeks.

Conclusion
There is a need for increased empirical evidence of MA procurement challenges to understand which barriers to MA procurement may persist and impact continuity of supply while others can fuel resilience and preparedness efforts at the country and subregional levels. The lack of evidence from social marketing organisations and their networks is a significant gap as these actors constitute a vital artery in the distribution of MA commodities in low-income and middle-income countries.

Objective
To identify strategies and interventions used to improve interprofessional collaboration and integration (IPCI) in primary care.

Design
Scoping review

Data sources
Specific Medical Subject Headings terms were used, and a search strategy was developed for PubMed and afterwards adapted to Medline, Eric and Web of Science.

Study selection
In the first stage of the selection, two researchers screened the article abstracts to select eligible papers. When decisions conflicted, three other researchers joined the decision-making process. The same strategy was used with full-text screening. Articles were included if they: (1) were in English, (2) described an intervention to improve IPCI in primary care involving at least two different healthcare disciplines, (3) originated from a high-income country, (4) were peer-reviewed and (5) were published between 2001 and 2020.

Data extraction and synthesis
From each paper, eligible data were extracted, and the selected papers were analysed inductively. Studying the main focus of the papers, researchers searched for common patterns in answering the research question and exposing research gaps. The identified themes were discussed and adjusted until a consensus was reached among all authors.

Results
The literature search yielded a total of 1816 papers. After removing duplicates, screening titles and abstracts, and performing full-text readings, 34 papers were incorporated in this scoping review. The identified strategies and interventions were inductively categorised under five main themes: (1) Acceptance and team readiness towards collaboration, (2) acting as a team and not as an individual; (3) communication strategies and shared decision making, (4) coordination in primary care and (5) integration of caregivers and their skills and competences.

Conclusions
We identified a mix of strategies and interventions that can function as ‘building blocks’, for the development of a generic intervention to improve collaboration in different types of primary care settings and organisations.

Introduction
Depression is a common mental disorder and is a major cause of years lived with disability. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an increase in the prevalence of depression worldwide. Our aim is to identify and synthesise the determinants of depression, the diagnostic assessment tools used to evaluate depression, and the interventions carried out since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in the population aged 60 and older.

Methods and analysis
A systematic review of the literature will be conducted. The following databases will be searched: CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MedicLatina, MEDLINE with Full Text, and Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection. The search strategy will include the following Medical Subject Headings or similar terms: “Depression”, “Depressive Disorder”, “Depressive Symptoms”, “Older Adults”, “Aging”, “Elderly”, Pandemic” and “COVID-19”. Two independent reviewers will ascertain whether the resulting articles meet inclusion and exclusion criteria, and perform the analysis of data quality. Disagreements will be resolved by a third reviewer. All studies reported between December 2019 and March 2022 meeting the following criteria will be included: studies in adults aged 60 and over, and articles written in English, Portuguese, Spanish or German. Information on determinants of depression, assessment instruments used to assess depressive symptoms and/or interventions to decrease depression are reported. Studies will not be excluded based on geographical area study context (eg, community, culture or specific environment). All studies related to diagnostic assessment, care planning and/or intervention strategies specifically for older adults with depression will be included.

Ethics and dissemination
As only secondary data will be analysed, no ethical approval is required for this study. This scientific article is a systematic review protocol for which data have not yet been extracted or analysed. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42022299775.

Introduction
With its proven effectiveness, indoor residual spraying (IRS) as a malaria vector control strategy forms one of the reliable vector control strategies, especially when at least 80% of the population is covered. However, to date, there is uncertainty regarding the consequences of IRS withdrawal on malaria control when there is no clear exit strategy in place. Therefore, there is a need to comprehensively update literature regarding malaria burden indicators when IRS is withdrawn following sustained use.

Methods and analysis
This protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A systematic search of studies published between 2000 and 2022 will be performed in CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PsychInfo, Scopus and OpenGrey. Preset eligibility criteria will be used to identify studies for inclusion by two independent reviewers. Title/abstracts will first be screened and potentially eligible ones screened using their full-text publications. Any conflicts/discrepancies at the two stages will be resolved through regular discussion sessions. Included studies will be extracted to capture study and patient characteristics and relevant outcomes (malaria incidence and malaria vector abundance). Relevant tools will be used to assess the risk of bias in the studies measuring the impact of withdrawal. A meta-analysis will be performed if sufficient homogeneity exists; otherwise, data arising will be presented using tables and by employing narrative synthesis techniques. Heterogeneity will be assessed using a combination of visual inspection of the forest plot along with consideration of the 2 test and I2 statistic results.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethics approval is not applicable for this study since no original data will be collected. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. Furthermore, this systematic review will inform the design of exit strategies for IRS-based programmes in malaria-endemic areas.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42022310655.

Objectives
Female physicians in medicine are increasing, but disparities in female authorship exist. The aim of this study was to characterise factors associated with female first (FF) and female senior (SF) authorship in later phase systemic oncological clinical trials in biliary tract cancer (BTC) and identify any changes over time.

Setting
Embase/Medline identified trial publications in BTC (2000–2020) were included. 2 tests and log regression were used (assessed factors associated with FF and SF authorship, including changes over time (STATA V.16)).

Primary outcome measure
FF and SF authorship in later phase systemic oncological clinical trials in BTC.

Secondary outcome measure
Any changes over time?

Results
Of 501 publications, 163 met inclusion criteria. The median percentage of female author representation in publications was 25%; there were no female authors in 13% of publications. Geographic location of the home institution of the first and senior authors was Asia (42%/42%), Europe (29%/29%), USA (24%/22%) and other (4%/6%), respectively. Overall, FF and SF author representation was 20% and 10%, respectively. The median position of the first female author was second in all the publication author lists. The phase of trial, journal-impact factor, industry funding or whether the study met its primary endpoint did not impact FF/SF author representation. More SF authors had home institutions in ‘other’ geographic locations (40% in 10 trials) (p=0.02) versus Asia (6%), Europe (8%) and USA (14%). There were no significant changes in FF/SF representation over time (p=0.61 and p=0.33 respectively).

Conclusions
FF and SF author representation in later phase systemic clinical trial publications in BTC is low and has not changed significantly over time. The underlying reasons for this imbalance need to be better understood and addressed.

Objective
The strict implementation of occupational health and safety policy curbs exposure to occupational hazards. However, empirical evidence is lacking in the Ghanaian context. This review primarily aimed to explore exposure to occupational hazards among healthcare providers and ancillary staff in Ghana.

Design
A scoping review was conducted based on Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework and Levac et al’s methodological enhancement.

Data sources
Searches were conducted of the PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO and Scopus databases, as well as Google Scholar and websites of tertiary institutions in Ghana, for publications from 1 January 2010 to 30 November 2021.

Eligibility criteria
Quantitative studies that were published in the English language and focused on occupational exposure to biological and/or non-biological hazards among healthcare professionals in Ghana were included.

Data extraction and synthesis
Two independent reviewers extracted the data based on the type of occupational exposure and descriptive characteristics of the studies. The data are presented in tables and graphs. A narrative summary of review findings was prepared based on the review research questions.

Results
Our systematic search strategy retrieved 507 publications; however, only 43 met the inclusion criteria. A little over one-quarter were unpublished theses/dissertations. The included studies were related to biological, psychosocial, ergonomic and other non-biological hazards. 55.8% of the studies were related to exposure to biological hazards and related preventive measures. In general, health workers were reported to use and comply with control and preventive measures; however, knowledge of control and preventive measures was suboptimal.

Conclusion
Work is needed to address the issue of occupational health hazard exposure in Ghana’s health system. More research is needed to understand the extent of these exposures and their effects on the health system.

Introduction
Generic multiattribute utility instruments (MAUIs) are efficient tools for determining and enumerating health-related quality of life. MAUIs accomplish this by generating health state utilities (HSUs) via algorithms. Minimal important differences (MIDs) assist with the interpretation of HSUs by estimating minimum changes that are clinically significant. The overall goal of the proposed systematic review and meta-analysis is the development of comprehensive guidelines for MID estimation.

Methods and analysis
This protocol defines a systematic review and meta-analysis of MIDs for generic MAUIs. The proposed research will involve a comprehensive investigation of 10 databases (EconLit, IDEAs database, INAHTA database, Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, Emcare, JBIEBP and CINAHL) from 1 June 2022 to 7 June 2022, and will be performed and reported in accordance with several validated guidelines, principally the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The quality of papers, considered for inclusion in the review, will be appraised using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments, inter alia.
Narrative analysis will involve identifying the characteristics of MIDs including methods of calculation, sources of heterogeneity, and validation. Meta-analysis will also be conducted. The descriptive element of meta-analysis will involve the generation of I2 statistics and Galbraith plots of MID heterogeneity. Together with narrative analysis, this will allow sources of MID heterogeniety to be identified. A multilevel mixed model, estimated via restricted maximum likelihood estimation, will be constructed for the purposes of meta-regression. Meta-regression will attempt to enumerate the effects of sources of heterogeneity on MID estimates. Meta-analysis will be concluded with pooling of MIDs via a linear random-effects model.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethics approval is not required for this review, as it will aggregate data from published literature. Methods of dissemination will include publication in a peer-reviewed journal, as well as presentation at conferences and seminars.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42021261821.

Objective
To estimate the incidence of acute mesenteric ischaemia (AMI), proportions of its different forms and short-term and long-term mortality.

Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources
MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library were searched until 26 July 2022.

Eligibility criteria
Studies reporting data on the incidence and outcomes of AMI in adult populations.

Data extraction and synthesis
Data extraction and quality assessment with modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale were performed using predeveloped standard forms. The outcomes were the incidence of AMI and its different forms in the general population and in patients admitted to hospital, and the mortality of AMI in its different forms.

Results
From 3064 records, 335 full texts were reviewed and 163 included in the quantitative analysis. The mean incidence of AMI was 6.2 (95% CI 1.9 to 12.9) per 100 000 person years. On average 5.0 (95% CI 3.3 to 7.1) of 10 000 hospital admissions were due to AMI. Occlusive arterial AMI was the most common form constituting 68.6% (95% CI 63.7 to 73.2) of all AMI cases, with similar proportions of embolism and thrombosis.
Overall short-term mortality (in-hospital or within 30 days) of AMI was 59.6% (95% CI 55.5 to 63.6), being 68.7% (95% CI 60.8 to 74.9) in patients treated before the year 2000 and 55.0% (95% CI 45.5 to 64.1) in patients treated from 2000 onwards (p

This Review summarizes the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hypercalcemia.

Stroke, Ahead of Print. BACKGROUND:BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) is a biomarker of neuroplasticity linked with better functional outcomes after stroke. Early evidence suggests that increased concentrations after exercise may be possible for people with stroke, however it is unclear how exercise parameters influence BDNF concentration.METHODS:This systematic review and meta-analysis searched 7 electronic databases. Experimental or observational studies measuring changes in BDNF concentration after exercise in people poststroke were included. Data were extracted including characteristics of the study, participants, interventions, and outcomes. Several fixed and random effects meta-analyses were completed.RESULTS:Seventeen studies including a total of 687 participants met the eligibility criteria (6 randomized trials). Significant improvements were observed in BDNF concentration following a single session (mean difference, 2.49 ng/mL; [95% CI, 1.10–3.88]) and program of high intensity aerobic exercise (mean difference, 3.42 ng/mL; [95% CI, 1.92–4.92]).CONCLUSIONS:High intensity aerobic exercise can increase circulating BDNF concentrations, which may contribute to increased neuroplasticity.REGISTRATION:URL:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/; Unique identifier: CRD42021251083.

Objectives
To investigate whether adding lactate to the quick Sequential (sepsis-related) Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) improves the prediction of mortality in adult hospital patients, compared with qSOFA alone.

Design
Systematic review in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies guidelines.

Data sources
Embase, Medline, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, CINAHL and Open Grey databases were searched in November 2020.

Eligibility criteria
Original research studies published after 2016 comparing qSOFA in combination with lactate (LqSOFA) with qSOFA alone in adult patients with sepsis in hospital. The language was restricted to English.

Data extraction and synthesis
Title and abstract screening, full-text screening, data extraction and quality assessment (using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2) were conducted independently by two reviewers. Extracted data were collected into tables and diagnostic test accuracy was compared between the two tests.

Results
We identified 1621 studies, of which 11 met our inclusion criteria. Overall, there was a low risk of bias across all studies. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve for qSOFA was improved by the addition of lactate in 9 of the 10 studies reporting it. Sensitivity was increased in three of seven studies that reported it. Specificity was increased in four of seven studies that reported it. Of the six studies set exclusively within the emergency department, five published AUROCs, all of which reported an increase following the addition of lactate. Sensitivity and specificity results varied throughout the included studies. Due to insufficient data and heterogeneity of studies, a meta-analysis was not performed.

Conclusions
LqSOFA is an effective tool for identifying mortality risk both in adult inpatients with sepsis and those in the emergency department. LqSOFA increases AUROC over qSOFA alone, particularly within the emergency department. However, further original research is required to provide a stronger base of evidence in lactate measurement timing, as well as prospective trials to strengthen evidence and reduce bias.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42020207648.