Risultati per: LBP (Low Back Pain): Cosa dicono le linee guida del mal di schiena

Although I applaud the American Gastroenterology Association for a clinically pragmatic and relevant practice update on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in those with low body mass index (BMI), it brings up concerns with semantic discordance by using the term “lean.”1 The authors appropriately note that NAFLD is generally “associated” with obesity and increased in the presence of other obesity- (or adiposity-) based metabolic complications but remains very “BMI-centric” in citing data supporting the risk for those who have a BMI within the ethnic-specific cutoff of 25 kg/m2 BMI in white and 23 kg/m2 in Asian subjects.

Introduction
Stroke is the second leading cause of death and morbidity across the globe. In low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), it has become an overwhelming burden over the past few decades. This burden is escalating at a much greater pace compared with that of high-income countries. It is considered the most frequent cause of adult disability that affects the quality of life. ‘Prevention’ is one of the key components to combating stroke. In this regard, community-based interventions can play a vital role in improving population-level health and well-being. Considering the escalating trend of stroke in LMICs, this systematic review aims to map the available community-based interventions in preventing stroke and to conduct further analysis regarding the effectiveness of the identified interventions.

Methods and analysis
We have searched Medline, Web of Science and Scopus using a comprehensive search strategy in October 2021. Two reviewers will independently perform screening, data extraction and risk of bias (ROB) assessment. The ROB assessment and applicability of results of eligible studies will be performed using the Cochrane ROB tool for assessing randomised controlled trials and the ROBANS (Risk Of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomised Studies) to assess non-randomised studies. A random-effect model meta-analysis will be used to calculate pooled results and to obtain weighted OR and risk ratio of incidence of stroke along with corresponding 95% CI.

Ethics and dissemination
The results will be disseminated through publishing in a peer-reviewed journal and public presentations at relevant national and international conferences. Ethical approval is not required as this is a systematic review of publicly available data.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42021283670.

Introduction
The use of low-dose aspirin by pregnant women to prevent preterm pre-eclampsia is gradually increasing. The administration of aspirin during pregnancy improves perinatal outcome, which could translate into improved child outcome in the long term. However, antenatal exposure to aspirin could have adverse effects on child development that may manifest later in life. The aim of this follow-up study is to assess the long-term effects of antenatal exposure to low-dose aspirin compared with placebo on survival, (neuro)development, behaviour and general health at 4 years corrected age.

Methods and analysis
This is a follow-up study of the Dutch double-blind randomised controlled APRIL trial which assessed the effectiveness of treatment with aspirin (80 mg daily) compared with placebo for the prevention of preterm birth in women with a previous spontaneous preterm birth. Treatment was initiated before 16 weeks of gestation and continued until 36 weeks or birth. We aim to follow-up all 379 children born to women who participated in the APRIL trial and survived the neonatal period, at the corrected age of 4 years. The main outcomes are (neuro)development as assessed by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, and behaviour as assessed by the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Additional outcomes include mortality, growth and general health from birth up to 4 years, and a composite outcome including mortality, abnormal (neuro)development and problem behaviour. Analyses will be performed by intention-to-treat using a superiority design.

Ethics and dissemination
Institutional Review Board approval was obtained from the Medical Research Ethics Committee from Amsterdam Medical Center (no. W20 289#20.325). The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences.

Trial registration number
The APRIL trial (NTR5675, NL5553; EudraCT number 2015-003220-31) and the APRIL follow-up study (NL8950) are registered in the Dutch trial register. The study is funded by the Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute.

Objective
To assess symptom presentation related to age, sex and previous medical history in patients with chest pain.

Design
Prospective observational cohort study.

Setting
Two-centre study in a Swedish county emergency medical service (EMS) organisation.

Participants
Unselected inclusion of 2917 patients with chest pain cared for by the EMS during 2018.

Data analysis
Multivariate analysis on the association between symptom characteristics, patients’ sex, age, previous acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or diabetes and the final outcome of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Results
Symptomology in patients assessed by the EMS due to acute chest pain varied with sex and age and also with previous ACS or diabetes. Women suffered more often from nausea (OR 1.6) and pain in throat (OR 2.1) or back (OR 2.1). Their pain was more often affected by palpation (1.7) or movement (OR 1.4). Older patients more often described pain onset while sleeping (OR 1.5) and that the onset of symptoms was slow, over hours rather than minutes (OR 1.4). They were less likely to report pain in other parts of their body than their chest (OR 1.4). They were to a lesser extent clammy (OR 0.6) or nauseous (OR 0.6). These differences were present regardless of whether the symptoms were caused by AMI or not.

Conclusions
A number of aspects of the symptom of chest pain appear to differ in unselected prehospital patients with chest pain in relation to age, sex and medical history, regardless of whether the chest pain was caused by a myocardial infarction or not. This complicates the possibility in prehospital care of using symptoms to predict the underlying aetiology of acute chest pain.

Introduction
An estimated 10% of women experience severe, chronic pelvic girdle pain post partum. This has significant physical, psychological and socioeconomic consequences. Typically, such pain is recalcitrant to conservative management; hence the need to identify effective management strategies. Customised Dynamic Elastomeric Fabric Orthoses may be an option to address this gap; designed to improve pain by providing support while optimising movement and function. Currently, no studies have evaluated the clinical and cost-effectiveness, or acceptability of these customised orthoses in postpartum women.

Methods and analysis
EMaPP is a pragmatic, multicentre randomised controlled feasibility trial with an embedded qualitative study and economic evaluation. Sixty participants with pregnancy-related severe pelvic girdle pain >3 months post partum will be recruited. Participants will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio (stratified by centre and presence/absence of lumbo-pelvic pain pre pregnancy) to receive either standard care (standardised information and exercise) or intervention (orthosis plus standard care). All participants will be asked to complete a battery of self-report questionnaires (including pain, function, health-related quality of life and health and social care resource use), via a web-based application at baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks. Pain levels and medication usage will be reported fortnightly. Feasibility and acceptability of the trial procedures will be determined in terms of recruitment and retention rates, data completion rates and intervention adherence. Five clinicians and 10 participants will be interviewed to explore their experiences of the trial procedures and receiving the intervention.

Ethics and dissemination
This study was approved by: National Research Ethics Scheme (NRES Committee Health and Care Research Wales Research Ethics Committee (21/WM/0155) and University of Plymouth Faculty of Health Research Ethics and Integrity Committee (ref:2966). Results will be made available to participants, the funders, staff, general public and other researchers through a range of mechanisms.

Trial status
Currently recruiting.

Trial registration number
ISRCTN67232113.

Introduction
Knee osteoarthritis is a leading cause of disability, resulting in pain and reduced quality of life. Exercise is the cornerstone of conservative management but effects are, at best, moderate. Early evidence suggests that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied over the primary motor cortex (M1) may improve the effect of exercise in knee osteoarthritis. This pilot study aims to (1) determine the feasibility, safety and participant-rated response to an intervention adding M1 rTMS to exercise in knee osteoarthritis; (2) elucidate physiological mechanisms in response to the intervention; (3) provide data to conduct a sample size calculation for a fully powered trial.

Methods and analysis
This is a pilot randomised, assessor-blind, therapist-blind and participant-blind, sham-controlled trial. Thirty individuals with painful knee osteoarthritis will be recruited and randomly allocated to receive either: (1) active rTMS+exercise or (2) sham rTMS+exercise intervention. Participants will receive 15 min of either active or sham rTMS immediately prior to 30 min of supervised muscle strengthening exercise (2x/week, 6 weeks) and complete unsupervised home exercises. Outcome measures of feasibility, safety, pain, function and physiological mechanisms will be assessed before and/or after the intervention. Feasibility and safety will be analysed using descriptive analysis. Within-group and between-group comparisons of pain and function will be conducted to examine trends of efficacy.

Ethics and dissemination
This study has been approved by the University of New South Wales Human Research Ethics Committee (HC210954). All participants will provide written informed consent. The study results will be submitted for peer-reviewed publication.

Trial registration number
ACTRN12621001712897p.

Objective
To establish the prevalence of long-term and serious harms of medical cannabis for chronic pain.

Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources
MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CENTRAL from inception to 1 April 2020.

Study selection
Non-randomised studies reporting on harms of medical cannabis or cannabinoids in adults or children living with chronic pain with ≥4 weeks of follow-up.

Data extraction and synthesis
A parallel guideline panel provided input on the design and interpretation of the systematic review, including selection of adverse events for consideration. Two reviewers, working independently and in duplicate, screened the search results, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We used random-effects models for all meta-analyses and the Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach to evaluate the certainty of evidence.

Results
We identified 39 eligible studies that enrolled 12 143 adult patients with chronic pain. Very low certainty evidence suggests that adverse events are common (prevalence: 26.0%; 95% CI 13.2% to 41.2%) among users of medical cannabis for chronic pain, particularly any psychiatric adverse events (prevalence: 13.5%; 95% CI 2.6% to 30.6%). Very low certainty evidence, however, indicates serious adverse events, adverse events leading to discontinuation, cognitive adverse events, accidents and injuries, and dependence and withdrawal syndrome are less common and each typically occur in fewer than 1 in 20 patients. We compared studies with

Introduction
Prognosis following surgical rotator cuff repair (RCR) is often established through the assessment of non-modifiable biomedical factors such as tear size. This understates the complex nature of recovery following RCR. There is a need to identify modifiable psychosocial and sleep-related variables, and to find out whether changes in central pain processing influence prognosis after RCR. This will improve our knowledge on how to optimise recovery, using a holistic rehabilitation approach.

Methods and analysis
This longitudinal study will analyse 141 participants undergoing usual care for first time RCR. Data will be collected 1–21 days preoperatively (T1), then 11–14 weeks (T2) and 12–14 months (T3) postoperatively. We will use mixed-effects linear regression to assess relationships between potential prognostic factors and our primary and secondary outcome measures—the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index; the Constant-Murley Score; the Subjective Shoulder Value; Maximal Pain (Numeric Rating Scale); and Quality of Life (European Quality of Life, 5 dimensions, 5 levels). Potential prognostic factors include: four psychosocial variables; pain catastrophising, perceived stress, injury perceptions and patients’ expectations for RCR; sleep; and four factors related to central pain processing (central sensitisation inventory, temporal summation, cold hyperalgesia and pressure pain threshold). Intercorrelations will be assessed to determine the strength of relationships between all potential prognostic indicators.
Our aim is to explore whether modifiable psychosocial factors, sleep-related variables and altered central pain processing are associated with outcomes pre-RCR and post-RCR and to identify them as potential prognostic factors.

Ethics and dissemination
The results of the study will be disseminated at conferences such as the European Pain Congress. One or more manuscripts will be published in a peer-reviewed SCI-ranked journal. Findings will be reported in accordance with the STROBE statement and PROGRESS framework. Ethical approval is granted by the Ethical commission of Canton of Zurich, Switzerland, No: ID_2018-02089

Trial registration number
NCT04946149.

Gut commensal bacteria modulate synthesis of resolvin D1 in colonic tuft cells. Decreased synthesis of colonic resolvin D1 may contribute to the development of pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea.

Objective
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a form of non-invasive brain stimulation, is a novel avenue for the management of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Despite evidence for the effectiveness of rTMS in chronic pain conditions, the clinical uptake of rTMS remains limited and little is known regarding patient perceptions of this therapeutic technique.

Design
Qualitative study using a phenomenological approach, reported in accordance with the Consolidated criteria for Reporting Qualitative research checklist.

Setting
Sydney, Australia.

Participants
Fifteen participants were recruited from the community and completed the study. All participants had a diagnosis of chronic musculoskeletal pain, a history of seeking treatment and no prior experience with rTMS.

Methods and analysis
All participants completed a semistructured interview to explore overall knowledge, preconceived concerns and attitudes regarding rTMS as a treatment for chronic musculoskeletal pain. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.

Results
The key themes that influenced an individual’s hypothetical acceptance of rTMS for chronic pain management were (1) the individual’s initial impression of the equipment appearance, (2) the participant’s individual history and familiarity with technology, (3) the accessibility and availability of rTMS and (4) knowledge regarding pain physiology and rTMS.

Conclusions
This was the first qualitative study to explore the perception of rTMS as a treatment among people with chronic musculoskeletal pain. RTMS appears to be accepted as a treatment option among individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Developing targeted strategies to address accessibility, funding support and medical endorsements may encourage use of rTMS in a clinical chronic pain setting.