Risultati per: Screening della retinopatia diabetica

Objectives
To identify the prevalence of diabetes among adults ( >18 years) living in residential care facilities in Denmark and to identify the structural, practical, and individual barriers and drivers related to their participation in screening programmes.

Design

Setting
The register-based study included all residents living in residential care facilities in Denmark. The survey and qualitative analysis were carried out exclusively in the Capital Region of Denmark.

Participants
For the register-based study, we identified 11 620 residents of care facilities in Denmark ( >18 years) and identified the number of residents with diagnosis codes of type 1 or type 2 diabetes or dispensed prescriptions of blood glucose-lowering medication. Staff from 102 psychiatric facilities housing adults with severe psychiatric disabilities were invited to participate in the survey. Of these, 56 facilities participated with one responder each, of which n=16 also participated in follow-up qualitative interviews.

Results
Register-based study: of the residents at the facilities, 954 (8%) were diagnosed with diabetes. Descriptive statistics of responses and results from content analysis of interviews were summarised in five themes that illuminated how a screening programme could be tailored to the care facilities: (1) characteristics of residents and care facilities, (2) the care needs of residents, (3) the way care was organised, (4) the specific barriers and drivers for participating in programmes, (5) number of hours and settings for screening programmes.

Conclusion
To increase the participation of people living in psychiatric care facilities in screening programmes, future programmes should be tailored to the identified needs and barriers experienced by the residential care staff.

Annals of Internal Medicine, Volume 175, Issue 12, Page OC1, December 2022.

Annals of Internal Medicine, Volume 175, Issue 12, Page OC1, December 2022.

MRI-directed biopsy might reduce overdiagnosis of clinically insignificant prostate cancers.

Objective
The renal excretion function of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is reduced, and the nervous system toxic reactions of antibiotics are prone to occur. The purpose of this study is to screen out some risk factors for patients with CKD to suffer from antibiotic-associated encephalopathy (AAE).

Design
A case–control study.

Setting
A tertiary hospital in China.

Participants
The medical records of patients who were hospitalised for CKD and infectious diseases in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2019. All patients used antibiotics to treat infectious diseases during hospitalisation. All patients were divided into two groups according to whether they developed AAE during hospitalisation. The patients with CKD without AAE were selected as the control group (n=120), and the patients with CKD with AAE were regarded as the AAE group (n=102).

Interventions
This study systematically analysed its clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, prognosis, etc, and summarised the risk factors related to AAE in patients with CKD.

Primary outcome
Screening risk factors of AAE in patients with CKD.

Results
Logistic regression analysis showed that coronary heart disease, as well as abnormal indicators of haemoglobin, albumin, uric acid and blood phosphorus were independent risk factors for patients with CKD with AAE (OR values were 4.137, 0.963, 0.849, 0.996 0.161, respectively, all p

Introduction
Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a frequent (1:300) autosomal dominantly inherited condition which causes premature (women

Introduction
Lung cancer screening (LCS) using low-dose CT has been demonstrated to reduce lung cancer-related mortality in large randomised controlled trials. Moving from trials to practice requires answering practical questions about the level of expertise of CT readers, the need for double reading as in trials and the potential role of artificial intelligence (AI). In addition, most LCS studies have predominantly included male participants with women being under-represented, even though the benefit of screening is greater for them. Thus, this study aims to compare the performance of a single CT reading by general radiologists trained in LCS using AI as a second reader to that of a double reading by expert thoracic radiologists, in a campaign for low-dose CT screening in high-risk women.

Methods and analysis
This observational cohort study will recruit 2400 asymptomatic women aged between 50 and 74 years, current or former smokers with at least a 20 pack-year smoking history, in 4 different French district areas. Assistance with smoking cessation will be offered to current smokers. An initial low-dose CT scan will be performed, with subsequent follow-ups at 1 year and 2 years. The primary objective is to compare CT scan readings by a single LCS-trained, AI-assisted radiologist to that of an expert double reading. The secondary objectives are: to evaluate the performance of AI as a stand-alone reader; the adherence to screening of female participants; the influence on smoking cessation; the psychological consequences of screening; the detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), coronary artery disease and osteoporosis on low-dose CT scans and the costs incurred by screening.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethics approval was obtained from the Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud-Est 1 (ethics approval number: 2021-A02265-36 with an amendment on 15 July 2022). Trial results will be disseminated at conferences, through relevant patient groups and published in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number
NCT05195385.

Chiu et al recently investigated the long-term effectiveness of national faecal immunochemical test (FIT) screening for colorectal cancer (CRC).1 They demonstrated reduced risk of advanced-stage CRC and its mortality with larger reductions in distal CRC as compared with proximal CRC. An additional outcome of the CRC screening programme may be early detection of other diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). The prevalence of IBD is up to 1% in westernised countries.2 3 However, symptoms of IBD vary and may increase time to diagnosis.4 Correct and early diagnosis is important to improve treatment outcomes and patients’ quality of life.5 Although early markers of IBD, such as antimicrobial antibodies and serum proteins, are emerging,6 7 colonoscopy still remains one of the only methods to detect early IBD. Since…

New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 387, Issue 23, Page 2126-2137, December 2022.

Annals of Internal Medicine, Volume 175, Issue 12, Page JC140, December 2022.

Nearly a quarter of physicians do not believe that a patient’s life expectancy should be a metric for halting cancer screening, despite guidelines that recommend against routine cancer screening when life expectancy is less than 10 years. What’s more, less than half of physicians are convinced the overscreening is a major problem among older adults.

Annals of Internal Medicine, Ahead of Print.

Presentato il 5/o Rapporto di Cittadinanzattiva e Federfarma

This cohort study assesses the association of prostate-specific antigen screening with incidence of metastatic prostate cancer in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) from 2005 to 2019.

This review examines the current FDA regulatory process for artificial intelligence products used in breast cancer screening and suggests system improvements.