Risultati per: Papilloma virus

Hanno causato a 22 decessi e 50 trapianti di fegato. La conferma da tre studi su Nature

New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 388, Issue 13, Page 1209-1209, March 2023.

In Reply In response to our Research Letter on mpox infection in the immediate period following vaccination with MVA-BN, Dr Zhou raises 2 important concerns about how to better assess vaccine effectiveness of MVA-BN against mpox.

To the Editor I have some concerns about a recent Research Letter that presented data about human mpox (formerly monkeypox) virus infection after patients received the modified vaccinia Ankara–Bavarian Nordic vaccine (MVA-BN [JYNNEOS]).

The Institute Pasteur in Dakar, Senegal, confirmed Equatorial Guinea’s first case of Marburg virus disease, which carries a case-fatality rate of up to 88%, on February 8. The person with the confirmed infection died, as did 8 of their contacts who had probable or suspected cases. Their symptoms included fever, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea. Two people also experienced skin lesions and bleeding from the ear.

Ne ‘La cura inaspettata’ contributo di due medici,padre e figlio

Lo studio dei ricercatori dell’Ifom di Milano e del Cnr-Igm di Pavia, appena pubblicato su Nature Cell Biology, dimostra che il coronavirus viola i sistemi delle cellule, ne danneggia il Dna e impedisce di ripararlo

Lo studio dei ricercatori dell’Ifom di Milano e del Cnr-Igm di Pavia, appena pubblicato su Nature Cell Biology, dimostra che il coronavirus viola i sistemi delle cellule, ne danneggia il Dna e impedisce di ripararlo

Objectives
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) pandemic has had far-reaching consequences for people’s lives. In the UK, more than 23 million have been infected and nearly 185 000 have lost their lives. Previous research has looked at differential outcomes of COVID-19, based on socio-demographic factors such as age, sex, ethnicity and deprivation. We conducted a qualitative study with a diverse sample of adults living in the UK, to understand their lived experiences and quality of life (QoL) during the pandemic.

Methods
Participants were recruited with the help of civil society partners and community organisations. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between May and July 2021. Interviews were recorded with permission and transcribed. Transcripts were analysed following an inductive analytical approach as outlined in the Framework Method.

Results
18 participants (≥16 years) representing different ethnicities, sexes, migration and employment statuses and educational qualifications took part. Five key themes and 14 subthemes were identified and presented using the QoL framework. The five key themes describe how COVID-19 affected the following aspects of QoL: (1) financial and economic, (2) physical health, (3) social, (4) mental health and (5) personal fulfilment and affective well-being. The narratives illustrated inequities in the impact of COVID-19 for individuals with intersecting social, economic, and health disparities.

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate the multidimensional and differential impact of the pandemic on different population groups, with most of the negative economic impacts being borne by people in low-paid and insecure jobs. Similarly, adverse social, physical and mental health impacts particularly affected people already experiencing displacement, violence, physical and mental illnesses or even those living alone. These findings indicate that COVID-19 impacts have been influenced by intersecting health and socioeconomic inequalities, which pre-existed. These inequities should be taken into consideration while designing pandemic recovery and rebuilding packages.

Objective
To estimate prevalence of HIV infection in Nigeria and to examine variations by geopolitical zones and study characteristics to inform policy, practice and research.

Methods
We conducted a comprehensive search of bibliographic databases including PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Global Health, Academic Search Elite and Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED) and grey sources for studies published between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2019. Studies reporting prevalence estimates of HIV among pregnant women in Nigeria using a diagnostic test were included. Primary outcome was proportion (%) of pregnant women living with HIV infection. A review protocol was developed and registered (PROSPERO 2019 CRD42019107037).

Results
Twenty-three studies involving 72 728 pregnant women were included. Ten studies were of high quality and the remaining were of moderate quality. Twenty-one studies used two or more diagnostic tests to identify women living with HIV. Overall pooled prevalence of HIV among pregnant women was 7.22% (95% CI 5.64 to 9.21). Studies showed high degree of heterogeneity (I2=97.2%) and evidence of publication bias (p=0.728). Pooled prevalence for most individual geopolitical zones showed substantial variations compared with overall prevalence. North-Central (6.84%, 95% CI 4.73 to 9.79) and South-West zones (6.27%, 95% CI 4.75 to 8.24) had lower prevalence whereas South-East zone (17.04%, 95% CI 9.01 to 29.86) had higher prevalence.

Conclusions
While robust national prevalence studies are sparse in Nigeria, our findings suggest 7 in every 100 pregnant women are likely to have HIV infection. These figures are consistent with reported prevalence rates in sub-Saharan African region. WHO has indicated much higher prevalence in Nigeria compared with our findings. This discrepancy could potentially be attributed to varied methodological approaches and regional focus of studies included in our review. The magnitude of the issue highlights the need for targeted efforts from local, national and international stakeholders for prevention, diagnosis, management and treatment.

Icardi, nove tumori su dieci possono essere prevenuti da vaccino

Cinque esemplari di gabbiani dalla testa nera positivi a virus

New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 388, Issue 7, Page 595-608, February 2023.

La Cina intanto avverte: «L’ondata delle infezioni sta per finire. Nessuna variante rilevata»

Pandemia resta emergenza internazionale di sanità pubblica

Objectives
To examine the reported incidence and features of disseminated varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection following live attenuated herpes zoster vaccine live (ZVL: Zostavax, Merck) in immunocompromised people in Australia.

Design and setting
ZVL was funded in 2016 in Australia for people aged 70 years, with a catch-up programme for those 71–79 years. From 2016 to 2020, three deaths due to disseminated vaccine-strain VZV infection occurred following inadvertent ZVL administration in individuals with varying levels of immunocompromise. This descriptive study examined 4 years of national surveillance data reported to the Therapeutic Goods Administration’s Adverse Event Monitoring System (AEMS). Denominator data for rates were from doses recorded in the Australian Immunisation Register.

Participants
Individuals vaccinated between 1 November 2016 and 31 December 2020 who experienced adverse event(s) following immunisation (AEFI) after ZVL recorded in the AEMS.

Primary and secondary outcome measures
Rates and outcomes of confirmed (Oka strain positive) or probable disseminated VZV infection, and inadvertent administration of ZVL in immunocompromised individuals.

Results
854 AEFI were reported from 1 089 966 doses of ZVL administered (78.4 per 100 000 doses). Of those, 14 were classified as confirmed (n=6, 0.55 per 100 000) or probable (n=8) disseminated VZV infection. The confirmed cases were all hospitalised, and most (5/6) were immunocompromised; three cases died. Thirty-seven individuals were reported as vaccinated despite a contraindication due to immunocompromise (3.4 per 100 000), with 12/37 (32%) hospitalised.

Conclusions
Disseminated VZV is potentially life-threatening and occurs mostly in those with severe immunocompromise. Inadvertent administration of ZVL to immunocompromised individuals has occurred despite initial provider guidance and education. Multiple additional strategies to assist providers to identify contraindications have been implemented to prevent adverse outcomes.