Search Results for: Review: cancro dell’endometrio

This narrative review examines the rapidity of development and introduction of a broad array of novel options for the treatment of patients with resectable early-stage non–small cell lung cancer.

Introduction
Optimal nurse-to-patient assignment plays a crucial role in healthcare delivery, with direct implications for patient outcomes and the workloads of nursing staff. However, this process is highly intricate, involving a multitude of factors that must be carefully considered. The application of a clinical decision support system (CDSS) to support nursing decision-making can have a positive impact not only on patient outcomes but also on nursing efficiency. This scoping review aims to explore the implementation of CDSS in the decision process of optimal nurse-patient assignment (NPA).

Methods and analysis
This scoping review will follow a stage of the Arksey and O’Malley framework. It will also be based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews’ (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The research primarily aims to identify studies’ findings on applying CDSSs in the NPA process. Hence, academic and grey literature articles from six international bibliographic databases (ie, MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE via Ovid, CINAHL via EBSCOhost, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global) will be considered, where search strategies will be tailored to each database. The literature search will be conducted in February 2024, and the identified studies will be independently screened by two primary reviewers. After extracting data, the qualitative data will be analysed thematically, and the quantitative data will be subjected to descriptive statistics. The research is scheduled to conclude in December 2024.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval is not required as primary data will not be collected in this study. The findings of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.

Objectives
This study aimed to systematically elucidate the prognostic significance of cyclin-dependent kinase subunit 2 (CKS2) expression in various cancers and its correlation with their clinicopathological characteristics.

Design
In this meta-analysis and bioinformatic analysis, articles were identified through searches of multiple databases and meta-analysed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were examined using UCSC Xena tools to further confirm the prognostic effect of CKS2.

Data sources
The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles published from their inception to 1 January 2023, using a combination of subject terms and free words, including ‘CKS2’, ‘cancer’, ‘tumor’, ‘neoplasm’, ‘carcinoma’, ‘malignancy’ and ‘prognosis’.

Eligibility criteria
The analysis included cohort or case–control studies, reported in English, with malignancy diagnoses confirmed by pathological methods, available HRs and 95% CIs for overall survival (OS) or extractable Kaplan-Meier curves, and a sample size of ≥20 patients. Reviews, commentaries, letters, conference reports, case reports, in vitro and animal studies, studies of CKS2 gene variants, studies with sample cases from public databases and studies with unavailable survival or duplicated data were excluded.

Data extraction and synthesis
Two researchers independently screened the articles, extracted the data and evaluated the quality of included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis and bioinformatic analyses were performed using the STATA and R software, respectively.

Results
The analysis included 13 retrospective studies encompassing 1348 cases across 10 cancer types. Nine studies involving 1124 patients examined the correlation between CKS2 expression levels and OS. A fixed-effects model analysis revealed a significant association between high CKS2 expression and reduced OS (HR=2.27, 95% CI=1.87 to 2.77, p

Introduction
As cancer incidence continues to rise, challenges remain in how to communicate accurate, timely information to people with cancer, their families and healthcare professionals. One option is to provide support and comprehensive, tailored information via a telephone cancer information and support service (CISS). This systematic review aims to summarise the service characteristics of telephone CISS and identify what aspects of services are important from callers’ perspectives.

Methods and analysis
A comprehensive literature search will be conducted for articles published from database inception to 30 March 2023 (OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and SocINDEX). Published, peer-reviewed, articles reporting qualitative research on the service characteristics of telephone CISS important to callers in any language will be included. One researcher will complete the searches, two researchers will independently screen results for eligible studies and a third researcher will resolve any disagreement. A narrative and thematic synthesis of studies will be provided. Study characteristics will be independently extracted by one researcher and checked by a second. Included studies’ methodological quality will be evaluated independently by two researchers using the 2022 Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Studies Checklist. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research tool will assess the confidence of the review findings.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethics approval is not required for this research as it is a planned systematic review of published literature. Findings will be presented at leading cancer, health economic and supportive care conferences, published in a peer-reviewed journal, and disseminated via websites and social media.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42023413897.

Introduction
The implementation of digital health technologies (DHTs) in hospitals worldwide has been uneven since the COVID-19 pandemic. Ambiguity in defining the landscape of DHTs adds to the complexity of this process. To address these challenges, this scoping review aims to identify the facilitators and barriers of implementing DHTs in hospitals in lower-income and middle-income countries (LMIC) since COVID-19, describe the DHTs that have been adopted in hospital settings in LMIC during this period, and develop a comprehensive classification framework to define the landscape of DHTs implemented in LMIC.

Methods and analysis
We will conduct a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and grey literature. Descriptive statistics will be used to report the characteristics of included studies. The facilitators and barriers to DHTs implementation, gathered from both quantitative and qualitative data, will be synthesised using a parallel-results convergent synthesis design. A thematic analysis, employing an inductive approach, will be conducted to categorise these facilitators and barriers into coherent themes. Additionally, we will identify and categorise all available DHTs based on their equipment types and methods of operation to develop an innovative classification framework.

Ethics and dissemination
Formal ethical approval is not required, as primary data collection is not involved in this study. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and meetings with key stakeholders and partners in the field of digital health.

Objectives
The objective of the current study is to compare the treatment effects of different vitamins on essential hypertension to provide an initial basis for developing evidence-based practices.

Design
Systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Data sources
Five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched from their inception to 25 September 2023.

Outcomes
The primary outcomes were the difference between the intervention group and the control group in changes in office systolic blood pressure (SBP) and office diastolic blood pressure (DBP) from baseline. The secondary outcomes were the difference between the intervention group and the control group in changes in 24-hour mean ambulatory systolic blood pressure (24 hours SBP), 24-hour mean ambulatory diastolic blood pressure (24 hours DBP) and heart rate (HR) from baseline.

Results
A total of 23 studies comparing five vitamins (vitamin B2, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, folic acid) and involving 2218 participants were included. The included trials were all vitamin versus placebo, so the network was star-shaped. Among the five vitamins, only vitamin E was significantly more effective at reducing SBP (mean difference: –14.14 mm Hg, 95% credible intervals: –27.62 to –0.88) than placebo. In addition, no evidence was found that any of the five vitamins influenced DBP, 24 hours SBP, 24 hours DBP, or HR. The dose of vitamins, geographical region and percentage of males (only SBP) might be sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity and subgroup analysis revealed that the effect of vitamin intervention on blood pressure varies according to different doses of vitamins.

Conclusions
According to the results, vitamin E might be an effective measure to reduce SBP, but more research is needed to validate this finding.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42022352332.

Introduction
The Package of Essential Noncommunicable Disease Interventions—Plus (PEN-Plus) is a strategy decentralising care for severe non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including type 1 diabetes, rheumatic heart disease and sickle cell disease, to increase access to care. In the PEN-Plus model, mid-level clinicians in intermediary facilities in low and lower middle income countries are trained to provide integrated care for conditions where services traditionally were only available at tertiary referral facilities. For the upcoming phase of activities, 18 first-level hospitals in 9 countries and 1 state in India were selected for PEN-Plus expansion and will treat a variety of severe NCDs. Over 3 years, the countries and state are expected to: (1) establish PEN-Plus clinics in one or two district hospitals, (2) support these clinics to mature into training sites in preparation for national or state-level scale-up, and (3) work with the national or state-level stakeholders to describe, measure and advocate for PEN-Plus to support development of a national operational plan for scale-up.

Methods and analysis
Guided by Proctor outcomes for implementation research, we are conducting a mixed-method evaluation consisting of 10 components to understand outcomes in clinical implementation, training and policy development. Data will be collected through a mix of quantitative surveys, routine reporting, routine clinical data and qualitative interviews.

Ethics and dissemination
This protocol has been considered exempt or covered by central and local institutional review boards. Findings will be disseminated throughout the project’s course, including through quarterly M&E discussions, semiannual formative assessments, dashboard mapping of progress, quarterly newsletters, regular feedback loops with national stakeholders and publication in peer-reviewed journals.

Introduction
Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of vision impairment globally. Vision loss from diabetic retinopathy can generally be prevented by early detection and timely treatment. The WHO included a measure of service access for diabetic retinopathy as a core indicator in the Eye Care Indicator Menu launched in 2022: retina screening coverage for people with diabetes. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive global and regional summary of the available information on retina screening coverage for people with diabetes.

Methods and analysis
A search will be conducted in five databases without language restrictions for studies from any country reporting retina screening coverage for adults with any type of diabetes at the national or subnational level using data collected since 1 January 2000 until the search date. We will also seek reports and coverage statistics from government websites of all WHO member states. Two investigators will independently screen studies, extract relevant data and assess risk of bias of included studies. The results of the review will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guideline. We will summarise the range of coverage definitions reported across included studies and present the median retina screening coverage in WHO regions and by World Bank country income level. Depending on the availability of data, we will conduct meta-analysis to assess disparities in retina screening coverage for people with diabetes by factors in the PROGRESS framework (Place of residence, Race/ethnicity/culture/language, Occupation, Gender/sex, Religion, Education, Socioeconomic status and Social capital).

Ethics and dissemination
This review will only include published data thus no ethical approval will be sought. The findings of this review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences.

Protocol registration number
OSF registration 17/10/2023: https://osf.io/k5p69.

Introduction
Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the most common systemic manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that has detrimental effects on quality of life (QoL) and disease outcomes. Iron deficiency (ID), with or without anaemia, poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in patients with IBD due to the multifactorial nature of ID(A) and its frequent recurrence. Elevated hepcidin—a systemic iron regulator that modulates systemic iron availability and intestinal iron absorption—has been associated with oral iron malabsorption in IBD. Therefore, hepcidin could assist in therapeutic decision-making. In this study, we investigate whether hepcidin can predict response to oral and intravenous iron supplementation in patients with active IBD undergoing anti-inflammatory treatment.

Methods and analysis
PRIme is an exploratory, multicentre, open-label and randomised trial. All adult patients with active IBD and ID(A) will be assessed for eligibility. The participants (n=90) will be recruited at five academic hospitals within the Netherlands and randomised into three groups (1:1:1): oral ferrous fumarate, oral ferric maltol or intravenous iron. Clinical and biochemical data will be collected at the baseline and after 6, 14 and 24 weeks. Blood samples will be collected to measure hepcidin and other biomarkers related to iron status. In addition, patient-reported outcomes regarding QoL and disease burden will be evaluated. The primary outcome is the utility of hepcidin as a predictive biomarker for response to iron therapy, which will be assessed using receiver operating curve analysis.

Ethics and dissemination
The study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board at the Leiden University Medical Center (IRB No. P21.109) and other study sites. All participants will provide written informed consent to enrol in the study. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated at scientific conferences; the dataset will be available on reasonable request.

Trial registration
Prospectively registered in the https://clinicaltrials.gov/ and the Eudra registries. First submitted on 10 May 2022 to the ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT05456932) and on 3 March 2022 to the European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials Database (ID: 2022-000894-16).

Introduction
In recent years, information technology and social media have experienced unprecedented growth, particularly in the Nordic countries. However, there is a noticeable lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the latest research findings on online health information seeking behaviour (OHISB) among young adults (18 to >30). There is a need to conduct an updated review to identify knowledge gaps in where young adults find health information and their user interface preferences and to provide research-based guidance and recommendations to governments, health organisations and social media platforms on how to facilitate this prominent pattern. The scoping review protocol outlines a study that will systematically map the existing literature on young adults’ preferences for digital platforms and platform characteristics in relation to OHISB, enabling the identification of promising areas for further research and the development of more effective interventions to promote healthy and informed choices. Conducting a scoping review is imperative to gain a comprehensive understanding of young adults’ OHISB and support the next generation of dissemination that promotes accurate and reliable digital health information.

Methods and analysis
The scoping review will use Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR)) and employ the citation pearl method and the Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type model to design the search strategy. To identify relevant literature, three databases will undergo a search: Scopus, Web of Science and EMBASE. Additionally, a subsidiarily grey literature search will be conducted in Google Scholar. The data charting process will conform to the PRISMA-ScR standard and will be further structured with EndNote. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the extracted data will be developed using EndNote and Excel.

Ethics and dissemination
Conducting a scoping review involves secondary data analysis of publicly available sources and does not require an ethical review. The protocol will be published to ensure transparency. The scoping review results will be disseminated through open-access peer-reviewed publications, national and international conferences, social media platforms, newspapers and YouTube to service users and stakeholders.

Introduction
During the COVID-19 pandemic, hospital capacity was strained. Home-based care could relieve the hospital care system and improve patient well-being if safely organised.
We designed an intervention embedded in a regional collaborative healthcare network for the home-based management of acutely ill COVID-19 patients requiring oxygen treatment. Here, we describe the design and pilot protocol for the evaluation of the feasibility of this complex intervention.

Methods and analysis
Following a participatory action research approach, the intervention was designed in four consecutive steps: (1) literature review and establishment of an expert panel; (2) concept design of essential intervention building blocks (acute medical care, acute nursing care, remote monitoring, equipment and technology, organisation and logistics); (3) safety assessments (prospective risk analysis and a simulation patient evaluation) and (4) description of the design of the pilot (feasibility) study aimed at including approximately 15–30 patients, sufficient for fine-tuning for a large-scale randomised intervention.

Ethics and dissemination
All patients will provide written, informed consent. The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Review Committee of the University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (protocol NL77421.041.21). The preparatory steps (1–4) needed to perform the pilot are executed and described in this paper. The findings of the pilot will be published in academic journals. If we consider the complex intervention feasible, we aim to continue with a large-scale randomised controlled study evaluating the clinical effectiveness, safety and implementation of the complex intervention.

Introduction
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important health issue that affects the ageing population. China has the largest geriatric population and the largest number of diabetes cases in the world. This poses a significant challenge for healthcare providers and policymakers. Haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), which is one of the diagnostic criteria for diabetes, is affected by many factors such as pregnancy, age, race and anaemia. Glycated albumin (GA) is not influenced by factors that affect HbA1c concentrations, although it has been used in the diagnosis of diabetes in a few people. The aim of this study protocol is to determine reference intervals (RIs) of HbA1c and GA for the diagnosis of older adults with diabetes in China and to assess the optimal cut-off values for these parameters from a health economic perspective.

Methods and analysis
This cross-sectional survey study will recruit 1278 community-dwelling older adults aged 60–89 in Chengdu City. The data collection process will involve a questionnaire survey, a comprehensive physical examination and the collection of blood samples for laboratory testing. Data analyses will be conducted on the pooled sample and stratified by gender, age or other demographic features if necessary. Rates will be compared using the 2 test or Fisher test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves will be used to identify the most effective threshold values for HbA1c and GA for diagnosing diabetes among older adults in China.

Ethics and dissemination
The study protocol was approved by the ethics review board of the Bioethics Subcommittee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University (Approval No. 1705 in 2022). The study’s results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences.

Trial registration number
ChiCTR2300070831

Introduction
The number of single-person households is increasing globally—including in South Korea, where they account for over 30% of all households. Young single-person households in South Korea face health problems and housing challenges. Both the perceived and objective aspects of the neighbourhood environment, as a community asset, play a significant role in sustaining a healthy lifestyle. This study aims to explore and describe the meaning, roles and spatiotemporal characteristics of neighbourhood environments for a healthy lifestyle in young single-person households experiencing housing poverty in Seoul, South Korea.

Methods and analysis
This ongoing study uses an extended qualitative geographic information systems approach to explore a district in the city of Seoul that has the highest population density of young single-person households experiencing housing poverty. The study sample comprises young single-person households aged 19–39 years who are experiencing housing poverty in the study area, with an expected saturation point of approximately 55 participants. We employ online and offline recruitment strategies to ensure the inclusion of diverse perspectives and a multimethod approach that combines descriptive and spatiotemporal data collection techniques (eg, individual in-depth interviews, field observations and mobile global positioning system tracking). The data analysis encompasses thematic and content analyses to understand the neighbourhood environment’s perceived attributes and the spatiotemporal characteristics of healthy lifestyles. In the integrated analysis, we plan to combine the qualitative findings with living space and daily-life patterns using qualitative software and a hybrid relational database.

Ethics and dissemination
The Institutional Review Board of Seoul National University approved the research protocol on 18 May 2021. The findings will be shared at international conferences and published in academic journals. Additionally, an online seminar will be conducted to share the results with policy-makers, researchers, community organisations and health workers working with young single-person households experiencing housing poverty.

Introduction
Mounting evidence has suggested that novel teaching strategies have a positive impact on the quality and efficiency of medical education. However, the comprehensive evidence about the superiority among various strategies is not clear. To address this issue, we aim to conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) to evaluate the effects of six main strategies on medical education, including case-based learning, problem-based learning, team-based learning, flipped classrooms, simulation-based education and bridge-in, objective, preassessment, participatory learning, postassessment and summary.

Methods and analysis
A systematic search will be conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library, covering studies published from database inception to November 2023. Randomised controlled trials which evaluated the different teaching methods and meet the eligibility criteria will be included. The effectiveness of medical students’ learning, which is evaluated by theoretical test score, experimental or practical test score, will be analysed as the primary outcomes. Besides, the secondary outcomes consist of learning satisfaction of students and formative evaluation score. The study selection and data extraction will be independently performed by two authors. The risk of bias in each study will be assessed using V.2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised controlled trials. To compare the effects of six teaching strategies, pairwise meta-analysis and NMA will be performed using Rev Man, STATA and R software. Statistical analyses including homogeneity tests, sensitivity analysis, consistency tests, subgroup analysis, Egger’s test and publication bias will also be completed.

Ethics and dissemination
No formal research ethics approval is required because this study is a meta-analysis based on published studies. The results will be disseminated to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.

Protocol registration number
CRD42023456050.

Il 15 febbraio la Giornata mondiale contro il cancro dei bambini

Introduction
Health-related data collection tools, including digital ones, have become more prevalent across clinical studies in the last number of years. However, using digital data collection tools in low-income and middle-income countries presents unique challenges. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the data collection tools currently being used in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in low-resource settings and evaluate the tools based on the characteristics outlined in the modified Mobile Survey Tool framework. These include functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, portability, effectiveness, cost–benefit, satisfaction, freedom from risk and context coverage. This evidence may provide a guide to selecting a suitable data collection tool for researchers planning to conduct research in low-income and middle-income countries for future studies.

Methods and analysis
Searches will be conducted in four electronic databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and EMBASE. For inclusion, studies must be a RCT, mention a health-related data collection tool and conducted in a low- and middle-income country. Only studies with available full-text and written in English will be included. The search was restricted to studies published between January 2005 and June 2023. This systematic review will use the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) tool. Two review authors will screen the titles and abstracts of search results independently for inclusion. In the initial screening process, the full-text articles will be retrieved if the abstract contains limited information about the study. Disagreements will be resolved through discussion. If the disagreement cannot be resolved, a third author (JO’D) will adjudicate. The study selection process will be outlined in a PRISMA flow-diagram. Data will be analysed using a narrative synthesis approach. The included studies and their outcomes will be presented in a table.

Ethics and dissemination
Formal ethical approval is not required as primary data will not be collected in this study. The findings from this systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42023405738.